Treatment and prevention of recurrence of multinodular goiter: An evidence-based review of the literature

World Journal of Surgery

Volumn 32, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 1301-1312

  Moalem, Jacob ^a   Suh, Insoo ^a   Duh, Quan Yang ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b SAN FRANCISCO VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLACEBO; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPOPARATHYROIDISM; LARYNGEAL NERVE; MORBIDITY; NERVE INJURY; NODULAR GOITER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; THYROIDECTOMY;

GOITER, NODULAR; HUMANS; RECURRENCE; THYROIDECTOMY;

EID: 45849144339     PISSN: 03642313     EISSN: 14322323     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00268-008-9477-0     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (79)

1. Gaitan E, Nelson NC, Poole GV (1991) Endemic goiter and endemic thyroid disorders. World J Surg 5:205-215
2. Muller PE, Jakoby R, Heinert G et al (2001) Surgery for recurrent goitre: its complications and their risk factors. Eur J Surg 167:816-821
3. Tunbridge WM, Evered DC, Hall R et al (1977) The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 7:481-493
4. Brander A, Viikinkoski P, Nickels J et al (1991) Thyroid gland: US screening in a random adult population. Radiology 181:683-687
5. Mortensen JD, Woolner LB, Bennett WA (1955) Gross and microscopic findings in clinically normal thyroid glands. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 15:1270-1280
6. Matovinovic J (1983) Endemic goiter and cretinism at the dawn of the third millennium. Annu Rev Nutr 3:341-412
7. Torre G, Barreca A, Borgonovo G et al (2000) Goiter recurrence in patients submitted to thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression: possible role of insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins. Surgery 127:99-103
8. Kraimps JL, Marechaud R, Gineste D et al (1993) Analysis and prevention of recurrent goiter. Surg Gynecol Obstet 176:319-322
9. Seiler CA, Glaser C, Wagner HE (1996) Thyroid gland surgery in an endemic region. World J Surg 20:593-596; discussion 596-597
10. Miccoli P, Antonelli A, Iacconi P et al (1993) Prospective, randomized, double-blind study about effectiveness of levothyroxine suppressive therapy in prevention of recurrence after operation: result at the third year of follow-up. Surgery 114:1097-1101; discussion 1101-1092
11. Bifulco M, Cavallo P (2007) Thyroidology in the medieval medical school of Salerno. Thyroid 17:39-40
12. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (2004) Protocol for standardized production of clinical practice guidelines. Endocr Pract 10:353-361
13. Castro MR, Caraballo PJ, Morris JC (2002) Effectiveness of thyroid hormone suppressive therapy in benign solitary thyroid nodules: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:4154-4159
14. Sdano MT, Falciglia M, Welge JA et al (2005) Efficacy of thyroid hormone suppression for benign thyroid nodules: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 133:391-396
15. Koc M, Ersoz HO, Akpinar I et al (2002) Effect of low- and high-dose levothyroxine on thyroid nodule volume: a crossover placebo-controlled trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 57:621-628
16. Wemeau JL, Caron P, Schvartz C et al (2002) Effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression with levothyroxine in reducing the volume of solitary thyroid nodules and improving extranodular nonpalpable changes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by the French Thyroid Research Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:4928-4934
17. Pappalardo G, Guadalaxara A, Frattaroli FM et al (1998) Total compared with subtotal thyroidectomy in benign nodular disease: personal series and review of published reports. Eur J Surg 164:501-506
18. Bellantone R, Lombardi CP, Boscherini M et al (2004) Predictive factors for recurrence after thyroid lobectomy for unilateral non-toxic goiter in an endemic area: results of a multivariate analysis. Surgery 136:1247-1251
19. Gibelin H, Sierra M, Mothes D et al (2004) Risk factors for recurrent nodular goiter after thyroidectomy for benign disease: case-control study of 244 patients. World J Surg 28:1079-1082
20. Colak T, Akca T, Kanik A et al (2004) Total versus subtotal thyroidectomy for the management of benign multinodular goiter in an endemic region. ANZ J Surg 74:974-978
21. Erbil Y, Barbaros U, Salmaslioglu A et al (2006) The advantage of near-total thyroidectomy to avoid postoperative hypoparathyroidism in benign multinodular goiter. Langenbecks Arch Surg 391:567-573
22. Friguglietti CU, Lin CS, Kulcsar MA (2003) Total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease. Laryngoscope 113:1820-1826
23. Liu Q, Djuricin G, Prinz RA (1998) Total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease. Surgery 123:2-7
24. Marchesi M, Biffoni M, Faloci C et al (2002) High rate of recurrence after lobectomy for solitary thyroid nodule. Eur J Surg 168:397-400
25. Snook KL, Stalberg PL, Sidhu SB et al (2007) Recurrence after total thyroidectomy for benign multinodular goiter. World J Surg 31:593-598; discussion 599-600
26. Sosa JA, Bowman HM, Tielsch JM et al (1998) The importance of surgeon experience for clinical and economic outcomes from thyroidectomy. Ann Surg 228:320-330
27. Thomusch O, Machens A, Sekulla C et al (2000) Multivariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative complications in benign goiter surgery: prospective multicenter study in Germany. World J Surg 24:1335-1341
28. Feldkamp J, Seppel T, Becker A et al (1997) Iodide or L-thyroxine to prevent recurrent goiter in an iodine-deficient area: prospective sonographic study. World J Surg 21:10-14
29. Hegedus L, Nygaard B, Hansen JM (1999) Is routine thyroxine treatment to hinder postoperative recurrence of nontoxic goiter justified? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:756-760
30. Banchuin C, Panpimarnmas S (1997) Effect of post-operative thyroid hormone therapy on the recurrence of benign thyroid nodules. A study in Thai patients. J Med Assoc Thai 80:715-719
31. Geerdsen JP, Frolund L (1984) Recurrence of nontoxic goitre with and without postoperative thyroxine medication. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 21:529-533
32. Berghout A, Wiersinga WM, Drexhage HA et al (1989) The long-term outcome of thyroidectomy for sporadic non-toxic goitre. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 31:193-199
33. Bistrup C, Nielsen JD, Gregersen G et al (1994) Preventive effect of levothyroxine in patients operated for non-toxic goitre: a randomized trial of one hundred patients with nine years follow-up. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 40:323-327
34. Persson CP, Johansson H, Westermark K et al (1982) Nodular goiter-is thyroxine medication of any value? World J Surg 6:391-396
35. Anderson PE, Hurley PR, Rosswick P (1990) Conservative treatment and long term prophylactic thyroxine in the prevention of recurrence of multinodular goiter. Surg Gynecol Obstet 171:309-314
36. Ibis E, Erbay G, Aras G et al (1991) Postoperative goitre recurrence rate in Turkey. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 125:33-37
37. Subbiah S, Collins BJ, Schneider AB (2007) Factors related to the recurrence of thyroid nodules after surgery for benign radiation-related nodules. Thyroid 17:41-47
38. Wadstrom C, Zedenius J, Guinea A et al (1999) Multinodular goitre presenting as a clinical single nodule: how effective is hemithyroidectomy? Aust N Z J Surg 69:34-36
39. Roher HD, Goretzki PE (1987) Management of goiter and thyroid nodules in an area of endemic goiter. Surg Clin North Am 67:233-249
40. Bennedbaek FN, Hegedus L (2000) Management of the solitary thyroid nodule: results of a North American survey. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:2493-2498
41. Bennedbaek FN, Perrild H, Hegedus L (1999) Diagnosis and treatment of the solitary thyroid nodule. Results of a European survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 50:357-363
42. Astwood EB, Cassidy CE, Aurbach GD (1960) Treatment of goiter and thyroid nodules with thyroid. JAMA 174:459-464
43. Schneeberg NG, Stahl TJ, Maldia G et al (1962) Regression of goiter by whole thyroid or triiodothyronine. Metabolism 11:1054-1060
44. Hansen JM, Kampmann J, Madsen SN et al (1979) L-thyroxine treatment of diffuse non-toxic goitre evaluated by ultrasonic determination of thyroid volume. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 10:1-6
45. Perrild H, Hansen JM, Hegedus L et al (1982) Triiodothyronine and thyroxine treatment of diffuse non-toxic goitre evaluated by ultrasonic scanning. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 100:382-387
46. La Rosa GL, Lupo L, Giuffrida D et al (1995) Levothyroxine and potassium iodide are both effective in treating benign solitary solid cold nodules of the thyroid. Ann Intern Med 122:1-8
47. Gharib H, James EM, Charboneau JW et al (1987) Suppressive therapy with levothyroxine for solitary thyroid nodules. A double-blind controlled clinical study. N Engl J Med 317:70-75
48. Reverter JL, Lucas A, Salinas I et al (1992) Suppressive therapy with levothyroxine for solitary thyroid nodules. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 36:25-28
49. Burman KD (1990) Is long-term levothyroxine therapy safe?. Arch Intern Med 150:2010-2013
50. Faber J, Galloe AM (1994) Changes in bone mass during prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism due to L-thyroxine treatment: a meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 130:350-356
51. Sawin CT, Geller A, Wolf PA et al (1994) Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons. N Engl J Med 331:1249-1252
52. Biondi B, Fazio S, Palmieri EA et al (1999) [Effects of chronic subclinical hyperthyroidism from levothyroxine on cardiac morphology and function.]. Cardiologia 44:443-449
53. Bauer DC, Ettinger B, Nevitt MC et al (2001) Risk for fracture in women with low serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Ann Intern Med 134:561-568
54. Harrer P, Broecker M, Zint A et al (1998) Thyroid nodules in recurrent multinodular goiters are predominantly polyclonal. J Endocrinol Invest 21:380-385
55. Harrer P, Brocker M, Zint A et al (1998) The clonality of nodules in recurrent goiters at second surgery. Langenbecks Arch Surg 383:453-455
56. Goretzki P, Roeher HD, Horeyseck G (1981) Prophylaxis of recurrent goiter by high-dose L-thyroxine. World J Surg 5:855-857
57. Hegedus L, Hansen JM, Veiergang D et al (1987) Does prophylactic thyroxine treatment after operation for non-toxic goitre influence thyroid size? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 294:801-803
58. Carella C, Mazziotti G, Rotondi M et al (2002) Iodized salt improves the effectiveness of L-thyroxine therapy after surgery for nontoxic goitre: a prospective and randomized study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 57:507-513
59. Guberti A, Sianesi M, Del Rio P et al (2002) Thyroid function and goiter recurrence after thyroid lobectomy in elderly subjects. J Endocrinol Invest 25:71-72
60. Erbil Y, Bozbora A, Yanik BT et al (2007) Predictive factors for recurrent non-toxic goitre in an endemic region. J Laryngol Otol 121:231-236
61. Lange MJ, Piercy JE (1957) Recurrent goitre. Lancet 272:177-181
62. Makeieff M, Rubinstein P, Youssef B et al (1998) [Repeat surgery for thyroid nodules (excluding cancer and hyperthyroidism).]. Ann Chir 52:970-977
63. Farrag TY, Samlan RA, Lin FR et al (2006) The utility of evaluating true vocal fold motion before thyroid surgery. Laryngoscope 116:235-238
64. Ardito G, Revelli L, D'Alatri L et al (2004) Revisited anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Am J Surg 187:249-253
65. Steinberg JL, Khane GJ, Fernandes CM et al (1986) Anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: a redescription. J Laryngol Otol 100:919-927
66. Dralle H, Sekulla C, Haerting J et al (2004) Risk factors of paralysis and functional outcome after recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring in thyroid surgery. Surgery 136:1310-1322
67. Cohen-Kerem R, Schachter P, Sheinfeld M et al (2000) Multinodular goiter: the surgical procedure of choice. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122:848-850
68. Piraneo S, Vitri P, Galimberti A et al (1994) Recurrence of goitre after operation in euthyroid patients. Eur J Surg 160:351-356
69. Reeve TS, Delbridge L, Cohen A et al (1987) Total thyroidectomy. The preferred option for multinodular goiter. Ann Surg 206:782-786
70. Rios A, Rodriguez JM, Canteras M et al (2005) Surgical management of multinodular goiter with compression symptoms. Arch Surg 140:49-53
71. Rios A, Rodriguez JM, Balsalobre MD et al (2005) Results of surgery for toxic multinodular goiter. Surg Today 35:901-906
72. Rojdmark J, Jarhult J (1995) High long term recurrence rate after subtotal thyroidectomy for nodular goitre. Eur J Surg 161:725-727
73. Delbridge L, Guinea AI, Reeve TS (1999) Total thyroidectomy for bilateral benign multinodular goiter: effect of changing practice. Arch Surg 134:1389-1393
74. Menegaux F, Turpin G, Dahman M et al (1999) Secondary thyroidectomy in patients with prior thyroid surgery for benign disease: a study of 203 cases. Surgery 126:479-483
75. Lang BH, Lo CY (2005) Total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter in the elderly. Am J Surg 190:418-423
76. Zambudio AR, Rodriguez J, Riquelme J et al (2004) Prospective study of postoperative complications after total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiters by surgeons with experience in endocrine surgery. Ann Surg 240:18-25
77. Serpell JW, Phan D (2007) Safety of total thyroidectomy. ANZ J Surg 77:15-19
78. Berglund J, Bondesson L, Christensen SB et al (1990) Indications for thyroxine therapy after surgery for nontoxic benign goitre. Acta Chir Scand 156:433-438
79. Karanikolic A, Pesic M, Djordevic N et al (2007) Optimal surgical treatment for bilateral multinodular goitre. Surg Prac 11:12-16