Diabetes and postural stability: Review and hypotheses

Journal of Motor Behavior

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 172-192

  Bonnet, Cédrick ^a   Carello, Claudia ^b   Turvey, M T ^b  

^a AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

Diabetes complications; Information integration; Neuropathy; Noise; Postural strategies

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY; BALANCE DISORDER; BIOMECHANICS; BODY EQUILIBRIUM; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; MOTOR NEUROPATHY; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; REVIEW; SENSORY NEUROPATHY; TASK PERFORMANCE; VISUOMOTOR COORDINATION;

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; BIOMECHANICS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; DIABETES COMPLICATIONS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; FOOT DEFORMITIES, ACQUIRED; HUMANS; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVES; POSTURAL BALANCE; SENSATION DISORDERS; SENSORY RECEPTOR CELLS;

EID: 66749147745     PISSN: 00222895     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3200/JMBR.41.2.172-192     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Abbruzzese, G., Schenone, A., Scramuzza, G., Caponnetoo, C., Gasparetto, B., Adezati, L., et al. (1993). Impairment of central motor conduction in diabetic patients. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 89, 335-340.
2. Ahmed, A. M. (2002). History of diabetes mellitus. Saudi Medical Journal, 23, 373-378.
3. Ahmmed, A. U., & Mackenzie, I. J. (2003). Posture changes in diabetes mellitus. Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 117, 358-364.
4. American Diabetes Association. (1988). Report and recommendations of the San Antonio Consensus Conference on diabetic neuropathy [Consensus Statement]. Diabetes Care, 11, 592-597.
5. American Diabetes Association. (2003). Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2002. Diabetes Care, 26, 917-932.
6. Balasubramaniam, R., Riley, M. A., & Turvey, M. T. (2000). Specificity of postural sway to the demands of a precision task. Gait and Posture, 11, 12-24.
7. Bardy, B. G. (2004). Postural coordination dynamics in standing humans. In V. K. Jirsa & J. A. S. Kelso (Eds.), Coordination dynamics: Issues and trends (pp. 103-121). New York: Springer Verlag.
8. Bergin, P. S., Bronstein, A. M., Murray, N. M. F., Sancovic, S., & Zeppenfeld, K. (1995). Body sway and vibration perception thresholds in normal aging and in patients with polyneuropa-thy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 58, 335-340.
9. Bloom, S., Till, S., Sonksen, P., & Smith, S. (1984). Use of a bioth-esiometer to measure individual vibration thresholds and their variation in 519 non-diabetic subjects. British Medical Journal, 288, 1793-1795.
10. Boucher, P., Teasdale, N., Courtemanche, R., Bard, C., & Fleury, M. (1995). Postural stability in diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care, 18, 638-645.
11. Brownlee, M., Cerami, A., & Vlassara, H. (1988). Advanced gly-cosylation end products in tissue and the biochemical basis of diabetic complications. New England Journal of Medicine, 318, 1315-1323.
12. Burton, G. (1993). Behavioral relics and animal-environment mutualism: Response to Coss (1991). Ecological Psychology, 5, 153-169.
13. Campbell, A. J., Borrie, M. J., & Spears, G. F. (1989). Risk factors for falls in a community-based prospective study of people 70 years and older. Journal of Gerontology, 44, M112-M117.
14. Carello, C., Fitzpatrick, P., & Turvey, M. T. (1992). Haptic probing: Perceiving the length of a probe and the distance of a surface probed. Perception and Psychophysics, 51, 580-598.
15. Carello, C., Kinsella-Shaw, J., Amazeen, E. L., & Turvey, M. T. (2006). Peripheral neuropathy and object length perception by effortful (dynamic) touch: A case study. Neuroscience Letters, 405, 159-163.
16. Carello, C., Silva, P., & Turvey, M. T. (2008). Implications of research on dynamic touch for rehabilitation. Manuscript submitted for publication.
17. Carello, C., & Turvey, M. T. (2004). Physics and psychology of the muscle sense. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 25-28.
18. Cavanagh, P. R., Derr, J. A., Ulbrecht, J. S., Maser, R. E., & Orchard, T. J. (1992). Problems with gait and posture in neuropathic patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Medicine, 9, 469-474.
19. Cavanagh, P. R., Simoneau, G. G., & Ulbrecht, J. S. (1993). Ulceration, unsteadiness, and uncertainty: The biomechanical consequences of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Biomechanics, 26(Suppl. 1), 23-40.
20. Centomo, H., Termoz, N., Savoir, S., Beliveau, L., & Prince, F. (2007). Postural control following a self-initiated reaching task in type 2 diabetic patients and age-related matched controls. Gait and Posture, 25, 509-514.
21. Cimbiz, A., & Cakir, O. (2005). Evaluation of balance and physical fitness in diabetic neuropathic patients. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 19, 160-164.
22. Collins, J. J., Imhoff, T. T., & Grigg, P. (1997). Noise-mediated enhancements and. decrements in human tactile sensation. Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 56, 923-926.
23. Corriveau, H., Prince, F., Hebert, R., Raiche, M., Tessier, D., Maheuz, P. , et al. (2000). Evaluation of postural stability in elderly with diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 23, 1187-1191.
24. de Wit, G. (1972). Optic versus vestibular and proprioceptive impulses, measured by posturometry. Agressologie, 13(Suppl. B), 75-79.
25. Delbridge, L., Ellis, C. S., & Robertson, K. (1985). Nonenzymatic glycosylation of keratin from the stratum corneum of the diabetic foot. British Journal of Dermatology, 112, 547-554.
26. Dickstein, R., Peterka, R. J., & Horak, F. B. (2003). Effects of light fingertip touch on postural responses in subjects with diabetic neuropathy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 74, 620-626.
27. Dickstein, R., Shupert, C. L., & Horak, F. B. (2001). Fingertip touch improves postural stability in patients with peripheral neuropathy. Gait and Posture, 14, 238-247.
28. Diener, H. C., Horak, F. B., & Nashner, L. M. (1988). Influence of stimulus parameters on human postural control. Journal of Neurophysiology, 59, 1888-1905.
29. Di Nardo, W. M., Ghirlanda, G. M., Cercone, S., Pitocco, D., Soponara, C., Cosenza, A., et al. (1999). The use of dynamic posturography to detect neurosensorial disorder in IDDM without clinical neuropathy. Journal of Diabetic Complications, 13, 79-85.
30. Donofrio, P. D., & Albers, J. W. (1990). AAEM minimonograph #34: Polyneuropathy - Classification by nerve conduction studies and electromyography. Muscles and Nerves, 13, 889-893.
31. Duarte, M., & Zatsiorsky, V. M. (2002). Effects of body lean and visual information on the equilibrium maintenance during stance. Experimental Brain Research, 146, 60-69.
32. Dyck, P. J. (1988). Detection, characterization, and staging of poly neuropathy: Assessed in diabetics. Muscle Nerve, 11, 21-32.
33. Dyck, P. J., Melton, L. J., III, O'Brien, P. C., & Service, F. J. (1997). Approaches to improve epidemiological studies of diabetic neuropathy: Insights from the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study. Diabetes, 46(Suppl. 2), 5-8.
34. Dyck, P. J., Sherman, W. R., Hallcher, L. M., Service, F. J., O'Brien, P. C., Grina, L. A., et al. (1980). Human diabetic endoneurial sorbitol, fructose, and myo-inositol related to sural nerve morphometry. Annals of Neurology, 8, 590-596.
35. Edwards, A. S. (1946). Body sway and vision. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36, 526-535.
36. Engelgau, M. M., Geiss, L. S., Saaddine, J. B., Boyle, J. P., Ben-jamine, S. M., Gregg, E. W., et al. (2004). The evolving diabetes burden in the United States. Annals of Internal Medicine, 140, 945-950.
37. England, J. D., & Asbury, A. K. (2004). Peripheral neuropathy. Lancet, 363, 2151-2161.
38. Farenc, I., Rougier, P., & Berger, L. (2003). The influence of gender and body characteristics on upright stance. Annals of Human Biology, 30, 279-294.
39. Fitzpatrick, P. A., Carello, C., Schmidt, R. C. & Corey, D. (1994). Haptic and visual perception of an affordance for upright posture. Ecological Psychology, 6, 265-287.
40. Gagey, P. M., Toupet, M., & Heuschen, S. (1992). From ankle to hip strategy: Aging as shown by the parameter VFY. In M. Woollacott & F. Horak (Eds.), Posture and Gait: Control Mechanisms (Vol. 2, pp. 251-254). Portland: University of Oregon Books.
41. Giacomini, P. , Bruno, E., Monticone, G., Digirolamo, S., Magrini, A., Parisi, L., et al. (1996). Postural rearrangement in IDDM patients with peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 19, 372-374.
42. Gibson, J. J. (1966). The senses considered as perceptual systems. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
43. Greenbaum, D., Richardson, P. C., Salmon, M. V., & Urich, H. (1964). Pathological observations in 6 cases of diabetic neuropathy. Brain, 87, 201-214.
44. Greene, D. A., Sima, A. A. F., Albers, J. W., & Pfeifer, M. A. (1990). Diabetic neuropathy. In H. Rifkin & D. Porte (Eds.), Diabetes mellitus (pp. 710-755). New York: Elsevier.
45. Hajnal, A., Fonseca, S., Kinsella-Shaw, J. M., Silva, P., Carello, C., & Turvey, M. T. (2007). Haptic selective attention by foot and by hand. Neuroscience Letters, 419, 5-9.
46. Hinsdale, G. (1887). The station of man, considered physiologically and clinically. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 93, 478-485.
47. Hlavacka, F., Mergner, T., & Krizkova, M. (1996). Control of the body vertical by vestibular and proprioceptive inputs. Brain Research Bulletin, 40, 431-435.
48. Holewski, J. J., Stess, R. M., Graf, P. M., & Grunfeld, C. (1988). Aesthesiometry: Quantification of cutaneous pressure sensation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 25, 1-10.
49. Horak, F. B. (2001). Postural ataxia related to somatosensory loss. In E. Rozicka, M. Hallett, & J. Jankovix (Eds.), Gait disorders: Advances in neurology (Vol. 87, pp. 173-182). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
50. Horak, F. B., Dickstein, R., & Peterka, R. J. (2002). Diabetic neuropathy and surface sway-referencing disrupt somatosen-sory information for postural stability in stance. Somatosensory and Motor Research, 19, 316-326.
51. Horak, F. B., & Hlavacka, F. (2001). Somatosensory loss increases vestibulospinal sensitivity. Journal of Neurophysiology, 86, 575-585.
52. Horak, F. B., & Nashner, L. M. (1986). Central programming of postural movements: Adaptation to altered support-surface configurations. Journal of Neurophysiology, 55, 1369-1381.
53. Horak, F. B., Nashner, L. M., & Diener, H. C. (1990). Postural strategies associated with somato-sensory and vestibular loss. Experimental Brain Research, 82, 167-177.
54. Jeka, J. J., & Lackner, J. R. (1994). Fingertip contact influences human postural control. Experimental Brain Research, 100, 495-502.
55. Kamei, N., Yamane, K., Nakanishi, S., Yamashita, Y., Tamura. T., et al. (2005). Effectiveness of Semmes-Weinstein monofila-ment examination for diabetic peripheral neuropathy screening. Journal of Diabetes Complications, 19, 47-53.
56. Katoulis, E. C., Ebdon-Parry, M., Hollis, S., Harrison, A. J., Vileikyte, L., Kulkarni, J., et al. (1997). Postural instability in diabetic neuropathic patients at risk of foot ulceration. Diabetic Medicine, 14, 296-300.
57. Kim, B. J., & Robinson, C. J. (2006). Effects of diabetic neuropathy on body sway and slip perturbation detection in older population. International Journal of Occupational Safety Ergonomics, 12, 241-254.
58. King, M. B., Judge, J. O., & Wolfson, L. (1994). Functional base of support decreases with age. Journal of Gerontology, 49, M258-M263.
59. Kinsella-Shaw, J. M., Harrison, S. J., Colon-Semenza, C., & Turvey, M. T. (2006). Effects of visual environment on quiet standing by young and old adults. Journal of Motor Behavior, 38, 251-264.
60. Kohen-Raz, R. (1991). Application of tetra-ataxia metric pos-turography in clinical and developmental diagnosis. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 73, 635-636.
61. Koozekanani, S. H., Stockwell, C. W., McGhee, R. B., & Firooz-mand, F. (1980). On the role of dynamic models in quantitative posturography. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 27, 605-609.
62. Lafond, D., Corriveau, H., & Prince, F. (2004). Postural control mechanisms during quiet standing in patients with diabetic sensory neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 27, 173-178.
63. Lavery, L. A., Fleischli, J. G., Laughlin, T. J., Vela, S. A., Lavery, D. C., & Armstrong, D. G. (1998). Is postural instability exacerbated by off-loading devices in high risk diabetics with foot ulcers? Ostomy Wound Management, 44, 26-34.
64. Lord, S. R., Caplan, G. A., Colagiuri, R., & Ward, J. A. (1993). Sensori-motor function in older persons with diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 10, 614-618.
65. Maki, B. E., & McIllroy, W. E. (1996). Postural control in the older adult. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 12, 635-658.
66. Mark, L. S., Balliet, J. A., Craver, K. D., Douglas, S. D., & Fox, T. (1990). What an actor must do in order to perceive the affor-dance for sitting. Ecological Psychology, 2, 325-366.
67. Mimori, Y., Nakanyra, S., Kameyama, M., Sako, Y., Yamao, S., & Miyoshi, T. (1982). Statokinesigram of patients with diabetic neuropathy. In G. Y. Horiuchi & A. Kogurek (Eds.), Diabetic neuropathy: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Diabetic Neuropathy (pp. 168-172). New York: Excerpta Medica.
68. Nardone, A., Grasso, M., & Schieppati, M. (2006). Balance control in peripheral neuropathy: Are patients equally unstable under static and dynamic conditions? Gait and Posture, 23, 364-373.
69. Nardone, A., & Schieppati, M. (2004). Group II spindle fibers and afferent control of stance: Clues from diabetic neuropathy. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115, 779-789.
70. Nardone, A., Tarantola, J., Miscio, G., Pisano, F., Schenone, A., & Schieppati, M. (2000). Loss of large-diameter spindle afferent fibers is not detrimental to the control of body sway during upright stance: Evidence from neuropathy. Experimental Brain Research, 135, 155-162.
71. Nashner, L. M., & McCollum, G., (1985). The organization of human postural movements: A formal basis and experimental synthesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 8, 135-172.
72. Okada, M., & Fijiwara, K. (1983). Muscle activity around the ankle joint as correlated with the center of foot pressure in an upright stance. In H. Matsui & K. Kobayashi (Eds.), Biomechanics VIII A (pp. 209-216). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers.
73. Okada, M., & Fijiwara, K. (1984). Relation between sagittal distribution of the foot pressure in upright stance and relative EMG magnitude in some leg and foot muscles. Journal of Human Ergology, 13, 97-105.
74. Oppenheim, U., Kohen-Raz, R., Alex, D., Kohen-Raz, A., & Azarya, M. (1999). Postural characteristics of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 22, 328-332.
75. Pagano, C. C., & Turvey, M. T. (1995). The inertia tensor as a basis for the perception of limb orientation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 1070-1087.
76. Perkins, B. A., & Bril, V. (2003). Diabetic neuropathy: A review emphasizing diagnostic methods. Clinical Neurophysiology, 14, 1167-1175.
77. Prioli, A. C., Cardozo, A. S., de Freitas Junior, P. B., & Barela, J. A. (2006). Task demand effects on postural control in older adults. Human Movement Science, 25, 435-446.
78. Priplata, A. A., Patritti, B. L., Niemi, J. B., Hughes, R., Gravelle, D. C., Lipsitz, L. A., et al. (2006). Noise-enhanced balance control in patients with diabetes and patients with stroke. Annals of Neurology, 59, 4-12.
79. Riccio, G. E. (1993). Information in movement variability: About the qualitative dynamics of posture and orientation. In K. M. Newell & D. M. Corcos (Eds.), Variability and motor control (pp. 317-357). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
80. Riccio, G. E., & Stoffregen, T. A. (1988). Affordances as constraints on the control of stance. Human Movement Science, 7, 265-300.
81. Riley, M. A., Mitra, S., Stoffregen, T. A., & Turvey, M. T. (1997). Influences of body lean and vision on unperturbed postural sway. Motor Control, 1, 229-246.
82. Riley, M. A., & Turvey, M. T. (2002). Variability and determinism in motor behavior. Journal of Motor Behavior, 34, 99-125.
83. Riley, M. A., Wong, S., Mitra, S., & Turvey, M. T. (1997). Common effects of touch and vision on postural parameters. Experimental Brain Research, 117, 165-170.
84. Rossini, P. M., Barker, A. T., Berardelli, A., Caramia, M. D., Caruso, G., Cracco, R. Q., et al. (1994). Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application - Report of an IFCN committee. Electroencephalography Clinical Neurophysiology, 91, 79-92.
85. Rossini, P. M., & Treviso, M. (1983). Central conduction time (lumbar-vertex) in man calculated by means of a new method. European Neurology, 22, 173-180.
86. Rougier, P., Burdet, C., Farenc, I., & Berger, L. (2001). Backward and forward leaning postures modeled by an fBm framework. Neuroscience Research, 41, 41-50.
87. Schmit, J. M., Riley, M. A., Dalvi, A., Sahay, A., Shear, P. K., Shockley, K. D., et al. (2006). Deterministic center of pressure patterns characterize postural instability in Parkinson's disease. Experimental Brain Research, 168, 357-367.
88. Shinbrot, T., & Muzzio, F. J. (2001, March 8). Noise to order. Nature, 410, 251-258.
89. Simmons, R. W., Richardson, C., & Pozos, R. (1997). Postural stability of diabetic patients with and without cutaneous sensory deficit in the foot. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 36, 153-160.
90. Simoneau, G. (1992). The effects of diabetic distal symmetrical neuropathy on static posture. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Sylvania.
91. Simoneau, G. G., Ulbrecht, J. S., Derr, J. A., Becker, M. B., & Cavanagh, P. R. (1994). Postural instability in patients with diabetic sensory neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 17, 1411-1421.
92. Simoneau, G. G., Ulbrecht, J. S., Derr, J. A., & Cavanagh, P. R. (1995). Role of somatosensory input in the control of human posture. Gait and Posture, 3, 115-122.
93. Smieja, M., Hunt, D. L., Edelman, D., Etchells, E., Cornuz, J., & Simel, D. L. (1999). Clinical examination for the detection of protective sensation in the feet of diabetic patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 14, 418-424.
94. Stokes, I. A. F., Faris, I. B., & Hutton, W. C. (1975). The neuropathic ulcer and loads on the foot in diabetic patients. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 46, 839-847.
95. Streepey, J., Kenyon, R. V. , & Keshner, E. A. (2007). Field of view and base of support width influence postural responses to visual stimuli during quiet stance. Gait and Posture, 25, 1, 49-55.
96. Taguchi, K. (1978). Spectral analysis of movement of the center of gravity in vertiginous and ataxic patients. Agressologie, 19(B), 69-70.
97. Tinetti, M. E., Speechley, M., & Ginter, S. F. (1988). Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. New England Journal of Medicine, 319, 1701-1707.
98. Turvey, M. T., & Carello, C. (1995). Dynamic touch. In W. Epstein & S. Rogers (Eds.), Handbook of perception and cognition: Part V. Perception of space and motion (pp. 401-490). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
99. Uccioli, L., Gianomini, P., Monticone, G., Magrini, A., Durola, L., & Bruno, E. (1995). Body sway in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 18, 339-344.
100. Uccioli, L., Gianomini, P., Pasqualetti, P. , Di Girolamo, S., Ferrigno, P., Monticone, G., et al. (1997). Contribution of central neuropathy to postural instability in IDDM patients with peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 20, 929-934.
101. Valk, G. D., Nauto, J. J. P. , Striners, R. L. M., & Bertelsman, F. W. (1992). Clinical examination versus neurophysiological examination in the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetic Medicine, 9, 716-721.
102. Valk, G. D., Sonnaville, J. J., Houtum, W. H. V., Heine, R. J., van Eijk, J. T. M., Bouter, L. M., et al. (1997). The assessment of diabetic polyneuropathy in daily clinical practice: Reproducibil-ity and validity of Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments examination and clinical neurological examination. Muscle Nerve, 20, 116-118.
103. Van Deursen, R. W., & Simoneau, G. G. (1999). Foot and ankle sensory neuropathy, proprioception, and postural stability. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 29, 718-726.
104. van Wegen, E. E. H., van Emmerik, R. E. A., & Riccio, G. E. (2002). Postural orientation: Age-related changes in variability and time-to-boundary. Human Movement Science, 21, 61-84.
105. van Wegen, E. E. H., van Emmerik, R. E. A., Wagenaar, R. C., & Ellis, T. (2001). Stability boundaries and lateral postural control in Parkinson's Disease. Motor Control, 3, 254-269.
106. Walker, R. (2005). Diabetes and peripheral neuropathy: Keeping people on their own two feet. British Journal of Community Nursing, 10, 33-36.
107. Wang, T. Y., & Lin, S. I. (2008). Sensitivity of plantar cutaneous sensation and postural stability. Clinical Biomechanics, 23, 493-499.
108. Winter, D. A., Prince, F., Frank, J. S., Powell, C., & Zabjek, K. F. (1996). Unified theory regarding AP and ML balance in quiet stance. Journal of Neurophysiology, 75, 2334-2343.
109. Winter, D. A., Prince, F., Stergiou, P., & Powell, C. (1993). Medial-lateral and antero-posterior motor responses associated with center of pressure changes in quiet standing. Neuroscience Research Communications, 12, 141-148.
110. Yamamoto, R., Kinoshita, T., Momoki, T., Takashi, A., Okamura, A., Hirao, K., et al. (2001). Postural sway and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 52, 213-221.
111. Young, M. J., Boulton, A. J. M., MacLeod, A. F., Williams, D. R. R., & Sonksen, P. H. (1993). A multicenter study of the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the United Kingdom hospital clinic population. Diabetologia, 36, 150-154.