Identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroids in thyroid surgery;Rekurrens- und Nebenschilddrüsenpräparation in der Schilddrüsenchirurgie

Chirurg

Volumn 80, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 352-363

  Dralle, H ^a,b,c  

^a MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

^b Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie ^*

^c MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITÄT HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Hypoparathyroidism; Identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve; Parathyroid glands; Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy; Thyroid surgery

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; GOITER; HUMAN; HYPOPARATHYROIDISM; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INJURY; METHODOLOGY; MICROSURGERY; PARATHYROID GLAND; PATHOLOGY; PEROPERATIVE COMPLICATION; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; RECURRENT DISEASE; RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE; REOPERATION; THYROIDECTOMY;

GOITER; HUMANS; HYPOPARATHYROIDISM; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; MICROSURGERY; PARATHYROID GLANDS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; RECURRENCE; RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE; REOPERATION; THYROIDECTOMY;

EID: 67349244814     PISSN: 00094722     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00104-008-1646-z     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Abboud B, Sargi Z, Akkam M, Sleilaty F (2002) Risk factors for postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia. Am Coll Surg 195:456-461
2. Agarwal G, Aggarwal V (2008) ls total thyroidectomy the surgical procedures of choice for benign multinodular goiter? An evidence-based review. World J Surg 32:1313-1324
3. Akerström G, Malmaeus J, Bergstrom R (1984) Surgical anatomy of human parathyroid glands. Surgery 95:14
4. Arlt W, Fremerey C, Callies F et al (2002) Wellbeing, mood and calcium homeostasis in patients with hypoparathyroidism receiving standard treatment with calcium and vitamin D. Eur J Endocrinol 146:215-222
5. Attie JN, Khafif RA (1975) Preservation of parathyroid glands during total thyroidectomy. Am J Surg 130:399-404
6. Bay V, Engel U (1980) Komplikationen bei Schilddrüsenoperationen. Chirurg 51:91-98
7. Bergenfelz A, Jansson S, Kristoffersson A et al (2008) Complications to thyroid surgery:results as reported in a database from a multicenter audit comprising 3.660 patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg, online publiziert:DOI 10.1007/s00423-008-0366-7
8. Berry J (1888) Suspensory ligament of the thyroid gland. J Anat Physiol 22:4
9. Bistrup C, Nielson DJ, Gregersen G, Franch P (1994) Preventive effect of levothyroxine In patients operated for non-toxic goitre» randomized trial of one hundert patients with nine years follow-up. Clin Endocrinol 40:323-327
10. Brauckhoff M, Thanh NP, Dralle H (2004) Nervus laryngeus inferior non recurrens and lusorial artery. Thyroid 14:79-81
11. Bundesgerichtshof Urteil lll ZR 344/03 vom 13.05.2004
12. Cakmakli S, Aydintug S, Erdem E (1992) Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia:does arterial ligation play a significant role? Int Surg 77:284
13. Delbrldge L, Guinea Al, ReeveTS (1999) Total thyroidectomy for bilateral benign multinodular goiter: effect of changing practice. Arch Surg 134:1389-1393
14. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie (1998) Leitlinien zurTherapie der benignen Struma - G80. Mitt Dtsch GesChir 3
15. Dralle H, Scheumann GEW, Hundeshagen H et al (1992) Die transsternale zervikomediastinale Primärtumorresektion und Lymphadenektomie beim Schilddrüsenkarzinom. Langenbecks Arch Chir 377:34-44
16. Dralle H, Sekulla C, Haerting J et al (2004) Risk factors of paralysis and functional outcome after recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring in thyroid surgery. Surgery 136:1310-1322
17. Dralle H, Sekulla C (2005) Schiddrüsenchirurgie: Generalist oder Spezialist? Zentralbl Chir 130:428433
18. Dralle H (2007) Inzidentalome der Schilddrüse. Chirurg 78:677-686
19. Dralle H, Sekulla C, Lorenz K et al the German lONM Study Group (2008) Intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. World J Surg 32:1358-1366
20. Enderlen E, Hotz G (1918) Beiträge zur Anatomie der Struma und zur Kropfoperation. Z Angew Anat 3:57-79
21. Fremerey Chr (2002) Krankheitslast des Hypoparathyreoidismus. Inangural-Dlssertation, Würzburg
22. Friedrich T, Steinert M, Keitel R et al (1998) Zur Häufigkeit der Schädigung des Nervus laryngeus recurrens bei der operativen Therapie verschiedener Schilddrüsenerkrankungen - eine retrospektive Untersuchung. Zentralbl Chir 123:25-29
23. Fritzsche H, Kargl M, Blum E, Gassner G (1986) Morphologische und funktionelle Ergebnisse der Strumaresektlon unter Berücksichtigung der praeoperativen Sonographie In: Pfannenstiel P, Emrich D, Weinheimer B (Hrsg) Schilddrüse 1985. Thieme, Stuttgart 362-368
24. Gemsenjäger E, Heitz PU, Staub JJ et al (1983) Surgical aspects of thyroid anatomy in multinodular goiter. World J Surg 7:363-371
25. Gemsenjäger E (1993) Zur Strumachirurgie von Kocher bis heute. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 123; 207-213
26. Goretzki PE, Zander l, Pohl P et al (2005) Grußendorf Postoperative Hypokalzämie bei Morbus Basedow - worin liegt das spezifisch erhöhte Risiko? Viszeralchirurgie 40:200-206
27. Grodski S, Serpell J (2008) Evidence for the role of perioperative PTH measurement after total thyroidectomy as a predictor of hypocalcemia. World J Surg 32:1367-1373
28. Grußendorf M, Vaupel R, Reiners Chr,Wegscheider K (2005) Die LISA-Studie - eine randomisierte, doppelblinde, vierarmige, plazebokontrollierte, multizentrische Studie an 1000 Patienten über die medikamentöse Therapie der Struma in Deutschland. Med Klinik 9:542-546
29. Grüters-Kieslich A, Brabant G, Dralle H et al (2003) Schilddrüse. In: Deutsch Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie, H. Lehnert (Hrsg) Rationelle Diagnostik und Therapie in Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel.2. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 47-87
30. Halsted WS, Evans HM (1907) The parathyroid glandules.Their blood supply, and their preservation in operation upon the thyroid gland. Ann Surg 66:489-506
31. Hegedüs L, Hansen JM, Veiergang D, Karstrup S (1987) Does prophylactic thyroxine treatment after operation for non-toxic goitre influence thyroid size? Br Med J 294:801-803
32. Heim W (1961) Die "funktionskritische Operation" bei Schilddrüsenerkrankungen. Zentralbl Chir 86:755-764
33. Henry JF, Audiffret J,Denizot A,Plan M (1988)The nonrecurrent Inferior laryngeal nerve:review of 33 cases, including two on the left side. Surgery 104:977-984
34. Herfarth C, Martin E (2000) Identifikation des Nervus laryngeus recurrens. Wie invasiv? Wie konsequent? Chirurg 71:532-533
35. Herranz-Gonzales J, Gavilan J, Matinez-Vidal J, Gavilan C (1991) Complications following thyroid surgery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 117:516518
36. Hermann M, Alk G, Roka R et al (2002) Laryngeal recurrent nerve injury in surgery for benign thyroid disease. Ann Surg 235:261 -268
37. Jatzko GR, Lisborg PH, Müller MG, Wette M (1994) Recurrent nerve palsy after thyroid operations principal nerve identification and a literature review. Surgery 115:139-144
38. Johansson K, Ander S, Lennquist S, Smeds S (1994) Human parathyroid blood supply determined by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry. World J Surg 18:417-421
39. Joosten U, Brune E, Kersting JU, Hohlbach G (1997) Risikofaktoren und Verlauf von Recurrensparesen nach Erstoperationen benigner Schilddrü senerkrankungen. Ergebnisse einer retrospektiven Analyse von 1556 Patienten. Zentralbl Chir 122:236245
40. Kasemsuwan L, Nubthuenetr S (1977) Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis:A complication of thyroidectomy. J Otolaryngol 26:365-367
41. Katz AD, Nemiroff P (1993) Anastomoses and bifurcations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve - report of 1177 nerves visualized. Am Surg 59:188-191
42. Kern KA (1993) Medicolegal analysis of errors in diagnosis and treatment of surgical endocrine disease. Surgery 114:1167-74
43. Kienzle HF, Weltrich H (2001) Lähmung der Stimmbandnerven nach Schilddrüsenresektion. Dtsch Ärztebl 98:A43-A46
44. Koch B, Boettcher M, Huschitt N, Hülsewede R (1996) Muß der Nervus recurrens bei der Schilddrüsenresektion immer freipräpariert werden? Chirurg 67:927-932
45. Kruse E, Olthoff A, Schile R (2006) Functional anatomy of the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve. Langenbecks Arch Surg 391:4-8
46. Lahey FH (1938) Routine dissection and demonstration recurrent laryngeal nerve in subtotal thyroidectomy. SGO 66:775-777
47. Lamade W, Renz K, Willeke F et al (1999) Effect of training on the incidence of nerve damage In thyroid surgery. Br J Surg 86:388-391
48. Lang MH, Schäfer FH, Stiel H, Vogt W (1996) Der GOÄ-Kommentar Thieme, Stuttgart
49. Lanzvon T,WachsmuthW (1955) Hals. In: Praktische Anatomie, 1. Bd, 2. Teil. Springer, Berlin
50. Lee NJ, BlakeyJD, Bhuta S, Calcaterra TC (1999) Unintentional parathyroidectomy during thyroidectomy. Laryngoscope 109:1238-1240
51. Lin DT, Patel SG, Shaha AR et al (2002) Incidence of inadvertent parathyroid removal during thyroidectomy. Laryngoscope 112:608-611
52. Lindblom P, Westerdahl J, Bergenfelz A (2002) Low parathyroid hormone levels after thyroid surgery:A feasible predictor of hypocalcemia. Surgery 131:515-120
53. Liu Q, Djuricin G, Prinz RA (1998) Total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease. Surgery 123:2-7
54. Lo CY (2007) Recurrence after total thyroidectomy for benign multinodular goiter. World J Surg 31:599-600
55. Mann B, Schmale P, Klenk E, Stremmel JW (1993) Häufigkeit, Symptomatik und Verlauf von Recurrensparesen nach Schilddrüsenoperationen mit und ohne Nervdarstellung. Akt Chir 28:155-158
56. Mättig H, Bildat D, Metzger B (1998) Senkung der Rate an Rekurrensparesen durch routinemäßige Darstellung der Nerven bei Schilddrüsenoperationen. Zentralbl Chir 123:17-20
57. Miccoli P, Antonelli A, lacconi P et al (1993) Prospective, randomized, double-blind study about effectiveness of levothyroxine suppressive therapy in prevention of recurrence after operation:cresult at the third year of follow-up. Surgery 114:10971102
58. Moalem J, Suh I, Duh QY (2008) Treatment and prevention of recurrence of multinodular goiter: An evidence-based review of the literature. World J Surg 32:1301-1312
59. Müller PEM, Schmid T, Spelsberg F (1998) Die totale Thyreoidektomie bei Jodmangelstruma -eine sinnvolle Behandlungsalternative? Zentralbl Chir 123:39-41
60. Nies C, Sitter SH, Zielke A et al (1994) Parathyroid function following ligation of the inferior thyriod arteries during bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy. Br J Surg 81:1757-1759
61. Oberlandesgericht Düsseldorf Urteil I-8 U 116/05 vom 25.01.2007
62. Olubowale O, Chadwick DR (2006) Optimization of thyroxine replacement therapy after total or neartotal thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease. Br J Surg 93:57-60
63. Oussoultzoglou E, Panaro F, Rosso E et al (2008) Use of BiClamp decreased the severity of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy compared with Iigasure:a prospective study. World J Surg 32:1968-1973
64. Palazzo FF, Sywak MS, Sidhu SB et al (2005) Parathyroid autotransplantation during total thyroidectomy - does the number of glands transplanted affect outcome? World J Surg 29:629-631
65. Pattou F, Combemale F, Fabre S et al (1998) Hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery:incidence and prediction of outcome. World J Surg 22:718-724
66. Pattou FN, Pellissier LC, Noel C et al (2000) Proye CAG Supernumerary parathyroid glands:frequency and surgical significance in treatment of renal hyperparathyroidism. World J Surg 24:1330-1334
67. Pelizzo MR, Toniato A, Gemo G (1998) Zuckerkandl's tuberculum:an arrow pointing to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (constant anatomical landmark). J Am Coll Surg 187:333-336
68. Pförtner M, Dick B, Thermann M, Bartsch DK (2006) Reoperations for recurrent benign goiter. Langenbecks Arch Surg 391:627-642
69. Pichlmayr R, Grotelüschen B (1978) Schilddrüse. In: Pichlmayr R, Grotelüschen B (Hrsg) Chirurgische Therapie. Springer, Berlin, S 1-42
70. Quadbeck B, Pruellage J, Roggenbuck U et al (2002) Long-term follow-up of thyroid nodule growth. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 110:348-354
71. Randolph GW (2003) Surgical anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve In: Randolph GW (ed) Surgery of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Saunders, Philadelphia, S 300-342
72. 10 Holtz (=Dihydrotachysterin). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 140:334-353
73. Reeve TS, Delbridge L, Cohen Aetal (1987)Total thyroidectomy: the preferred option for multinodular goiter. Ann Surg 206:782-786
74. Reiners C, Wegscheider K, Schicha H (2004) Prevalence of thyroid disorders in theworking population of Germany:Ultrasonography screening in 96,278 unselected employees. Thyroid 14:926-932
75. Riddell VH (1956) Injury to recurrent laryngeal nerves during thyroidectomy. A comparison between the results of identification and non-identification in 1022 nerves exposed to risk. Lancet 29:638-641
76. Roher HD (1987) Schilddrüse In: Roher HD (Hrsg) Endokrine Chirurgie. Thieme, Stuttgart, S1-35
77. Röher HD, Goretzki PE, Hellmann P, Witte J (1999) Risiken und Komplikationen der Schilddrüsenchirurgie. Chirurg 70:999-1010
78. Sakorafas GH, Stafyla V, Bramis C et al (2005) Incidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery: an underappreciated complication of thyroidectomy. World J Surg 29:1539-1543
79. Sasson AR, Pingpank JF, Wetherington W et al (2001 (Incidental parathyroldecotmy during thyroid surgery does not cause transient symptomatic hypocalcemia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127:304-308
80. Sauerbruch F (1934) Die Operationen an der Schilddrüse und an der Thymusdrüse. In: Sauerbruch F, Schmieden V (Hrsg) Operationen an Hals und Brustkorb. Bier Braun Kümmell Chirurgische Operationslehre. 6. Aufl. Bd 2. Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig, S 118-156
81. Schabram J, Koch G, Siegmund C (2006) Is he risk of laryngeal nerve palsy in reoperative thyroid surgery still an argument for total thyroidectomy in primary surgery. Langenbecks Arch Surg 391:627642
82. Schulte KM, Röher HD (1999) Behandlungsfehler bei Operationen der Schilddrüse. Chirurg 70:11311138
83. Schwarz K, Böhner H, Lammers B, Goretzki PE (2006) Radical surgery therapy for recurrent goiter with less than 1% recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and postoperative hypothyroidism - A realistic aim? Langenbecks Arch Surg 391:627-642
84. Scott-Coombes D, Kinsman R (2007) on behalf of the British Association of Endocrine Surgeons Second National Audit report publishing@e-dendrite.com
85. Seiler C, Glaser C, Wagner HE (1996) Thyroid gland surgery in an endemic region. World J Surg 20:593-597
86. Shindo ML, Wu JC, Park EE (2005) Surgical anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve revisited. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 133:514-519
87. Siperstein AE, Berber E, Morkoyun E (2002) The use of the harmonic scalpel vs conventional knot tying for vessel ligation in thyroid surgery. Arch Surg 137:137-142
88. Sosa JA, Bowman HM, Tielsch JM et al (1998) The importance of surgeon experience for clinical and economic outcomes from thyroidectomy. Ann Surg 228:320-330
89. Steinmüller T, Ulrich F, Rayes N et al (2001) Operationsverfahren und Risikofaktoren in der Therapie der benignen Struma multinodosa. Chirurg 72:1453-1457
90. Stelzner F (1988) Die chirurgische Anatomie der Grenzlamellen der Schilddrüse und die Nervi laryngei. Langenbecks Arch Chir 373:355-366
91. Testini M, Nacchiero M, Piccinni G et al (2004) Total thyroidectomy is improved by loupe magnification. Microsurgery 24:39-42
92. Thomusch O, Dralle H (2000) Endokrine Chirurgie und Evidenz-basierte. Med Chir 71:635-645
93. Thomusch O, Machens A, Sekulla C et al (2000) Multivariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative complications in benign goiter surgery: prospective multicenter study in Germany. World J Surg 24:1335-1341
94. Thomusch O, Sekulla C, Ukkat J et al (2001 ) Qualitä tssicherungsstudie benigne und maligne Struma. Zentralbl Chir 126:664-671
95. Thomusch O, Sekulla C, Walls G et al (2002) Intraoperative neuromonitoring of surgery for benign goiter. Am J Surg 183:673-678
96. Thomusch O, Machens A, Sekulla C et al (2003) The impact of surgical technique on postoperative hypoparathyroidism in bilateral thyroid surgery: a multivariate Analysis of 5846 consecutive patients. Surgery 133:180-185
97. Thomusch O, Sekulla C, Dralle H (2003) Rolle der totalen Thyroidektomie Im primären Therapiekonzept der benignen Knotenstruma. Chirurg 74:437443
98. Tschantz P (1980) Prevention du risqué récurrentiel et parathyroidien dans le thyroidectomies. Habilitationsschrift, Genf, 1977. Zitiert aus: Bay V, Engel U (1980) Komplikationen bei Schilddrü senoperationen. Chirurg 51:91-98
99. Wagner HE, Seiler C (1994) Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after thyroid gland surgery. Br J Surg 81:226-228
100. Wahl RA, Khno O, Labus M, Pfannenstiel P (1992) Nachsorge nach chirurgischerTherapie. In: Röher HD, Weinheimer B (Hrsg) Schilddrüse 1991. W. de Gruyter, Berlin, S 287-301
101. Wahl RA, Rimpl I (1998) Selektive (-morphologiegerechte und funktionskritische) Chirurgie der Knotenstruma: Abhängigkeit des Risikos der Recurrensparese von Darstellung und Manipulation des Nerven. Langenbecks Arch Chir [Suppl] 115:1051-1054
102. Weiand G, Mangold G (2004) Verlaufsvarietäten des Nervus laryngeus inferior. Chirurg 75:187-195
103. Welbourne RB (1990) The history of endocrine surgery. Praeger, New York
104. Wheeler MH (1998) Total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease. Lancet 35:1626-1527
105. Wienke A, Janke K (2007) Darstellung des Nervus recurrens bei einer Schilddrüsenoperation. Widerstreit zwischen chirurgischer Schule und HNO-Schule. Urteil des OLG Düsseldorf vom 25.01.2007 -1-8 U 115/05. Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 80:595-596
106. Wienke A (2008) Leitlinien ersetzen kein Sachverständigengutachten. Mitt Dtsch Ges Chir 3:267
107. Yalcin B (2006) Anatomie configurations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery. Surgery 139:181-187
108. Yalcin B, Ozan H (2007) Relationship between the Zuckerkandl's tubercle and entrance point of the inferior laryngeal nerve. Clin Anat 20:640-643
109. Yalcin B, Poyrazoglu Y, Ozan H (2007) Relationship between the Zuckerkandl's tubercle and the inferior laryngeal nerve including the laryngeal branches. Surg Today 37:109-113
110. Yalcin B,TunaliS,Ozan H (2008) Extralaryngeal division of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: a new description for the inferior laryngeal nerve. Surg Radiol Anat 30:215-220
111. Yamashita H, Murakami T, Noguchi S et al (1999) Postoperative tetany in Graves disease. Ann Surg 229:237-245
112. Zornig C, de Heer K, Koenecke S et al (1989) Darstellung des Nervus recurrens bei Schilddrüsenoperationen - Standortbestimmung. Chirurg 60:44-48