Neurological soft signs in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings: Frequency and correlates in two ethnic and socioeconomic distinct populations

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience

Volumn 259, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 218-226

  Mechri, Anwar ^a   Bourdel, Marie Chantal ^b   Slama, Héla ^a   Gourion, David ^b   Gaha, Lotfi ^a   Krebs, Marie Odile ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONASTIR   (Tunisia)

^b INSERM   (France)

Author keywords

Gene environment; Neurological soft signs; Replication study; Schizophrenia; Siblings

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL GLOBAL IMPRESSION SCALE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; EDUCATION; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING; NEUROLOGICAL SOFT SIGN SCORE; POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SIBLING; SOCIOECONOMICS; VALIDATION PROCESS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; DYSKINESIAS; FEMALE; FRANCE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; PERCEPTION; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; RISK FACTORS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SIBLINGS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; TUNISIA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 67349168505     PISSN: 09401334     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-008-0859-y     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Press, Washington
2. C Arango B Kirkpatrick RW Buchanan 2000 Neurological signs and the heterogeneity of schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 157 560 565 (Pubitemid 30191194)
3. M Atkins A Burgess C Bottomley M Riccio 1997 Chlorpromazine equivalents: a consensus of opinion for both clinical and research applications Psychiatr Bull 21 224 226 (Pubitemid 27225823)
4. S Bachmann C Bottmer J Schröder 2005 Neurological soft signs in first-episode schizophrenia: a follow-up study Am J Psychiatry 162 2337 2343 (Pubitemid 41740213)
5. I Bombin C Arango RW Buchanan 2005 Significance and meaning of neurological signs in schizophrenia: two decades later Schizophr Bull 31 962 967 (Pubitemid 41437791)
6. RW Buchanan DW Heinrichs 1989 The neurological evaluation scale (NES): a structured instrument for the assessment of neurological signs in schizophrenia Psychiatry Res 27 335 350 (Pubitemid 19096791)
7. YL Chen YH Chen FL Mak 2000 Soft neurological sings in schizophrenic patients and their nonpsychotic siblings J Nerv Ment Dis 188 84 89 (Pubitemid 30104521)
8. MT Compton Z Bercu A Bollini EF Walker 2006 Factor structure of the neurological evaluation scale in a predominantly African American sample of patients with schizophrenia, unaffected relatives, and non-psychiatric controls Schizophr Res 84 365 377
9. MT Compton AM Bollini L McKenzie Mack AD Kryda J Rutland PS Weiss Z Bercu ML Esterberg EF Walker 2007 Neurological soft signs and minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders, their first-degree biological relatives, and non-psychiatric controls Schizophr Res 94 64 73 (Pubitemid 47033974)
10. MF Egan TM Hyde JB Bonomo VS Mattay LB Bigelow TE Goldberg DR Weinberger 2001 Relative risk of neurological signs in siblings of patients with schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 158 1827 1834 (Pubitemid 33054775)
11. R Emsley HJ Turner PP Osthuizen J Carr 2005 Neurological abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia: temporal stability and clinical and outcome correlates Schizophr Res 75 35 44 (Pubitemid 40487972)
12. LA Flashman M Flaum S Gupta NC Andreasen 1996 Soft signs and neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 153 526 532 (Pubitemid 26113317)
13. L Flyckt O Sydow L Bjerkenstedt G Edman E Rydin FA Wiesel 1999 Neurological signs and psychomotor performance in patients with schizophrenia, their relatives and healthy controls Psychiatry Res 86 113 129 (Pubitemid 29277100)
14. N Gerard S Berriche A Aouizerate F Dieterlen G Lucotte 2006 North African Berber and Arab influences in the western Mediterranean revealed by Y-chromosome DNA haplotypes Hum Biol 78 307 316
15. D Gourion C Goldberger JP Olie H Lôo MO Krebs 2004 Neurological and morphological anomalies and the genetic liability to schizophrenia: a composite phenotype Schizophr Res 67 23 31 (Pubitemid 38117088)
16. TD Griffiths T Sigmundsson N Takei D Rowe RM Murray 1998 Neurological abnormalities in familial and sporadic schizophrenia Brain 121 191 203 (Pubitemid 28075797)
17. Guelfi JD (ed) (1996) L'évaluation clinique standardisée en psychiatrie. Ed Médicales Pierre-Fabre, Boulogne, tome 1, pp. 87-99
18. S Gupta NC Andreasen S Arndt M Flaum SK Schultz WC Hubbard M Smith 1995 Neurological soft signs in neuroleptic-naïve and neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic patients and in normal comparison subjects Am J Psychiatry 152 191 196
19. Guy W (1976) Assessment manual for psychopharmacology. US Department of Health Education and Welfare, Washington
20. A Hofer MA Rettenbacher CG Widschwendter G Kemmler M Hummer WW Fleischhacker 2006 Correlates of subjective and functional outcomes in outpatient clinic attendees with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 256 246 255 (Pubitemid 43989509)
21. B Ismail E Cantor-Graae S Cardenal TF McNeil 1998 Neurological abnormalities in schizophrenia: clinical, etiological and demographic correlates Schizophr Res 30 229 238 (Pubitemid 28189555)
22. B Ismail E Cantor-Graae TF McNeil 1998 Neurological abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and their siblings Am J Psychiatry 155 84 89 (Pubitemid 28037553)
23. T Jahn R Cohen W Hubmann F Mohr I Kohler R Schlenker R Niethammer J Schroder 2006 The brief motor scale (BMS) for the assessment of motor soft signs in schizophrenic psychoses and other psychiatric disorders Psychiatry Res 142 177 189 (Pubitemid 44218795)
24. 2 receptor polyphormisms in patients with schizophrenia Mol Psychiatry 7 695 705
25. S Kay A Fiszbein L Opler 1987 The positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia (PANSS) Schizophr Bull 13 261 276 (Pubitemid 18039085)
26. MS Keshavan RD Sanders JA Sweeney VA Diwadkar G Goldstein JW Pettegrew NR Schooler 2003 Diagnostic specificity and neuroanatomical validity of neurological abnormalities in first-episode psychoses Am J Psychiatry 160 1298 1304 (Pubitemid 41070947)
27. DJ King A Wilson SJ Cooper JL Waddington 1991 The clinical correlates of neurological soft signs in chronic schizophrenia Br J Psychiatry 58 770 775
28. T Kolakowska AO Williams K Jambor M Ardern 1985 Schizophrenia with good and poor outcome. III: Neurological soft signs, cognitive impairment and their clinical significance Br J Psychiatry 146 348 357 (Pubitemid 15147606)
29. MO Krebs A Gut-Fayand M Bourdel J Dischamp J Olie 2000 Validation and factorial structure of a standardized neurological examination assessing neurological soft signs in schizophrenia Schizophr Res 45 245 260
30. A Lane K Colgan F Moynihan T Burke JL Waddington C Larkin E O'Callaghan 1996 Schizophrenia and neurological soft signs: gender differences in clinical correlates and antecedent factors Psychiatry Res 64 105 114 (Pubitemid 26344772)
31. Lépine JP, Piron JJ, Chapotot E (1989) Factor analysis of the PANSS in schizophrenic patients, abstract 3232. In: Stafanis CN, Soldatos CR, Rabavilas AD (eds) Psychiatry today: accomplishments and promises. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam
32. AL Madsen S Vorstrup P Rubin JK Larsen R Hemmingsen 1999 Neurological abnormalities in schizophrenic patients: a prospective follow-up study 5 years after first admission Acta Psychiatr Scand 100 119 125 (Pubitemid 29372528)
33. A Mechri A Mrad S Mokni N Gaddour M Letaïf L Gaha 2008 Obstetric complications in schizophrenia: comparative study in a Tunisian sample Ann Med Psychol 166 646 652
34. A Mechri H Slama MC Bourdel S Chebel O Mandhouj MO Krebs L Gaha 2008 Neurological soft signs in schizophrenic patients and their nonaffected siblings Encephale 34 483 489
35. AE Merriam SR Kay LA Opler SF Kushner HM van Praag 1990 Neurological signs and the positive-negative dimension in schizophrenia Biol Psychiatry 28 181 192 (Pubitemid 20226405)
36. F Mohr W Hubmann M Albus U Franz S Hecht J Scherer J Binder N Sobizack 2003 Neurological soft signs and neuropsychological performance in patients with first episode schizophrenia Psychiatry Res 121 21 30 (Pubitemid 37311385)
37. F Mohr W Hubmann R Cohen W Bender C Haslacher S Honicke R Schlenker 1996 Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia: assessment and correlates Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 246 240 248 (Pubitemid 26252541)
38. R Nicolson M Lenane S Singaracharlu D Malaspina JN Giedd SD Hamburger P Gochman J Bedwell GK Thaker T Fernandez M Wudarsky DW Hommer JL Rapoport 2000 Premorbid speech and language impairments in childhood-onset schizophrenia: association with risk factors Am J Psychiatry 157 794 800 (Pubitemid 30249660)
39. JI Nurnberger Jr MC Blehar CA Kaufmann C York-Cooler SG Simpson J Harkavy-Friedman JB Severe D Malaspina T Reich JR DePaulo ES Gershon C Cloninger MT Tsuang SV Faraone AL Ritz G Robinson S Moldin JR Pepple M Miller ES Bowman D Wynne ME Maxwell K Berg JJ Guroff D Kirch 1994 Diagnostic interview for genetic studies (DIGS): rationale, unique features, and training Arch Gen Psychiatry 51 849 859 (Pubitemid 24985906)
40. V Peralta MJ Cuesta JF Serrano 2006 Obstetric complications and neurological abnormalities in neuroleptic-naïve psychotic patients Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 256 407 413 (Pubitemid 44584056)
41. A Rossi S De Cataldo V Di Michele V Manna S Ceccoli P Stratta M Casacchia 1990 Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia Br J Psychiatry 157 735 739 (Pubitemid 20360971)
42. RE Scheffer 2004 Abnormal neurological signs at the onset of psychosis Schizophr Res 70 19 26 (Pubitemid 38916623)
43. J Schroder R Niethammer FJ Geider C Reitz M Binkert M Jauss H Sauer 1991 Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia Schizophr Res 6 25 30
44. T Shibre D Kebede A Alem S Kebreab Z Melaku N Deyassa A Negash A Fekadu D Fekadu G Medhin C Negeri L Jacobsson G Kullgren 2002 Neurological soft signs (NSS) in 200 treatment-naive cases with schizophrenia: a community-based study in a rural setting Nord J Psychiatry 56 425 431 (Pubitemid 36041546)
45. GM Simpson JWS Angus 1970 A rating scale for extra-pyramidal side effects Acta Psychiatr Scand 212 11 19
46. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB (1990) Structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R. American Psychiatric Press, Washington
47. S Tosato P Dazzan 2005 The psychopathology of schizophrenia and the presence of neurological soft signs: a review Curr Opin Psychiatry 18 285 288 (Pubitemid 40586112)
48. World Bank (2005) http://siteresources.worldbank.org
49. AH Yazici D Demir KM Yazici A Gogus 2002 Neurological soft signs in schizophrenic patients and their nonpsychotic siblings Schizophr Res 58 214 216 (Pubitemid 35284515)