Azathioprine therapy in steroid-dependent patients with Crohn disease: Results of a 10-year longitudinal follow-up study

Medical Science Monitor

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2009, Pages

  Pinto, André Luiz Tavares ^a   Chebli, Liliana Andrade ^a   Ribeiro, Mario Sergio ^a   Pace, Fábio Heleno De Lima ^a   Moraes, Jussara Paixão ^a   Do Amaral Jr , Flávio José ^a   Gaburri, Pedro Duarte ^a   De Souza, Aécio Flávio Meirelles ^a   Chebli, Julio Maria Fonseca ^a,b  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF JUIZ DE FORA   (Brazil)

^b NONE   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Azathioprine; Corticosteroids; Crohn disease; Inflammatory bowel disease

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; MESALAZINE; PREDNISONE;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ACUTE PANCREATITIS; ADULT; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; BONE MARROW TOXICITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CROHN DISEASE; DEMOGRAPHY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FEMALE; FEVER; HERPES ZOSTER; HUMAN; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; LEUKOPENIA; LIVER VENOOCCLUSIVE DISEASE; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MYALGIA; NAUSEA; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; PNEUMONIA; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REMISSION; SIDE EFFECT; STEROID THERAPY; THERAPY EFFECT; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TOXIC HEPATITIS; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VOMITING;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; AZATHIOPRINE; CROHN DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 66649084894     PISSN: 12341010     EISSN: 16433750     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Loftus EV Jr, Sandborn WJ: Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin N Am, 2003; 31: 1-20 (Pubitemid 34733030)
2. Ekbom A: The epidemiology of IBD: a lot of data but little knowledge. How shall we proceed? Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2004; 10(Suppl.1): S32-34
3. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Lichtenstein GR: Medical management of mild to moderate Crohn's disease: evidence-based treatment algorithms for induction and maintenance of remission. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2007; 26: 987-1003 (Pubitemid 47416299)
4. Irving PM, Gearry RB, Sparrow MP, Gilson PR: Appropriate use of corticosteroids in Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2007; 26: 313-329
5. Summers R, Switz D, Sessions J et al: National Cooperative Cronh's Disease Study: results of drug treatment. Gastroenterology, 1979; 77: 847-869 (Pubitemid 9242048)
6. Katz JA: Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with corticosteroids. Gastroenterol Clin N Am, 2004; 33: 171-189 (Pubitemid 38737266)
7. Munkholm P, Langholz E, Davidsen M, Binder V: Frequency of glucocorticoid resistance and dependency in Cronh's disease. Gut, 1994; 35: 360-362 (Pubitemid 24092906)
8. Faubion WA Jr, Loftus EV Jr, Harmsen WS et al: The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Gastroenterology, 2001; 121: 255-260 (Pubitemid 32729372)
9. Tung J, Loftus EV Jr, Freese DK et al: A population-based study of the frequency of corticosteroid resistance and dependence in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2006; 12: 1093-1100 (Pubitemid 44847465)
10. Plevy SE: Corticosteroid-sparing treatments in patients with Cronh's disease. Am J Gastroenterol, 2002; 97: 1607-1617 (Pubitemid 34761379)
11. Fegan BG: Maintenance therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003; 98(Suppl): S6-S17 (Pubitemid 38044602)
12. Su C, Lichtenstein GR: Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine. Gastoenterol Clin N Am, 2004; 33: 209-234 (Pubitemid 38737268)
13. Klein M, Binder HJ, Mitchell M et al: Treatment of Cronh's disease with azathioprine: a controlled evaluation. Gastroenterology, 1974; 66: 916-922
14. Present DH, Korelitz BI, Wisch N et al: Treatment of Cronh's disease with 6-mercaptopurine. A long-term, randomized, double-blind study. N Engl J Med, 1980; 302: 981-987 (Pubitemid 10125406)
15. Ewe K, Press AG, Singe CC et al: Azathioprine combined with prednisolone or monotherapy with prednisolone in active Cronh's disease. Gastroenterology, 1993; 105: 367-372 (Pubitemid 23213520)
16. Candy S, Wright J, Gerber M et al: A controlled double-blind study of azathioprine in the management of Cronh's disease. Gut, 1995; 37: 674-678
17. Markowitz J, Grancher K, Kohn N et al: A multicenter trial of 6-mercaptopurine and prednisone in children with newly diagnosed Cronh's disease. Gastroenterology, 2000; 119: 895-902
18. Sandborn W, Sutherland L, Pearson D et al: Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Cronh's disease. (Cochrane review). Update Software Oxford, The Cochrane Library, 2003
19. Hanauer SB: Considerations in the management of steroid-dependent Cronh's disease. Gastroenterology, 2003; 125: 906-910 (Pubitemid 37070706)
20. Roblin X, Serre-Debeauvais F, Phelip JM et al: 6-Tioguanine monitoring in steroid-dependent patients with inflammatory bowel diseases receiving azathioprine. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2005; 21: 829-839 (Pubitemid 40477243)
21. Chebli JM, Gaburri PD, De Souza AF et al: Long-term results with azathioprine therapy in patients with corticosteroid-dependent Crohn's disease: open-label prospective study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007; 22: 268-274 (Pubitemid 46181359)
22. Nikolaus S, Schreiber S: Diagnostics of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology, 2007; 133: 1670-1689 (Pubitemid 350029755)
23. Gasche C, Scholmerich J, Brynskov J et al: A simple classification of Crohn's disease: report of the Working Party for the World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna 1998. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2000; 6: 8-15
24. Best WR, Becktel JM, Singleton JW, Kern F Jr: Development of a Crohn's disease activity index. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. Gastroenterology, 1976; 70: 439-444
25. O'Brien JJ, Bayless TM, Bayless JA: Use of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in the treatment of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology, 1991; 101: 39-46
26. Korelitz BI, Adler DJ, Mendelsohn RA, Sacknoff AL: Long-term experience with 6-mercaptopurine in the treatment of Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol, 1993; 88: 1198-1205 (Pubitemid 23219712)
27. Pearson DC, May GR, Fick GH, Sutherland LR: Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in Crohn's disease. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med, 1995; 123: 132-142
28. Sandborn WJ, Tremaine WJ, Wolf DC et al: Lack of effect of intravenous administration on time to respond to azathioprine for steroid-treated Crohn's disease. North American Azathioprine Study Group. Gastroenterology, 1999; 117: 527-535
29. Dubinsky MC, Lamothe S, Yang HY et al: Pharmacogenomics and metabolite measurement for 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology, 2000; 118: 705-713 (Pubitemid 30171620)
30. Glas J, Török HP, Daczo J et al: The leukocyte count predicts the efficacy of treatment with azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Med Res, 2005; 10: 535-538 (Pubitemid 43009572)
31. Cuffari C, Hunt S, Bayless TM: Enhanced bioavailability of azathioprine therapy compared to 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: correlation with treatment efficacy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2000; 14: 1009-1014 (Pubitemid 30618161)
32. Cuffari C, Hunt S, Bayless TM: Utilization of erythrocyte 6-thioguanine metabolite levels to optimize azathioprine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut, 2001; 48: 642-646 (Pubitemid 32378583)
33. Cuffari C, Theoret Y, Latour S, Seidman G: 6-mercaptopurine metabolism in Crohn's disease: correlation with efficacy and toxicity. Gut, 1996; 39: 401-406 (Pubitemid 26338529)
34. Sandborn WJ, Van Os EC, Zins BJ et al: An intravenous loading dose of azathioprine decreases the time to response in patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology, 1995; 109: 1808-1817
35. Gupta P, Gokhale R, Kirschner BS: 6-mercaptopurine metabolite levels in children with inflammatory bowel disease.. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2001; 33: 450-454 (Pubitemid 33070099)
36. Connell WR, Kamm MA, Ritchie JK, Lennard-Jones JE: Bone marrow toxicity caused by azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease: 27 years of experience. Gut, 1993; 34: 1081-1085 (Pubitemid 23245359)
37. 37- Haber CJ, Meltzer SJ, Present DH, Koretitz BI: Nature and course of pancreatitis caused by 6-mercaptopurine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology, 1986; 91: 982-986 (Pubitemid 16014606)
38. Warman JI, Korelitz BI, Fleisher MR, Janardhanam R: Cumulative experience with short- and long-term toxicity to 6-mercaptopurine in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2003; 37: 220-225 (Pubitemid 37010916)
39. Fraser AG, Orchard TR, Jewell DP: The efficacy of azathioprine for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a 30 year review. Gut, 2002; 50: 485-489 (Pubitemid 34638866)
40. Aberra FN, Lichtenstein GR: Monitoring of immunomodulators in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2005; 21: 307-319 (Pubitemid 40313935)
41. Lichtenstein GR: Use of laboratory testing to guide 6-mercaptopurine/ azathioprine therapy. Gastroenterology, 2004; 127: 1558-1564 (Pubitemid 39457779)
42. Lewis JD, Schwartz JS, Lichtenstein GR: Azathioprine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease: benefits outweigh the risk of lymphoma. Gastroenterology, 2000; 118: 1018-1024 (Pubitemid 30346977)
43. Brown SJ, Mayer L: The immune response in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol, 2007; 102: 2058-2069 (Pubitemid 47301524)