The EU Framework Decision for Victims of Crime: Does Hard Law Make a Difference?

European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 43-59

  Groenhuijsen, M S ^a   Pemberton, A ^a  

^a TILBURG UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 66749190609     PISSN: 09289569     EISSN: 15718174     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/157181709X400386     Document Type: Review

References (19)

1. 2001/220/JHA.
2. Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, GA Res. 40/34 of 29 November 1985; Recommendation (1985)11 on the Position of the Victim in the Framework of Criminal Law and Procedure, 28 June 1985; and of later date than the Framework Decision Recommendation (2006)8 on Assistance to Crime Victims, 14 June 2006.
3. See for Grodin's role, as well as those of the Portuguese and French governments in the development of the Framework Decision, P. Rock, Constructing Victims' Rights; The Home Ofce, New Labour, and Victims (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2004) 513.
4. See M.S. Groenhuijsen, "Hervorming van het strafprocesrecht met het oog op belangen van het slachtofer; 'We ain't seen nothing yet'", (2001) Delikt en delinkwent 645-653
5. See W. van Genugten, M.S. Groenhuijsen, R. van Gestel, & R.M. Letschert, "Loopholes, Risks, Ambivalences in International Lawmaking: The Case of the Framework Convention on Victims' Rights", (2006) Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 37, 109-154, and also D. Shelton, "Introduction, Law, Non-law and the Problem of 'Soft-law'", in D. Shelton (ed.), Commitment and Compliance; the Role of Non-Binding Norms in the International Legal System (Oxford, Oxford University Press).
6. Compare M.S. Groenhuijsen, "De kaderbesluiten van de Europese Unie op het gebied van het strafrecht; stand van zaken en een blik op de toekomst", in M.J. Borgers et al. (eds.), 2006, p. 225-241
7. See M.E.I. Brienen, E.H. Hoegen, Victims of Crime in 22 European Criminal Justice Systems (Nijmegen, Wolf Legal Publishers, 2000) 995-1055. J.J.M Van Dijk, R. Manchin, J. van Kesteren, et al., The Burden of Crime in the EU (Brussels, Gallup Europe, 2007).
8. E.g., M.J. Borgers, F.G.H. Kristen, et al., Implementatie van kaderbesluiten (Nijmegen, Wolf Legal Publishers, 2006).
9. Following a restructuring of the organization the EFVS renamed herself Victim Support Europe from October 2007 onward.
10. We are indebted to the EFVS and in particular those responsible for flling out the questionnaires for their cooperation. We received answers from Portugal, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, the Netherlands, Finland, Scotland, Belgium, Austria, England and Wales, Malta and Serbia.
11. The questionnaire is available from the second author on request.
12. D. Miers, J. Willemsens (eds.), Mapping Restorative Justice; Developments in 25 European Countries (Leuven, European Forum for Restorative Justice, 2004) 178. See also J. Willemsens, & L. Walgrave, "Regional Reviews: C: Europe", in G. Johnstone, & D.W. van Ness, (eds.), Handbook of Restorative Justice (Cullumpton, Willan Publishing, 2007).
13. See J. Shapland, P. Duf & J. Wilmore, Victims in the Criminal Justice System (Aldershot, Gower, 1985). J.J.M. Wemmers, Victims in the Criminal Justice System (The Hague, Kugler/WODC, 1996).
14. See, e.g., M. Reisig & R. Parks, Satisfaction with Police: What Matters? (Washington, DC, National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, 2002); W. Skogan, "Citizen Satisfaction with Police Encounters" (2005) Police Quarterly, 8(3) 298-321;
15. T. Tyler, "Enhancing Police Legitimacy" (2004) Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science, 593, 84-99.
16. J.J.M. van Dijk & M.S. Groenhuijsen, "Benchmarking Victim Policies in the Framework of European Union Law", in S.Walklate (ed.), Handbook of Victims and Victimology (Cullumpton, Willan Publishing, 2007).
17. See van Dijk, Manchin et al., The Burden of Crime in the EU (Brussels, Gallup Europe, 2007).
18. See J. van Kesteren, P. Mayhew and P. Nieuwbeerta, Criminal Victimization in Seventeen Industrialized Countries (Ministry of Justice, The Netherlands, 2000).
19. M.S. Groenhuijsen, R.M. Letschert, "Refections on the Development and Legal Status of Victims' Rights Instruments", in M.S. Groenhuijsen, R.M. Letschert (eds.), Compilation of International Victims' Rights Instruments (Nijmegen, Wolf Legal Publishers, 2006).