Golf: A game of life and death - Reduced mortality in Swedish golf players

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 419-424

  Farahmand, B ^a,b   Broman, G ^c   De Faire, U ^a   Vagero D ^d   Ahlbom, A ^a,e  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b ASTRAZENECA R AND D   (Sweden)

^c SWEDISH SCHOOL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^d STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^e Stockholm Centre of Public Health   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Cohort study; Epidemiology; Golf; Leisure physical activity; Mortality

Indexed keywords

EID: 66249120713     PISSN: 09057188     EISSN: 16000838     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00814.x     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Ahlbom A. Introducation to modern epidemiology, 2nd edn, Epidemiology Resources Inc., printed in the United States of America, 1990.
2. Berlin JA, Colditz GA. A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol 1990 : 132 : 612 628. (Pubitemid 20344530)
3. Blair SN, Kohl HW III., Paffenbarger RS Jr., Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA 1989 : 262 : 2395 2401. (Pubitemid 19261810)
4. Carlsson S, Andersson T, Lichtenstein P, Michaelsson K, Ahlbom A. Physical activity and mortality: is the association explained by genetic selection? Am J Epidemiol 2007 : 166 : 255 259. (Pubitemid 47216820)
5. Fagard RH, Cornelissen VA. Effect of exercise on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007 : 14 : 12 17. (Pubitemid 46271374)
6. Farahmand BY, Ahlbom A, Ekblom O, Ekblom B, Hallmarker U, Aronson D, Brobert GP. Mortality amongst participants in Vasaloppet: a classical long-distance ski race in Sweden. J Intern Med 2003 : 253 : 276 283. (Pubitemid 36315198)
7. Fewell Z, Davey Smith G, Sterne JA. The impact of residual and unmeasured confounding in epidemiologic studies: a simulation study. Am J Epidemiol 2007 : 166 : 646 655. (Pubitemid 47347902)
8. Hallqvist J. Socioeconomic differences in myocardial infarction risk. Stockholm, Sweden : Karolinksa Institutet, 1998.
9. McHardy A, Pollard H, Luo K. One-year follow-up study on golf injuries in Australian amateur golfers. Am J Sports Med 2007 : 35 : 1354 1360. (Pubitemid 47084196)
10. Paffenbarger RS Jr., Hyde RT, Wing AL, Hsieh CC. Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. N Engl J Med 1986 : 314 : 605 613. (Pubitemid 16132724)
11. Parkkari J, Natri A, Kannus P, Manttari A, Laukkanen R, Haapasalo H, Nenonen A, Pasanen M, Oja P, Vuori I. A controlled trial of the health benefits of regular walking on a golf course. Am J Med 2000 : 109 : 102 108.
12. Powell KE, Thompson PD, Caspersen CJ, Kendrick JS. Physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease. Annu Rev Public Health 1987 : 8 : 253 287.
13. Sarna S, Sahi T, Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J. Increased life expectancy of world class male athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993 : 25 : 237 244. (Pubitemid 23061986)
14. Schnohr P, Parner J, Lange P. Mortality in joggers: population based study of 4,658 men. BMJ 2000 : 321 : 602 603.
15. Torjesen PA, Birkeland KI, Anderssen SA, Hjermann I, Holme I, Urdal P. Lifestyle changes may reverse development of the insulin resistance syndrome. The Oslo diet and exercise study: a randomized trial. Diabetes Care 1997 : 20 : 26 31. (Pubitemid 27020037)
16. van Saase JL, Noteboom WM, Vandenbroucke JP. Longevity of men capable of prolonged vigorous physical exercise: a 32 year follow up of 2259 participants in the Dutch eleven cities ice skating tour. BMJ 1990 : 301 : 1409 1411.
17. Vingard E, Sandmark H, Alfredsson L. Musculoskeletal disorders in former athletes. A cohort study in 114 track and field champions. Acta Orthop Scand 1995 : 66 : 289 291.