Energetic plasma sheet electrons and their relationship with the solar wind: A Cluster and Geotail study

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 114, Issue 2, 2009, Pages

  Des Roziers, E Burin ^a   Li, X ^a   Baker, D N ^a   Fritz, T A ^d   Friedel, R ^c   Onsager, T G ^e   Dandouras, I ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITÉ PAUL SABATIER   (France)

^c LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^d USA   (United States)

^e NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 66149165903     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JA013696     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Angelopoulos, V., W. Baumjohann, C. F. Kennel, F. V. Coroniti, M. G. Kivelson, R. Pellat, R. J. Walker, H. Lühr, and G. Paschmann (1992), Bursty bulk flows in the inner central plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 4027.
2. A°snes, A., R. W. H. Friedel, B. Lavraud, G. D. Reeves, M. G. G. T. Taylor, and P. Daly (2008), Statistical properties of tail plasma sheet electrons above 40 keV, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A03202, doi:10.1029/2007JA012502.
3. Baker, D. N., and C. Stone (1977), Observations of energetic electrons (E ≥ 200 keV) in the Earth's magnetotail: Plasma sheet and fireball observations, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 1532.
4. Baker, D. N., T. I. Pulkkinen, V. Angelopoulos, W. Baumjohann, and R. L. McPherron (1996), Neutral line model of substorms: Past results and present view, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,975.
5. Baker, D. N., X. Li, J. B. Blake, and S. Kanekal (1998), Strong electron acceleration in the Earth's magnetosphere, Adv. Space Res., 21, 609.
6. Balogh, A., et al. (1997), The Cluster magnetic field investigation, Space Sci. Rev., 79, 65.
7. Bame, S. J., J. R. Asbridge, H. E. Felthauser, E. W. Hones, and I. B. Strong (1967), Characteristics of the plasma sheet in the Earth's magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 113.
8. Baumjohann, W, and G. Paschmann (1990), Geometry of the near-Earth plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 10,707.
9. Baumjohann, W, G. Paschmann, N. Sckopke, C. A. Cattell, and C. W. Carlson (1988), Average ion moments in the plasma sheet boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 66597.
10. Baumjohann, W., G. Paschmann, and C. A. Cattell (1989), Average plasma properties in the central plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 6597.
11. Baumjohann, W., G. Paschmann, and H. Lühr (1990), Characteristics of high-speed ion flows in the plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 3801.
12. Belian, R. D., G. R. Gisler, T. Cayton, and R. Christensen (1992), High-Z energetic particles at geostationary orbit during the great solar proton event series of October 1989; J. Geophys. Res:, 97, 16,897.
13. Borovsky, J. E., M. F. Thomsen, and D. J. McComas (1997), The super-dense plasma sheet: Plasmaspheric origin, solar wind origin, or ionospheric origin?, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 22,089.
14. Borovsky, J. E., M. F. Thomsen, R. C. Elphic, T. E. Cayton, and D. J. McComas (1998a), The transport of plasma sheet material from the distant tail to geosynchronous orbit, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20,297.
15. Borovsky, J. E., M. F. Thomsen, and R. C. Elphic (1998b), The driving of the plasma sheet by the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,617.
16. Cattell, C. A., F. S. Mozer, E. W. Hones Jr., R. R. Anderson, and R. D. Sharp (1986), ISEE observations of the plasma sheet boundary layer, plasma sheet, and neutral sheet. 1: Electric field, magnetic field, plasma, and ion composition, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 5663.
17. Chapman, S., and J. Bartels (1962), Geomagnetism, vol. 2, 506 pp., Clarendon, Oxford, U.K.
18. Chen, J., and T. A. Fritz (2005), High-altitude cusp: The extremely dynamic region in geospace, Surv. Geophys., 26, 71.
19. Christon, S. P., D. J. Williams, D. G. Mitchell, L. A. Frank, and C. Y. Huang (1989), Spectral characteristics of plasma sheet ion and electron populations during undisturbed geomagnetic conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,409.
20. Christon, S. P., D. J. Williams, D. G. Mitchell, C. Y. Huang, and L. A. Frank (1991), Spectral characteristics of plasma sheet ion and electron populations during disturbed geomagnetic conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1.
21. Dandouras, J., H. Reme, A. Saint-Marc, J. A. Sauvaud, G. K. Parks, K. A. Anderson, and R. P. Lin (1986), A statistical study of plasma sheet dynamics using ISEE 1 and 2 energetic particle flux data, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 6861.
22. DeCoster, R. J., and L. A. Frank (1979), Observations pertaining to the dynamics of the plasma sheet, J: Geophys. Res., 84, 5099.
23. Elkington, S. R., M. Wiltberger, A. A. Chan, and D. N. Baker (2004), Physical models of the geospace radiation environment, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 66, 1371.
24. Forbes, T. G., E. W. Hones Jr., S. J. Bame, J. R. Asbridge, G. Paschmann, N. Sckopke, and C. T. Russell (1981), Substorm-related plasma sheet motions as determined from differential timing of plasma changes at the ISEE satellites, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 3459.
25. Gold, R. E., S. M. Krimigis, S. E. Hawkins, D. K. Haggerty, D. A. Lohr, E. Fiore, T. P. Armstrong, G. Holland, and L. J. Lanzerotti (1998), Electron, proton, and alpha monitor on the Advanced Composition Explorer Spacecraft, Space Sci. Rev., 86, 541.
26. Gosling, J. T, D. N. Baker, S. J. Bame, E. W. Hones Jr., D. J. McComas, R. D. Zwickl, J. A. Slavin, E. J. Smith, and B. T. Tsurutani (1984), Plasma entry into the distant tail lobes: ISEE-3, Geophys. Res. Lett, 11, 1078.
27. Hada, T, A. Nishidi, T. Terasawa, and E. W. Hones Jr. (1981), Bidirectional electron pitch angle anisotropy in the plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 11,211.
28. Huang, C. Y., and L. A. Frank (1994), A statistical survey of the central plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 83.
29. Imada, S., M. Hoshino, and T. Mukai (2008), The dawn-dusk asymmetry of energetic electron in the Earth's magnetotail: Observation and transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A11201, doi:10.1029/2008JA013610.
30. Kokubun, S., T. Yamamoto, M. H. Acuna, K. Hayashi, K. Shiokawa, and H. Kawano (1994), The Geotail magnetic field experiment, J. Geomagn. Geoelect., 46, 7.
31. Korth, H., M. F. Thomsen, J. E. Borovsky, and D. J. McComas (1999), Plasma sheet access to geosynchronous orbit, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 25,047.
32. Lefebvre, B., S. J. Schwartz, A. F. Fazakerley, and P. Dféréau (2007), Electron dyanamics and cross shock at the quasi-perpendicular Earth's bow shock, J: Geophys. Res., 112, A09212, doi:10.1029/2007JA012277.
33. Lennartsson, W., and R. D. Sharp (1982), A comparison of the 0.1-17 keV ion composition in the near equatorial magnetosphere between quiet and disturbed conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 6109.
34. Li, X., D. N. Baker, M. Temerin, G. D. Reeves, R. Friedel, and C. Shen (2005), Energetic electrons, 50 keV-6 MeV, at geosynchronous orbit: Their responses to solar wind variations, Space Weather, 3, S04001, doi:10.1029/2004SW000105.
35. Li, X., K. S. Oh, and M. Temerin (2007), Prediction of the AL index using solar wind parameters, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06224, doi:10.1029/2006JA011918.
36. Lyatsky, W., and G. V. Khazanov (2008), Effect of solar wind density on relativistic electrons at geosynchronous orbit, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L03109, doi:10.1029/2007GL032524.
37. McComas, D. J., S. J. Bame, P. Barker, W. C. Feldman, J. L. Phillips, P. Riley, and J. W. Griffee (1998), Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) for the Advanced Composition Explorer, Space Sci. Rev., 86, 563.
38. Montgomery, M. D. (1968), Observations of electrons in the Earth's magnetotail by Vela launch 2 satellites, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 871.
39. Onsager, T. G., M. F. Thomsen, J. T. Gosling, and S. J. Bame (1990), Electron distributions in the plasma sheet boundary layer: Time-of-flight effects, Geophys. Res. Lett, 17, 1837.
40. Onsager, T. G., M. F. Thomsen, R. C. Elphic, and J. T. Gosling (1991), Model of electron and ion distributions in the plasma sheet boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20,999.
41. Onsager, T. G., R. Grubb, J. Kunches, L. Matheson, D. Speich, R. Zwickl, and H. Sauer (1996), Operational uses of the GOES energetic particle detectors, in GOES-8 and Beyond, edited by E. R. Washwell, SPIE Conf. Proc, 2812, 281, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Bellingham, Wash.
42. Paulikas, G. A., and J. B. Blake (1979), Effects of the solar wind on magnetospheric dynamics: Energetic electrons at the synchronous orbit, in Quantitative Modeling of Magnetospheric Processes, Geophys. Monogr. Ser, vol. 21, edited by W. P. Olsen, pp. 180-202, AGU, Washington, D. C.
43. Reeves, G. D., K. L. McAdams, R. H. W. Friedel, and T. P. O'Brien (2003), Acceleration and loss of relativistic electrons during geomagnetic storms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(10), 1529, doi:10.1029/2002GL016513.
44. Réme, H., et al. (1997), The Cluster ion spectrometry (CIS) experiment, Space Sci. Rev., 79, 303.
45. Ruan, P., S. Y. Fu, Q.-G. Zong, Z. Y. Pu, X. Cao, W. L. Lui, X. Z. Zhou, and P. W. Daly (2005), Ion composition variations in the plasma sheet observed by Cluster/RAPID, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L01105, doi: 10.1029/2004GL021266.
46. Sharma, A. S., et al. (2008), Transient and localized processes in the magnetotail: A review, Ann. Geophys., 26, 955.
47. Smith, C. W, M. H. Acuna, L. F. Burlaga, J. L'Heureux, N. F. Ness, and J. Scheifele (1998), The ACE magnetic field experiment, Space Sci. Rev., 86, 613.
48. Stone, E. C, A. M. Frandsen, R. A. Mewaldt, E. R. Christian, D. Marglies, J. F. Ormes, and F. Snow (1998), The Advance Composition Explorer, Space Sci. Rev., 86, 1.
49. Taylor, M. G. G. T, R. H. W. Friedel, G. D. Reeves, M. W. Dunlop, T. A. Fritz, P. W. Daly, and A. Balogh (2004), Multisatellite measurements of electron phase space density gradients in the Earth's inner and outer magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A05220, doi:10.1029/2003JA010294.
50. Temerin, M., and X. Li (2002), A new model for the prediction of Dst on the basis of the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A12), 1472, doi: 10.1029/2001JAOO7532.
51. Te5merin, M., and X. Li (2006), Dst model for 1995-2002, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A04221, doi:10.1029/2005JA011257.
52. Terasawa, T, et al. (1997), Solar wind control of density and temperature in the near-Earth plasma sheet: WIND/GEOTAIL collaboration, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 935.
53. Turner, D., and X. Li (2008), Radial gradients of phase space density of the outer radiation belt electrons prior to sudden solar wind pressure enhancements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18101, doi:10.1029/2008GL034866.
54. Vogiatzis, 1.1., T. A. Fritz, Q.-G. Zong, and E. T. Sarris (2006), Two distinct energetic electron populations of different origin in the Earth's magneto-tail: A Cluster case study, J. Ann. Geophys., 24, 1931-1948.
55. Walker, R. J., and T. A. Farley (1972), Spatial distribution.of energetic plasma sheet electrons, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 4650.
56. Walsh, B. M., T. A. Fritz, N. M. Lender, J. Chen, and K. E. Whitaker (2007), Energetic particles observed by ISEE-1 and ISEE-2 in a cusp diamagnetic cavity on 29 September 1978, Ann. Geophys., 25, 2633.
57. z conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A04215, doi: 10.1029/ 2005JA011545.
58. Wilken, B., et al. (1997), RAPID: The imaging energetic particle spectrometer on Cluster, Space Sci. Rev., 79, 399.
59. Williams, D. J., R. W. McEntire, C. Schlemm II, A. T. Y. Lui, G. Gloeckler, S. P. Christon, and F. Gliem (1994), Geotail energetic particles and ion composition instrument, J. Geophys. Geoelect., 46, 39.
60. Wing, S., and P. T. Newell (1998), Central plasma sheet ion properties as inferred from ionospheric observations, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6785.
61. Wing, S., J. R. Johnson, P. T. Newell, and C.-I. Meng (2005), Dawn-Dusk asymmetries, ion spectra, and sources in the northward interplanetary magnetic field plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A08205, doi:10.1029/ 2005JA011086.
62. Wing, S., J. R. Johnson, and M. Fujimoto (2006), Timescale for the formation of the cold-dense plasma sheet: A case study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L23106, doi:10.1029/2006GL027110.