The haze and methane distributions on Uranus from HST-STIS spectroscopy

Icarus

Volumn 202, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 287-309

  Karkoschka, Erich ^a   Tomasko, Martin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

Spectroscopy; Uranus

Indexed keywords

EID: 67349215075     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: 10902643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.02.010     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. 2 quadrupole line parameters. Icarus 114 (1995) 328-340
2. Banfield D., Gierasch P.J., Bell M., Ustinov E., Ingersoll A.P., Vasavada A.R., West R.A., and Belton M.J.S. Jupiter's cloud structure from Galileo imaging data. Icarus 135 (1998) 230-250
3. 2 complexes in the second overtone band of hydrogen at temperatures from 50 to 500 K. Icarus 145 (2000) 601-608
4. Colina L., Bohlin R.C., and Castelli F. The 0.12-2.5 micron absolute flux distribution of the Sun for comparison with solar analog stars. Astron. J. 112 (1996) 307-315
5. Conrath R., Gautier D., Hanel R., Lindal G., and Marten A. The helium abundance of Uranus from Voyager measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 92 (1987) 15003-15010
6. De Pater I., Gibbard S.G., Macintosh B.A., Roe H.G., Gavel D.T., and Max C.E. Keck adaptive optics images of Uranus and its rings. Icarus 160 (2002) 359-374
7. Dressel L., Aloisi A., Diaz-Miller R., Goudfrooij P., Hodge P., Holfeltz S., Quijano J.K., Maíz-Apellániz J., and Proffitt C. STIS Data Handbook, Version 5.0 (2007), STScI, Baltimore
8. Fink U., Benner D.C., and Dick K.A. Band model analysis of laboratory methane absorption spectra from 4500 to 10500 Å. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans. 18 (1977) 447-457
9. French R.G., Elliot J.L., French L.M., Kangas J.A., Meech K.J., Ressler M.E., Buie M.W., Frogel J.A., Holberg J.B., Fuensalida J.J., and Joy M. Uranian ring orbits from earth-based and Voyager occultation observations. Icarus 73 (1988) 349-378
10. French R.G., Nicholson P.D., Porco C.C., and Marouf E.A. Dynamics and structure of the uranian rings. In: Bergstralh J.T., Miner E.D., and Matthews M.S. (Eds). Uranus (1991), Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson 327-409
11. Fry P.M., and Sromovsky L.A. Uranus cloud layers as constrained by HST STIS spectra. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 39 (2007) 526
12. Goudfrooij P., and Kimble R.A. Correcting STIS CCD photometry for CTE loss. In: Arribas S., Koekemoer A., and Whitmore B. (Eds). 2002 HST Calibration Workshop (2002), STScI, Baltimore
13. Goudfrooij, P., Maíz-Apellániz, J., Brown, T., Kimble, R., 2006. Charge transfer efficiency of the STIS CCD: The time dependence of charge loss and centroid shifts from Internal Sparse Field data. Instrument Science Report STIS 2006-01. STScI, Baltimore
14. Hammel H.B., de Pater I., Gibbard S.G., Lockwood G.W., and Rages K. New cloud activity on Uranus in 2004: First detection of a southern feature at 2.2 μm. Icarus 175 (2005) 284-288
15. Hansen J.E. Multiple scattering of polarized light in planetary atmospheres. II. Sunlight reflected by terrestrial water clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 28 (1971) 1400-1426
16. Henyey L., and Greenstein J. Diffuse radiation in the galaxy. Astrophys. J. 93 (1941) 70-83
17. Hofstadter M.D., and Butler B.J. Seasonal changes in the deep atmosphere of Uranus. Icarus 165 (2003) 168-180
18. -1 and implications for interpretation of outer planet spectra. Icarus 181 (2006) 309-319
19. Irwin P.G.J., Teanby N.A., and Davis G.R. Latitudinal variations in Uranus' vertical cloud structure from UKIRT UIST observations. Astrophys. J. 665 (2007) L71-L74
20. Karkoschka E. Methane, ammonia, and temperature measurements of the Jovian planets and Titan from CCD-spectrophotometry. Icarus 133 (1998) 134-146
21. Karkoschka E. Clouds of high contrast on Uranus. Science 280 (1998) 570-572
22. Karkoschka E. Comprehensive photometry of the rings and 16 satellites of Uranus with the Hubble Space Telescope. Icarus 151 (2001) 51-68
23. Karkoschka E., and Koekemoer A. WFPC2 flatfields with reduced noise and an anomaly of filter FQCH4N-D. In: Arribas S., Koekemoer A., and Whitmore B. (Eds). 2002 HST Calibration Workshop (2002), Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore 315-324
24. Krist, J., 2004. The Tiny Tim User's Guidel, Version 6.3. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore
25. Lindal G.F., Lyons J.R., Sweetnam D.N., Eshleman V.R., Hinson D.P., and Tyler G.L. The atmosphere of Uranus: Results of radio occultation measurements with Voyager 2. J. Geophys. Res. 92 (1987) 14987-15001
26. Lockwood G.W., and Jerzykiewicz M. Photometric variability of Uranus and Neptune, 1950-2004. Icarus 180 (2005) 442-452
27. McGrath, M.A., Hodge, P., Baum, S., 1998. Calstis7: Two-dimensional rectification of spectroscopic data in the STIS calibration pipeline. Instrument Science Report STIS 98-13. STScI, Baltimore
28. Moses J.I., Rages K., and Pollack J.B. An analysis of Neptune's stratospheric haze using high-phase-angle Voyager images. Icarus 113 (1995) 232-266
29. Pryor W.R., West R.A., and Simmons K.E. High-phase-angle observations of Uranus at 2650 Å: Haze structure and particle properties. Icarus 127 (1997) 508-522
30. Rages K.A., Hammel H.B., and Friedson A.J. Evidence for temporal change at Uranus' south pole. Icarus 172 (2004) 548-554
31. Rages K.A., Hammel H.B., and Sromovsky L. Uranus: Direct comparison of northern vs. southern hemispheres at equinox. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 39 (2007) 425
32. Quijano J.K., and 17 colleagues. STIS Instrument Handbook, Version 8.0 (2007), STScI, Baltimore
33. Rages K., Pollack J.B., Tomasko M.G., and Doose L.R. Properties of scatterers in the troposphere and lower stratosphere of Uranus based on Voyager imaging data. Icarus 89 (1991) 359-376
34. Sromovsky L.A. Accurate and approximate calculations of Raman scattering in the atmosphere of Neptune. Icarus 173 (2005) 254-283
35. Sromovsky L.A., and Fry P.M. Dynamics of cloud features on Uranus. Icarus 179 (2005) 459-484
36. Sromovsky L.A., Irwin P.G.J., and Fry P.M. Near-IR methane absorption in outer planet atmospheres: Improved models of temperature dependence and implications for Uranus cloud structure. Icarus 182 (2006) 577-593
37. Sromovsky L.A., and Fry P.M. Spatially resolved cloud structure on Uranus: Implications of near-IR adaptive optics imaging. Icarus 192 (2007) 527-557
38. Sromovsky L.A., and Fry P.M. The methane abundance and structure of Uranus' cloud bands inferred from spatially resolved 2006 Keck grism spectra. Icarus 193 (2008) 252-266
39. Tokano T., McKay C.P., Neubauer F.M., Atreya S.K., Ferri F., Fulchignoni M., and Niemann H.B. Methane drizzle on Titan. Nature 442 (2006) 432-435
40. Tomasko M.G., and 39 colleagues. Rain, winds and haze during the Huygens probe's descent to Titan's surface. Nature 438 (2005) 765-778
41. Tomasko M.G., Bezard B., Doose L., Engel S., and Karkoschka E. Measurements of methane absorption by the descent imager/spectral radiometer (DISR) during its descent through Titan's atmosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 56 (2008) 624-647
42. West R.A. Optical properties of aggregate particles whose outer diameter is comparable to the wavelength. Appl. Opt. 30 (1991) 5316-5324