Is H9N2 avian influenza virus a pandemic potential?

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2009, Pages

  Alexander, Paul E ^a   De, Prithwish ^b   Rave, Supriya ^c  

^a WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^b Epidemiologic Management and Consulting   (Canada)

^c HEALTH CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AVIAN INFLUENZA; INFLUENZA VIRUS A H9N2; LETTER; PANDEMIC; VIRUS ISOLATION; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 66949166002     PISSN: 17129532     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2009/578179     Document Type: Letter

References (20)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Questions and answers about influenza A(H1N2) viruses. 〈http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/h1n2qa. htm#1〉 (Version current at August 18, 2008).
2. World Health Organization. Influenza. 〈http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/index.html〉 (Version current at August 7, 2008).
3. Manzoor R, Sakoda Y, Sakabe S, et al. Development of a pen-site test kit for the rapid diagnosis of H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza. J Vet Med Sci 2008;70:557-562 (Pubitemid 352008822)
4. Wang J, Vijaykrishna D, Duan L, et al. Identification of the progenitors of Indonesian and Vietnamese avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses from southern China. J Virol 2008;82:3405-3414
5. Hossain MJ, Hickman D, Perez DR. Evidence of expanded host range and mammalian-associated genetic changes in a duck H9N2 influenza virus following adaptation in quail and chickens. PLoS ONE 2008;3:e3170.
6. Kim JA, Cho SH, Kim HS, Seo SH. H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Korean live bird markets continuously evolve and cause the severe clinical signs in layers. Vet Microbiol 2006;118:169-176 (Pubitemid 44750493)
7. Alexander DJ. An overview of the epidemiology of avian influenza. Vaccine 2007;25:5637-5644 (Pubitemid 47031360)
8. Alexander DJ. Summary of avian influenza activity in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australasia, 2002-2006. Avian Dis 2007;51:161-166
9. Wan H, Sorrell EM, Song H, et al. Replication and transmission of H9N2 influenza viruses in ferrets: Evaluation of pandemic potential. PLoS ONE 2008;3:e2923.
10. Cong YL, Pu J, Liu QF, et al. Antigenic and genetic characterization of H9N2 swine influenza viruses in China. J Gen Virol 2007;88:2035-2041 (Pubitemid 47009946)
11. Cong YL, Wang CF, Yan CM, Peng JS, Jiang ZL, Liu JH. Swine infection with H9N2 influenza viruses in China in 2004. Virus Genes 2008;36:461-469
12. Yu H, Hua RH, Wei TC, et al. Isolation and genetic characterization of avian origin H9N2 influenza viruses from pigs in China. Vet Microbiol 2008;131:82-92.
13. Peiris JS, Guan Y, Markwell D, Ghose P, Webster RG, Shortridge KF. Co-circulation of avian H9N2 and contemporary "human" H3N2 influenza A viruses in pigs in southeastern China: Potential for genetic reassortment? J Virol 2001;75:9679-9686
14. Choi YK, Ozaki H, Webby RJ, et al. Continuing evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses in Southeastern China. J Virol 2004;78:8609-8614 (Pubitemid 39025127)
15. Lin YP, Shaw M, Gregory V, et al. Avian-to-human transmission of H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses: Relationship between H9N2 and H5N1 human isolates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:9654-9658 (Pubitemid 30650831)
16. Butt KM, Smith GJ, Chen H, et al. Human infection with an avian H9N2 influenza A virus in Hong Kong in 2003. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:5760-5767
17. Wan H, Perez DR. Amino acid 226 in the hemagglutinin of H9N2 influenza viruses determines cell tropism and replication in human airway epithelial cells. J Virol 2007;81:5181-5191 (Pubitemid 46744428)
18. Matrosovich MN, Krauss S, Webster RG. H9N2 influenza A viruses from poultry in Asia have human virus-like receptor specificity. Virology 2001;281:156-162 (Pubitemid 32881133)
19. Cameron KR, Gregory V, Banks J, et al. H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses in poultry in Pakistan are closely related to the H9N2 viruses responsible for human infection in Hong Kong. Virology 2000;278:36-41. (Pubitemid 32002591)
20. Hall JS, Bentler KT, Landolt G, et al. Influenza infection in wild raccoons. Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14:1842-1848