Integrated stochastic environmental risk assessment of the Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) in Hong Kong

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 43, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 3705-3711

  Choi, K W ^a   Lee, Joseph H W ^a   Kwok, Kevin W H ^a   Leung, Kenneth M Y ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADVERSE EFFECT; AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS; ASSESSMENT APPROACHES; BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITY; CHEMICALLY ENHANCED PRIMARY TREATMENT; CHRONIC TOXICITY; COASTAL CITIES; DRY SEASONS; ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS; ECOLOGICAL RISKS; EFFLUENT DISCHARGE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS; EXPOSURE CONCENTRATION; FIELD DATA; HONG-KONG; HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL; INTEGRATED SIMULATIONS; LAGRANGIAN; MARINE COMMUNITY; MARINE ORGANISMS; MIXING ZONES; MODEL PARAMETERS; MONTE CARLO; MONTE CARLO SIMULATION; NEAR FIELDS; NEAR-FIELD; OCEAN OUTFALLS; POINT POLLUTION; POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION; RECEIVING WATERS; SECONDARY TREATMENT; SEWAGE OUTFALL; SPECIES SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS; STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION; STATISTICAL EVALUATION; STOCHASTIC VARIATION; SUBLETHAL EFFECTS; TARGET POLLUTANTS; TOXIC SUBSTANCES; TREATED EFFLUENT; WET AND DRY SEASONS; WET SEASON; WORST CASE;

CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); DISCHARGE (FLUID MECHANICS); DROUGHT; EFFLUENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; FLUID DYNAMICS; MARINE BIOLOGY; MONTE CARLO METHODS; OCEAN ENGINEERING; OCEANOGRAPHY; OUTFALLS; PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS; RANDOM PROCESSES; RISK MANAGEMENT; RISK PERCEPTION; SEWAGE; SEWAGE TREATMENT; SIMULATORS; THREE DIMENSIONAL; WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

RISK ASSESSMENT;

AMMONIA;

CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DISCHARGE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; HARBOR; MARINE POLLUTION; MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STOCHASTICITY; SUBLETHAL EFFECT; WASTE DISPOSAL;

ARTICLE; CHINA; COASTAL WATERS; ECOSYSTEM; EFFLUENT; ENVIRONMENT; MARINE SPECIES; MONTE CARLO METHOD; PROBABILITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEASON; SEWAGE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; WATER TEMPERATURE;

AMMONIA; ENVIRONMENT; GEOGRAPHY; HONG KONG; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEWAGE; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; STOCHASTIC PROCESSES; TROPICAL CLIMATE; WATER POLLUTION;

ASIA; CHINA; EURASIA; FAR EAST; HONG KONG; STONECUTTERS ISLAND;

EID: 66249147226     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es803244s     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Fischer, H. B.; List, E. J.; Koh, R. C. Y.; Imberger, J.; Brooks, N. H. Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1979.
2. Lee, J. H. W.; Chu, V. Turbulent Jets and Plumes - A Lagrangian Approach; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Norwell, MA, 2003.
3. Huang, H.; Proni, J. R.; Tsai, J. J. Probabilistic approach to initial dilution of ocean outfalls. Water Environ. Res. 1994, 66, 787-793. (Pubitemid 24314495)
4. Mukhtasor, H. T.; Sharp, J. J.; Lye, L.M. Uncertainty analysis of ocean outfall. Can. J. Civ. Eng. 1999, 26, 434-444.
5. Mukhtasor, H. T.; Veitch, B.; Bose, N. An ecological risk assessment methodology for screening discharge alternatives of produced water. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 2004, 10, 505-524. (Pubitemid 38946976)
6. Camp Dresser & McKee International Inc. Environmental and Engineering Feasibility Assessment Studies in Relation to the Way Forward of the Harbour Area Treatment Scheme - Final Study Report, Agreement No. CE 42/2001; Environmental Protection Department: HKSAR Government, 2004.
7. Bower, C. E.; Bidwell, J. P. Ionization of ammonia in seawater: effects of temperature, pH, and salinity. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 1978, 35, 1012-1016.
8. Randall, D. J.; Tsui, T. K. N. Ammonia toxicity in fish. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2002, 45, 17-23.
9. World Health Organization (WHO). IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Guideline 54: Ammonia; World Health Organization: Geneva, 1986.
10. Lee, J. H. W.; Cheung, V. Generalized Lagrangian model for buoyant jets in a current. J. Environ. Eng. ASCE 1990, 116, 1085-1106. (Pubitemid 248317)
11. Warne, M.St.J. Critical review of methods to derive water quality guidelines for toxicants and proposal for a new frame work. In Supervising Scientist Report 135; Supervising Scientist: Canberra, 1998.
12. Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology; Posthuma, L., Sutur, G.W. II., Traas, T. P., Eds.; Lewis Publishers: Boca Raton, FL, 2002.
13. Wheeler, J. R.; Grist, E. P. M.; Leung, K. M. Y.; Morritt, D.; Crane, M. Species sensitivity distribution: Data and model choice. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2002, 45, 192-202.
14. Solomon, K. R.; Sibley, P. New concepts in ecological risk assessment: Where do we go from here. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2002, 44, 279-285. (Pubitemid 34465474)
15. Grist, E. P. M.; Leung, K. M. Y.; Wheeler, J. R.; Crane, M. Better bootstrap estimation of hazardous concentration thresholds for aquatic assemblages. SETAC Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2002, 21, 1515-1524. (Pubitemid 34694800)
16. Solomon, K. R.; Giddings, J. M.; Maund, S. J. Probabilistic risk assessment of cotton pyrethroids: I. Distributional analyses of laboratory aquatic toxicity data. SETAC Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2001, 20, 652-659. (Pubitemid 32861550)
17. Giddings, J. M.; Solomon, K. R.; Maund, S. J. Probabilistic risk assessment of cotton pyrethroids: II. Aquatic mesocosm and field studies. SETAC Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2001, 20, 660-668. (Pubitemid 32861551)
18. International Review Panel. Forecasting Peak Design Flows For the SSDS; Environmental Protection Department, HKSAR Government: Hong Kong, 2001.
19. Lee, J. H. W.; Qu, B. Hydrodynamic tracking of the massive spring 1998 red tide in Hong Kong. J. Environ. Eng. ASCE 2004, 130, 535-550. (Pubitemid 38616070)
20. Delft Hydraulics. Upgrading of the water quality and hydraulic mathematical models, Final Model Calibration and Validation Report; Technical Services Division, Civil Engineering Office, Hong Kong SAR Government: Hong Kong, 1998.
21. Choi, K. W.; Lee, J. H. W. Distributed entrainment sink approach for modelling mixing and transport in intermediate field. J. Hydr. Eng. ASCE 2007, 133, 804-815. (Pubitemid 47007374)
22. Forbes, V. E.; Calow, P.; Sibly, R. M. The extrapolation problem and how population modelling can help. SETAC Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2008, 27, 1987-1994.
23. Leung, K. M. Y.; Bjørgesæter, A.; Gray, J. S.; Li, W. K.; Lui, G. C. S.; Wang, Y.; Lam, P. K. S. Deriving sediment quality guidelines using field-based species sensitivity distributions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 5148-5156. (Pubitemid 41003730)
24. Crane, M.; Kwok, K. W. H.; Wells, C.; Whitehouse, P.; Lui, G. C. S. Use of field data to support european water framework directive quality standards for dissolved metals. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 5014-5021. (Pubitemid 47121101)
25. Kwok, K. W. H.; Bjørgesæter, A.; Leung, K. M. Y.; Lui, G. C. S.; Gray, J. S.; Shin, P. K. S.; Lam, P. K. S. Deriving site-specific sediment quality guideline forHongKong marine environments using field-based species sensitivity distributions. SETAC Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2008, 27, 226-234.