A short, biased history of triggered activity

Hellenic Journal of Cardiology

Volumn 50, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 170-178

  Rosen, Michael R ^a,b  

^a Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain   (United States)

^b Howard Hughes Medical Institute   (United States)

Author keywords

Afterdepolarizations; Atrial and ventricular tachycardias; Triggered arrhythmias

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM ION; DIGITALIS; SODIUM ION;

AFTERDISCHARGE; AMPLITUDE MODULATION; ARRHYTHMOGENESIS; CALCIUM CELL LEVEL; CALCIUM TRANSPORT; CAREER; DIGITALIS INTOXICATION; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART AUTOMATICITY; HEART DEPOLARIZATION; HEART INNERVATION; HEART MUSCLE POTENTIAL; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; LABORATORY TEST; MEDICAL EDUCATION; NONHUMAN; PURKINJE CELL; REENTRY TACHYCARDIA; REVIEW; TACHYCARDIA;

ANIMALS; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC TECHNIQUES, CARDIAC; HEART CONDUCTION SYSTEM; HUMANS; TACHYCARDIA;

EID: 66949148396     PISSN: 10117970     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Wellens HJJ. Value and limitations of programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in the study and treatment of tachycardias. Circulation. 1978; 57: 845-853. (Pubitemid 8339822)
2. Rosen MR, Gelband H, Hoffman BF. Correlation between effects of ouabain on the canine ECG and transmembrane potentials of isolated Purkinje fibers. Circulation. 1973; 47: 65-71.
3. Rosen M, Gelband H, Merker C, Hoffman BF. Mechanisms of digitalis toxicity: Effects of ouabain on phase four of Purkinje fiber transmembrane potentials. Circulation. 1973; 47: 681-689.
4. Rosen M, Gelband H. Effects of ouabain on canine Purkinje fibers in situ and perfused with blood. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1973; 186: 336-372.
5. Rosen M, Gelband H, Hoffman BF. Effects of blood perfusion on electrophysiologic properties of isolated canine Purkinje fibers. Circ Res. 1972; 30: 575-588.
6. Lown B. Electrical stimulation to estimate the degree of digitalization. Am J Cardiol. 1968; 22: 251-259.
7. Lown B, Cannon RL, Rossi MA. Electrical stimulation and digitalis drugs: Repetitive response in diastole. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1967; 126: 628-701.
8. Ferrier GR, Moe GI. Effect of calcium on acetylstrophanthidin induced transient depolarizations in canine Purkinje tissue. Circ Res. 1973; 33: 508-515.
9. Ferrier GR, Saunders JH, Mendez C. A cellular mechanism for the generation of ventricular arrhythmias by acetylstrophanthidin. Circ Res. 1973; 32: 600-689.
10. Hashimoto K, Moe GK. Transient depolarizations induced by acetylstrophanthidin in specialized tissue of dog atrium and ventricle. Circ Res. 1973; 32: 618-624.
11. Ferrier GR. Digitalis arrhythmias: role of oscillatory afterpotentials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1977; 19: 459-474. (Pubitemid 8101966)
12. Cranefield PF. Action potentials, afterpotentials, and arrhythmias. Circ Res. 1977; 41: 415-423. (Pubitemid 8197838)
13. Wit AL, Cranefield PF. Triggered activity in cardiac muscle fibers of the simian mitral valve. Circ Res. 1976; 38: 85-98.
14. Wit AL, Cranefield PF. Triggered and automatic activity in the canine coronary sinus. Circ Res. 1977; 41: 435-445. (Pubitemid 8197841)
15. Cranefield PF, Aronson RW. Cardiac Arrhythmias: The Role of Triggered Activity and Other Mechanisms. Mount Kisco, New York: Futura; 1988.
16. Cranefield PF. The Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse: The Slow Response and Cardiac Arrhythmias. Mount Kisco, New York: Futura; 1975.
17. Rosen MR, Danilo P. Effects of tetrodotoxin, lidocaine, verapamil and AHR-2666 on ouabain-induced delayed afterdepolarizations in canine Purkinje fibers. Circ Res. 1980; 46: 117-124. (Pubitemid 10199445)
18. Colquhoun D, Neher E, Reuter H, Stevens CF. Inward current channels activated by intracellular Ca in cultured cardiac cells. Nature. 1981; 294: 752-754. (Pubitemid 12174445)
19. Karagueuzian HS, Katzung BG. Voltage-clamp studies of transient inward current and mechanical oscillations induced by ouabain in ferret papillary muscle. J Physiol (London). 1982; 327: 255-271. (Pubitemid 12086449)
20. Arlock P, Katzung BG. Effects of sodium substitutes on transient inward current and tension in guinea-pig and ferret papillary muscle. J Physiol (London). 1985; 360: 105-120. (Pubitemid 15133986)
21. Akera T, Brody TM. The role of Na+, K+ ATPase in the inotropic action of digitalis. Pharmacol Rev. 1977; 29: 187-220.
22. Nathan D, Beeler GW Jr. Electrophysiologic correlates of the inotropic effects of isoproterenol in canine myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1975; 7: 1-15.
23. Dangman KH, Danilo P Jr, Hordof AJ, Mary-Rabine L, Reder RF, Rosen MR. Electrophysiologic characteristics of human ventricular and Purkinje fibers. Circulation. 1982; 65: 362-368. (Pubitemid 12219032)
24. Reuter H. Localization of beta adrenergic receptors and effects of noradrenaline and cyclic nucleotides on action potentials, ionic currents and tension in mammalian cardiac muscle. J Physiol (London). 1974; 242: 429-451.
25. Wit AL, Cranefield PF, Gadsby DC. Triggered activity. In: Zipes DP, Bailey JC, Elharrar V, editors. The Slow Inward Current and Cardiac Arrhythmias. The Hague: Nijhoff. 1980; p. 437-454.
26. Patterson E, Jackman WM, Beckman KJ, et al. Spontaneous pulmonary vein firing in man: relationship to tachycardiapause early afterdepolarizations and triggered arrhythmia in canine pulmonary veins in vitro. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2007; 18: 1067-1075. (Pubitemid 47416568)
27. Saito T, Otoguro M, Matsubara T. Electrophysiological studies on the mechanism of electrically induced sustained rhythmic activity in the rabbit right atrium. Circ Res. 1978; 42: 199-206. (Pubitemid 8278068)
28. Aronson RS. Afterpotentials and triggered activity in hypertrophied myocardium from rats with renal hypertension. Circ Res. 1981; 48: 720-727. (Pubitemid 11113098)
29. Mary-Rabine L, Hordof AJ, Danilo P Jr, Malm JR, Rosen MR. Mechanisms for impulse initiation in isolated human atrial fibers. Circ Res. 1980; 47: 267-277. (Pubitemid 10056055)
30. El-Sherif N, Gough WB, Zeiler RH, Mehra R. Triggered ventricular rhythm in 1-day-old myocardial infarction in the dog. Circ Res. 1983; 52: 566-579.
31. LeMarec H, Spinelli W, Rosen MR. Effects of doxorubicin on ventricular tachycardia in conscious dogs. Circulation. 1986; 74: 881-889. (Pubitemid 16007205)
32. Eisner DA, Lederer WJ. Inotropic and arrhythmogenic effects of potassium-depleted solutions on mammalian cardiac muscle. J Physiol (London). 1979; 294: 255-277. (Pubitemid 10233574)
33. Kass RS, Tsien RW, Weingart R. Ionic basis of transient inward current induced by strophanthidin in cardiac Purkinje fibres. J Physiol (London). 1978; 281: 209-226. (Pubitemid 9015881)
34. Kass RS, Lederer WJ, Tsien RW, Weingart R. Role of calcium ions in transient inward currents and aftercontractions induced by strophanthidin in cardiac Purkinje fibres. J Physiol (London). 1978; 281: 187-208. (Pubitemid 9015880)
35. Vassalle M, Mugelli A. An oscillatory current in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers. Circ Res. 1981; 48: 618-631. (Pubitemid 11113087)
36. Karagueuzian HS, Katzung BG. Voltage-clamp studies of transient inward current and mechanical oscillations induced by ouabain in ferret papillary muscle. J Physiol (London). 1982; 327: 255-271. (Pubitemid 12086449)
37. Tseng G-N, Wit AL. Characteristics of a transient inward current causing catecholamine induced triggered atrial tachycardia. Circulation. 1984; 70 (Suppl. II): 221.
38. Reuter H. The dependence of slow inward current in Purkinje fibres on the extracellular calcium-concentration. J Physiol (London). 1967; 192: 479-492.
39. DiFrancesco D. A new interpretation of the pacemaker current in calf Purkinje fibers. J Physiol (London). 1981; 314: 359-376. (Pubitemid 11125815)
40. Tsien RW, Kass RS, Weingart R. Cellular and subcellular mechanisms of cardiac pacemaker oscillations. J Exp Biol. 1979; 81: 205-215.
41. Ter Keurs HEDJ, Boyden PA. Ca2+ and arrhythmias. In: Spooner PM, Rosen MR, editors. Foundations of Cardiac Arrhythmias. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 2001. p. 300.
42. Henning B, Wit AL. The time course of action potential repolarization affects delayed afterdepolarization amplitude in atrial fibers of the canine coronary sinus. Circ Res. 1984; 55: 110-115. (Pubitemid 14098755)
43. Ferrier GR. Effects of transmembrane potential on afterpotentials induced by acetylstrophanthidin in canine ventricular tissues. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1980; 215: 332-341. (Pubitemid 11251454)
44. Rosen MR, Fisch C, Hoffman BF, Danilo P, Lovelace DE, Knoebel SB. Can accelerated atrioventricular junctional escape rhythms be explained by delayed afterdepolarizations? Am J Cardiol. 1980; 45: 1272-1284.
45. Wit AL, Cranefield PF, Gadsby DC. Electrogenic sodium extrusion can stop triggered activity in the canine coronary sinus. Circ Res. 1981; 49: 1029-1042. (Pubitemid 11030020)
46. Kline RP, Siegal MS, Kupersmith J, Wit AL. Effects of strophanthidin on changes in extracellular potassium during triggered activity in the arrhythmic canine coronary sinus. Circulation. 1982; 66 (Suppl 2): 356.
47. Kline RP, Morad M. Potassium efflux in heart muscle during activity: Extracellular accumulation and its implications. J Physiol. 1978; 280: 537-538. (Pubitemid 8390108)
48. Rosen MR, Reder RF. Does triggered activity have a role in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias? Ann Intern Med. 1981; 94: 794-801.
49. Malfatto G, Rosen TS, Rosen MR. The response to overdrive pacing of triggered atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in the canine heart. Circulation. 1988; 77: 1139-1148. (Pubitemid 18124648)
50. Sung RJ, Shapiro WA, Shen EN, Morady F, Davis J. Effects of verapamil on ventricular tachycardias possibly caused by reentry, automaticity, and triggered activity. J Clin Invest. 1983; 72: 350-360.
51. Moak JP, Rosen MR. Induction and termination of triggered activity by pacing in isolated canine Purkinje fibers. Circulation. 1984; 69: 149-162. (Pubitemid 14215874)
52. Johnson N, Rosen M. The distinction between triggered activity and other cardiac arrhythmias. In: Brugada P, Wellens HJJ, editors. Cardiac Arrhythmias: Where to Go from Here? Mount Kisco, NY: Futura; 1987. p. 129-145.
53. Knoebel SB, Fisch C. Accelerated junctional escape. A clinical and electrocardiographic study. Circulation. 1974; 50: 151-158.
54. Wit AL, Rosen MR. Afterdepolarizations and triggered activity. In: Fozzard H, Haber E, Jennings R, Katz A, Morgan H, editors. New York: Raven Press; 1986. p. 1449-1491.
55. Waldo AL, Henthorn RW, Plumb VJ, Maclean WA. Demonstration of the mechanism of transient entrainment and interruption of ventricular tachycardias with rapid atrial pacing. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984; 3: 422-430. (Pubitemid 14188484)
56. Waldo AL, Maclean WA, Karp RB, Kouchoukos NT, James TN. Entrainment and interruption of atrial flutter with atrial pacing. Circulation. 1977; 56: 737-745.
57. Waldo AL, Plumb VJ, Arciniegas JG, et al. Transient entrainment and interruption of the atrioventricular bypass pathway type of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Circulation. 1983; 67: 73-83.
58. Scherf D, Schott A. Extrasystoles and Allied Arrhythmias. Heinemann, Chicago; 1973.
59. Bozler E. The initiation of impulses in cardiac muscle. Am J Physiol. 1943; 138: 273-282.
60. Segers M. Le battement auto-entretenu du coeur. Arch Int Pharmacodyn. 1947; 75: 144-156.
61. Wittenberg SM, Streuli F, Klocke FJ. Acceleration of ventricular pacemakers by transient increases in heart rate in dogs during ouabain administration. Circ Res. 1970; 26: 705-716.
62. Hogan PM, Wittenberg SM, Klocke FJ. Relationship of stimulation frequency to automaticity in the canine Purkinje fiber during ouabain administration. Circ Res. 1973; 32: 377-383.
63. Temte JV, Davis LD. Effect of calcium concentration on the transmembrane potentials of Purkinje fibers. Circ Res. 1967; 20: 32-44.
64. Davis LD. Effects of changes in cycle length on diastolic depolarization produced by ouabain in canine Purkinje fibers. Circ Res. 1973; 32: 206-214.
65. Anderson GJ, Swartz J. Triggered automaticity in canine myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol. 1983; 2: 445-447. (Pubitemid 13180722)
66. Goren C, Santucci BA, Bucheleres HG, Denes P. Chronic recurrent ectopic junctional tachycardia resembling triggered automaticity in mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Am Heart J. 1981; 101: 504-507. (Pubitemid 11151016)
67. Cranefield PF. Does spontaneous activity arise from phase 4 depolarization or from triggering? In: Bonke FIM, editor. The Sinus Node: Structure, Function and Clinical Relevance. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff; 1978. p. 347-356.
68. Lakatta EG, Vinogradova TM, Maltsev VA. The missing link in the mystery of normal automaticity of cardiac pacemaker cells. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2008; 1123: 41-57.
69. Maltsev VA, Lakatta EG. Dynamic interactions of an intracellular Ca2+ clock and membrane ion channel clock underlie robust initiation and regulation of cardiac pacemaker function. Cardiovasc Res. 2008; 77: 274-284. (Pubitemid 351197645)
70. Biel M, Schneider A, Wahl C. Cardiac HCN channels: structure, function and modulation. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2002; 12: 206-212. (Pubitemid 34823630)