Predicting black smoke levels from deposit gauge and SO2 data to estimate long-term exposure in the United Kingdom, 1956-1961

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 43, Issue 21, 2009, Pages 3356-3363

  Hodgson, Susan ^a   Khaw, Fu Meng ^a,b   Pearce, Mark S ^a   Pless Mulloli, Tanja ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Air pollution; Black smoke; Deposit gauge; Exposure assessment; Sulphur dioxide

Indexed keywords

AIR POLLUTANTS; AIR QUALITY DATA; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; BLACK SMOKE; CO-LOCATED; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; GAUGE MONITORS; HARD COPIES; HEALTH EFFECTS; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; LONG-TERM TREND; MIXED MODELS; MONITORING LOCATIONS; MONITORING TECHNIQUES; PARTICULATE MATTER; SEASONAL EFFECTS; SITE SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS; SULPHUR DIOXIDE; UNITED KINGDOM;

AIR QUALITY; DEPOSITS; GAGES; LOCATION; POLLUTION; SMOKE; SULFUR; SULFUR DETERMINATION; SULFUR DIOXIDE;

MONITORING;

SULFUR DIOXIDE;

AIR QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; ESTIMATION METHOD; GAUGE; MEASUREMENT METHOD; PARTICULATE MATTER; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; PREDICTION; SMOKE; SULFUR DIOXIDE;

AIR MONITORING; AIR POLLUTION; AIR QUALITY; AIR QUALITY STANDARD; ARTICLE; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; FORECASTING; GEOGRAPHY; HEALTH HAZARD; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEASONAL VARIATION; SMOKE; UNITED KINGDOM;

EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 67349105616     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.059     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Abbey D.E., Hwang B.L., Burchette R.J., Vancuren T., and Mills P.K. Estimated long-term ambient concentrations of PM10 and development of respiratory symptoms in a nonsmoking population. Archives of Environmental Health 50 2 (1995) 139-152
2. Anderson H.R., Bremner S.A., Atkinson R.W., Harrison R.M., and Walters S. Particulate matter and daily mortality and hospital admissions in the west midlands conurbation of the United Kingdom: associations with fine and coarse particles, black smoke and sulphate. Occupational & Environmental Medicine 58 8 (2001) 504-510
3. Anderson H.R., Atkinson R.W., Peacock J.L., Sweeting M.J., and Marston L. Ambient particulate matter and health effects: publication bias in studies of short-term associations. Epidemiology 16 2 (2005) 155-163
4. Bell M.L., Davis D.L., Gouveia N., Borja-Aburto V.H., and Cifuentes L.A. The avoidable health effects of air pollution in three Latin American cities: Santiago, Sao Paulo, and Mexico City. Environmental Research 100 3 (2006) 431-440
5. Bi X., Feng Y., Wu J., Wang Y., and Zhu T. Source apportionment of PM10 in six cities of northern China. Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 903-912
6. Braga C.F., Teixeira E.C., Meira L., Wiegand F., Yoneama M.L., and Dias J.F. Elemental composition of PM10 and PM2.5 in urban environment in South Brazil. Atmospheric Environment 39 10 (2005) 1801-1815
7. Brimblecombe P. The great smog and after. The Big Smoke: a History of Air Pollution in London since Medieval Times (1987), London Methuen 161-178
8. Brimblecombe P. Monitoring the changes in atmospheric composition. The Big Smoke: a History of Air Pollution in London since Medieval Times (1987), London Methuen 136-160
9. Brunekreef B., and Holgate S.T. Air pollution and health. Lancet 360 9341 (2002) 1233-1242
10. Brunekreef B., Janssen N.A., de Hartog J., Harssema H., Knape M., and van Vliet P. Air pollution from truck traffic and lung function in children living near motorways. Epidemiology 8 3 (1997) 298-303
11. COMEAP, 2006. Cardiovascular Disease and Air Pollution; a Report by the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants.
12. Chow J.C. Measurement methods to determine compliance with ambient air quality standards for suspended particles. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 45 5 (1995) 320-382
13. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Measurement of atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric Pollution Bulletin 14 2 (1946)
14. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1955. The Investigation of Atmospheric Pollution; a Report on Observations in the 10 Years Ended 31st March, 1954.
15. Filleul L., Baldi I., Quenel P., Brochard P., and Tessier J.F. Long-term air pollution indicator assessment: example of black smoke in Bordeaux, France. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 12 3 (2002) 226-231
16. Gotschi T., Oglesby L., Mathys P., Monn C., Manalis N., Koistinen K., et al. Comparison of black smoke and PM2.5 levels in indoor and outdoor environments of four European cities. Environmental Science & Technology 36 6 (2002) 1191-1197
17. Karar K., Gupta A.K., Kumar A., and Biswas A.K. Seasonal variations of PM10 and TSP in residential and industrial sites in an urban area of Kolkata, India. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment 118 1-3 (2006) 369-381
18. Laden F., Schwartz J., Speizer F.E., and Dockery D.W. Reduction in fine particulate air pollution and mortality: extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 173 6 (2006) 667-672
19. Lamont D.W., Parker L., Cohen M.A., White M., Bennett S.M., Unwin N.C., et al. Early life and later determinants of adult disease: a 50 year follow-up study of the Newcastle Thousand Families cohort. Public Health 112 2 (1998) 85-93
20. Le Tertre A., Medina S., Samoli E., Forsberg B., Michelozzi P., Boumghar A., et al. Short-term effects of particulate air pollution on cardiovascular diseases in eight European cities. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 56 10 (2002) 773-779
21. Loader, A., Mooney, D., Coghlan, M., 2004. UK Smoke and Sulphur Dioxide Network 2002. Netcen.
22. McFarland A.R., Ortiz C.A., and Rodes C.E. Wind tunnel evaluation of the British Smoke shade sampler. Atmospheric Environment 16 2 (1982) 325-328
23. Pope C.A., and Dockery D.W. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 56 6 (2006) 709-742
24. Pope C.A., Burnett R.T., Thun M.J., Calle E.E., Krewski D., Ito K., et al. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. Journal of the American Medical Association 287 9 (2002) 1132-1141
25. Roemer W.H., and van Wijnen J.H. Differences among black smoke, PM(10), and PM(1.0) levels at urban measurement sites. Environmental Health Perspectives 109 2 (2001) 151-154
26. Ryan P.H., and LeMasters G.K. A review of land-use regression models for characterizing intraurban air pollution exposure. Inhalation Toxicology 19 Suppl 1 (2007) 127-133
27. Schwartz J., Ballester F., Saez M., Perez-Hoyos S., Bellido J., Cambra K., et al. The concentration-response relation between air pollution and daily deaths. Environmental Health Perspectives 109 10 (2001) 1001-1006
28. Solomon C., Poole J., Jarup L., Palmer K., and Coggon D. Cardio-respiratory morbidity and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 13 4 (2003) 327-335
29. Timonen K.L., Pekkanen J., Tiittanen P., and Salonen R.O. Effects of air pollution on changes in lung function induced by exercise in children with chronic respiratory symptoms. Occupational & Environmental Medicine 59 2 (2002) 129-134
30. UK Air Quality Archive. A Brief History. Available from: (2007). (accessed 15.10.2007)
31. UK Air Quality Archive. Smoke and Sulphur Dioxide Monitoring Network, 1961-2005. Available from: (2007). (accessed 15.10.2007)
32. UK Air Quality Archive. Annual Statistics and Exceedence Statistics, Smoke and Sulphur Dioxide Monitoring Data. Available from: (2007). (accessed 04.06.2008)
33. UK Parliament. Clean Air Act 1956 (1956), UK Parliament
34. Verhoeff A.P., Hoek G., Schwartz J., and van Wijnen J.H. Air pollution and daily mortality in Amsterdam. Epidemiology 7 3 (1996) 225-230
35. van Vliet P., Knape M., de Hartog J., Janssen N., Harssema H., and Brunekreef B. Motor vehicle exhaust and chronic respiratory symptoms in children living near freeways. Environmental Research 74 2 (1997) 122-132
36. Wang X., Ding H., Ryan L., and Xu X. Association between air pollution and low birth weight: a community-based study. Environmental Health Perspectives 105 5 (1997) 514-520