The development and validation of the pictorial motivation scale in physical activity

Motivation and Emotion

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 161-172

  Reid, Greg ^a   Vallerand, Robert J ^b   Poulin, Carole ^a   Crocker, Peter ^c  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Intellectual disability; Motivation; Self determination; Validation

Indexed keywords

EID: 67349128972     PISSN: 01467239     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11031-008-9117-x     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Bentler, P. M. (1995). EQS: Structural equations program manual. Encino: Multivariate Software Inc.
2. NN Brière RJ Vallerand NR Blais LG Pelletier 1995 Développment et validation d'une mesure de motivation intrinsique, extrinsique et d'amotivation en contexte sportif: L'Echelle de motivation dans les sports (EMS) [Development and validation of the French form of the sport motivation scale] International Journal of Sport Psychology 26 465 489
3. Bryant, F. B. (2000). Assessing the validity of measurement. In L. G. Grimm & P. R. Yarnold (Eds.), Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics (pp. 99-146). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
4. Bybee, J., & Zigler, E. (1999). Outerdirectedness in individuals with and without mental retardation: A review. In E. Zigler & D. Bennett-Gates (Eds.), Personality development in individuals with mental retardation (pp. 165-205). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5. M Caouette G Reid 1991 Influence of auditory stimulation on the physical work output of adults who are severely retarded Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded 26 43 52
6. Chou, C., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Estimates and tests in structural equation modeling. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 37-55). London: Sage.
7. MW Cohen 1986 Intrinsic motivation in the special education classroom Journal of Learning Disabilities 19 258 261
8. EL Deci 1971 Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 18 105 115 10.1037/h0030644
9. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
10. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dientsbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Vol. 38, perspectives on motivation (pp. 237-288). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
11. EL Deci RM Ryan 2000 The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior Psychological Inquiry 11 227 268 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104-01 (Pubitemid 33216305)
12. CM Frederick RM Ryan 1995 Self-determination in sport: A review using cognitive evaluation theory International Journal of Sport Psychology 26 5 23
13. GC Frey HI Stanish VA Temple 2008 Physical activity of youth with intellectual disability: Review and research agenda Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly; APAQ 25 95 117
14. S Harter 1982 The perceived competence scale for children Child Development 53 87 97 10.2307/1129640
15. Harter, S., & Pike, R. (1981). The pictorial scale of perceived competence and social acceptance for young children. First and second grade plates. Denver: University of Denver.
16. G Hoge J Dattilo 1995 Recreation and participation patterns in adults with and without mental retardation Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities 30 283 298
17. Hoyle, R. H., & Panter, A. T. (1995). Writing about structural equation models. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 158-176). London: Sage.
18. M Kavussanu G Roberts 1996 Motivation in physical activity contexts: The relationship of perceived motivational climate to intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 18 264 280
19. FM Kozub 2003 Explaining physical activity in individuals with mental retardation: An exploratory study Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities 38 302 313
20. F Li P Harmer 1996 Testing the simplex assumption underlying the sport motivation scale: A structure equation modeling analysis Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 67 394 405
21. D Markland V Tobin 2004 A modification of the behavioral regulation in exercise questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 26 191 196 (Pubitemid 38835009)
22. LG Pelletier MS Fortier RJ Vallerand KM Tuscon NM Brière MR Blais 1995 Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The sport motivation scale (SMS) Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 17 35 53
23. LG Pelletier RJ Vallerand I Green-Demers NM Brière MR Blais 1995 Loisirs et santé mentale: Les relations entre la motivation pour la pratique des loisirs et le bien-être psychologique [Leisure and mental health: Relationships between leisure involvement and psychological well-being] Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 27 214 225 10.1037/0008-400X.27.2.140
24. Poulin, C. (1992). A pictorial motivational scale in physical activity for people with a mild intellectual disability. Unpublished master's thesis, McGill University, Montreal.
25. Switzky, H. N. (2001). Personality and motivational self-system processes in persons with mental retardation: Old memories and new perspectives. In H. N. Switzky (Ed.), Personality and motivational differences in persons with mental retardation (pp. 57-143). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
26. VA Temple GC Frey HI Stanish 2006 Physical activity of adults with mental retardation: Review and research agenda American Journal of Health Promotion 21 2 12 (Pubitemid 44353301)
27. DA Ulrich DH Collier 1990 Perceived physical competence in children with mental retardation: Modification of a pictorial scale Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly; APAQ 7 338 354 (Pubitemid 20354587)
28. RJ Vallerand 1989 Vers une méthodologie de validation trans-culturelle de questionnaires psychologiques: Implications pour la recherche en langue française [Toward a cross-cultural methodology to validate psychological instruments: Implications for research in the French language] Canadian Psychology 30 662 680 10.1037/h0079856
29. Vallerand, R. J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 271-360). New York: Academic Press.
30. Vallerand, R. J. (2001). A hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and exercise. In G. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 263-319). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
31. Vallerand, R. J. (2007). A hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for sport and physical activity. In M. S. D. Hagger & N. L. D. Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Self-determination theory in exercise and sport (pp. 255-279). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
32. Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Intrinsic motivation in sport. In K. B. Pandoff (Ed.), Exercise and sport science reviews (pp. 389-425). New York: Macmillian.
33. RJ Vallerand W Halliwell 1983 Vers une méthodologie de validation culturelle de questionnaires psychologiques: Implications pour le psychologie du sport [Toward a methodology of cross-cultural validation of psychological questionnaire: Implications for psychology of sport] Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences 8 9 18
34. RJ Vallerand BP O'Connor 1991 Construction et validation de l'Échelle de Motivation pour les personnes âgées (EMPA) [Construction and validation of the French form of the elderly motivation scale] International Journal of Psychology 26 219 240
35. RJ Vallerand LG Pelletier MR Blais NM Brière C Senécal EF Vallières 1992 The academic motivation scale: A measure of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation in education Educational and Psychological Measurement 52 1003 1019 10.1177/0013164492052004025
36. Vallerand, R. J., & Perreault, S. (1999). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport: Toward a hierarchical model. In R. Lidor & M. Bar-Eli (Eds.), Sport psychology: Linking theory and practice (pp. 191-212). Morgantown: Fitness Information Technology.
37. RJ Vallerand G Reid 1984 On the causal effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation: A test of cognitive evaluation theory Journal of Sport Psychology 6 94 102
38. Vallerand, R. J., & Reid, G. (1990). Motivation and special populations: Theory, research, and implications regarding motor behavior. In G. Reid (Ed.), Problems in movement control (pp. 159-197). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
39. Wehmeyer, M. L. (2001). Self-determination and mental retardation: Assembling the puzzle pieces. In H. N. Switzky (Ed.), Personality and motivational differences in persons with mental retardation (pp. 147-198). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.