Can structural damage be prevented in ankylosing spondylitis?

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 335-339

  Sieper, Joachim ^a  

^a CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Ankylosing spondylitis; Molecular mechanisms; Structural damage; TNF blockers

Indexed keywords

ADALIMUMAB; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; CELECOXIB; ETANERCEPT; INFLIXIMAB; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PHENYLBUTAZONE; STROMELYSIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITOR; ZOLEDRONIC ACID;

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; ARTHRITIS; BONE GROWTH; BONE INJURY; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; FRACTURE; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OSSIFICATION; OSTEOBLAST; OSTEOLYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIODIAGNOSIS; REVIEW; SPINE RADIOGRAPHY; SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VERTEBRA FRACTURE;

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; OSTEITIS; OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOGENESIS; SPINE; SPONDYLITIS, ANKYLOSING; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 67149083194     PISSN: 10408711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32832c668a     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. Landewe R, Dougados M, Mielants H, et al. Physical function in ankylosing spondylitis is independently determined by both disease activity and radiographic damage of the spine. Ann Rheum Dis 2008. [Epub ahead of print]
2. Zochling J, van der Heijde D, Burgos-Vargas R, et al. ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:442-452.
3. Braun J, Sieper J. Ankylosing spondylitis. Lancet 2007; 369:1379-1390. (Pubitemid 46590387)
4. Wanders AJ, Landewe RB, Spoorenberg A, et al. What is the most appropriate radiologic scoring method for ankylosing spondylitis? A comparison of the available methods based on the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials filter. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50:2622-2632. (Pubitemid 39062724)
5. Vosse D, Landewe R, van der Heijde D, et al. Ankylosing spondylitis and the risk of fracture: results from a large primary care-based nested case control study. Ann Rheum Dis 2008. [Epub ahead of print]
6. Wanders A, Heijde D, Landewe R, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52:1756-1765.
7. Boersma JW. Retardation of ossification of the lumbar vertebral column in ankylosing spondylitis by means of phenylbutazone. Scand J Rheumatol 1976; 5:60-64.
8. Krischak GD, Augat P, Blakytny R, et al. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac reduces appearance of osteoblasts in bone defect healing in rats. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2007; 127:453-458.
9. Bonewald LF, Johnson ML. Osteocytes, mechanosensing and Wnt signaling. Bone 2008; 42:606-615. This study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms and control of new bone formation.
10. Krischak GD, Augat P, Sorg T, et al. Effects of diclofenac on periosteal callus maturation in osteotomy healing in an animal model. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2007; 127:3-9.
11. van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Einstein S, et al. Radiographic progression of ankylosing spondylitis after up to two years of treatment with etanercept. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58:1324-1331. First study showing that TNF-blockers do not inhibit growth of syndesmophytes in comparison with a historical control group.
12. van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Baraliakos X, et al. Radiographic findings following two years of infliximab therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58:3063-3070. Comfirmation that also infliximab, similar to entanercept, does not inhibit new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis over 2 years.
13. Van der Heide D, Landewe R, Maksymowych WP, et al. Adalimumab therapy for ankylosing spondylitis over 2 years does not demonstrate inhibition of radiographic progression compared with a historical control group. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58 (Supplement):S413; abstract 670.
14. Sieper J, Appel H, Braun J, Rudwaleit M. Critical appraisal of assessment of structural damage in ankylosing spondylitis: implications for treatment outcomes. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58:649-656. Discussion of the possible events leading to structural damage in ankylosing spondylitis. It is proposed that inflammation always precedes new bone formation (structural damage).
15. Baraliakos X, Listing J, Rudwaleit M, et al. The relationship between inflammation and new bone formation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R104. First study investigating the link between inflammation in the spine and subsequent new bone formation.
16. Maksymowych WP, Chiowchanwisawakit P, Clare T, et al. Inflammatory lesions of the spine on magnetic resonance imaging predict the development of new syndesmophytes in ankylosing spondylitis: evidence of a relationship between inflammation and new bone formation. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 60:93-102. These authors describe the association of inflammation on MRI before and after treatment with a TNF-blocker with the growth of syndesmophytes after 2 years. These data indicate that there is a link between inflammation and new bone formation.
17. Kim NR, Choi JY, Hong SH, et al. "MR corner sign": value for predicting presence of ankylosing spondylitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008; 191:124-128.
18. Braun J, Baraliakos X, Golder W, et al. Analysing chronic spinal changes in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic comparison of conventional x rays with magnetic resonance imaging using established and new scoring systems. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:1046-1055.
19. Lambert RG, Clare T, Maksymowych WP. Post-inflammatory focal fat lesions in the spine of patients with AS predict development of new syndesmophytes. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58 (Suppl):S356; abstract 513.
20. McGonagle D, Wakefield RJ, Tan AL, et al. Distinct topography of erosion and new bone formation in achilles tendon enthesitis: Implications for understanding the link between inflammation and bone formation in spondylarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58:2694-2699. Investigating the link between erosions and new bone formation at the Achilles enthesis in patients with spondylarthritis.
21. Lories RJ, Derese I, Luyten FP. Inhibition of osteoclasts does not prevent joint ankylosis in a mouse model of spondylarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:605-608. (Pubitemid 351619197)
22. Lories RJU, Derese I, Deroose C, et al. Joint ankylosis in remodeling arthritis is independent of tumor necrosis factor. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65 (Supplement 11):69; OP0050.
23. Diarra D, Stolina M, Polzer K, et al. Dickkopf-1 is a master regulator of joint remodeling. Nat Med 2007; 13:156-163. (Pubitemid 46245765)
24. Poole KE, van Bezooijen RL, Loveridge N, et al. Sclerostin is a delayed secreted product of osteocytes that inhibits bone formation. Faseb J 2005; 19:1842-1844. (Pubitemid 41598769)
25. Lories RJ, Derese I, Luyten FP. Modulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling inhibits the onset and progression of ankylosing enthesitis. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:1571-1579. (Pubitemid 40814665)
26. Appel H, Janssen L, Listing J, et al. Serum levels of biomarkers of bone and cartilage destruction and new bone formation in different cohorts of patients with axial spondylarthritis with and without tumor necrosis factor-alpha blocker treatment. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R125. Evidence that suppression of inflammation stimulates new bone formation, by analysis of serum bone biomarkers.
27. Woo JH, Lee HJ, Sung IH, Kim TH. Changes of clinical response and bone biochemical markers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis taking etanercept. J Rheumatol 2007; 34:1753-1759. (Pubitemid 47267621)
28. Visvanathan S, van der Heijde D, Deodhar A, et al. Effects of infliximab on markers of inflammation and bone turnover and associations with bone mineral density in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68:175-182. Showing that BAP as a marker of new bone formation goes up if inflammation is successfully treated.
29. Vosse D, Landewe R, Garnero P, et al. Association of markers of bone- and cartilage-degradation with radiological changes at baseline and after 2 years follow-up in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:1219-1222. A biomarker of cartilage destruction correlates best with the growth of syndesmophytes, suggesting some link between inflammation and new bone formation.
30. Maksymowych WP, Rahman P, Shojania K, et al. Beneficial effects of adalimumab on biomarkers reflecting structural damage in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 2008; 35:2030-2037.