Expert witness confidence and juror personality: Their impact on credibility and persuasion in the courtroom

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 63-74

  Cramer, Robert J ^a   Brodsky, Stanley L ^a   DeCoster, Jamie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COURT; DATA ANALYSIS; DECISION MAKING; EXPERT WITNESS; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PERSONALITY TEST; PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION; PILOT STUDY; SELF CONTROL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERCEPTION; PERSONALITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; DECISION MAKING; EXPERT TESTIMONY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONALITY; PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES;

EID: 66149114827     PISSN: 10936793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Brodsky SL: Coping with Cross Examination and Other Pathways to Effective Testimony. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2004
2. Gutheil TG, Commons ML, Miller PM: Personal questions on cross examination: a pilot study of expert witness attitudes. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 29:85-8, 2001
3. Norris DM, Gutheil TG: Harassment and intimidation of forensic psychiatrists: an update. Int J Law Psychiatry 26:437-45,2003
4. Boccaccini MT, Brodsky SL: Believability of expert and lay witnesses: implications for trial consultation. Profess Psychol 33: 384-88, 2002
5. Luus CA, Wells GL: The malleability of eyewitness confidence: cowitness and perseverance effects. J Appl Psychol 79:714-23, 1994
6. Wells GL: Expert psychological testimony: empirical and conceptual analyses of effects. Law Hum Behav 10:83-95, 1986
7. Williams FP, McShane MD: Psychological testimony and the decisions of prospective death-qualified jurors, in Death Penalty in America: Current Research. Edited by Bohm RM. Cincinnati, OH: American Publishing Company, 1991, pp 71-88
8. Griffin MP, Brodsky SL, Blackwood H, et al.: The Witness Credibility Scale. Unpublished Document. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama, 2005
9. Shuman DW, Champagne A, Whitaker E: Assessing the believability of expert witnesses: science in the jury box. Jurimetr J 37:23-33,1996
10. Shuman DW, Champagne A, Whitaker E: Juror assessments of the believability of expert witnesses: a literature review. Jurimetr J 36:371-82,1996
11. Gutheil TG: The presentation of forensic psychiatric evidence in court. Israel J Psychiatry Rel Sci 37:137-44, 2000
12. McCroskey JC: Scales for the measurement of ethos. Speech Monogr 33:65-72, 1966
13. McCroskey JC, Teven JJ: Good will: a reexamination of the construct and its measurement. Commun Monogr 66:90-103,1999
14. Cole JG, McCroskey JC: The association of perceived communication apprehension, shyness, and verbal aggression with perceptions of source credibility and affect in organization and interpersonal contexts. Commun Q51:101-ll, 2003
15. Berlo DK, Lemert JB, Mertz RJ: Dimensions for evaluating the acceptability of message sources. Public OpinQ33:563-76,1969
16. Whitehead JL: Factors of source credibility. QJ Speech 54:59-63, 1968
17. Woodall WG, Burgoon JK: Talking fast and changing attitudes: a critique and clarification. J Nonverb Behav 8:126-42, 1983
18. Brodsky SL: The expert expert witness: more maxims and guidelines for testifying in court. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1999
19. Slovenko R: Testifying with confidence. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 27:127-31,1999
20. O'Barr WM: Linguistic Evidence: Language, Power, and Strategy in the Courtroom. New York: Academic Press, 1982
21. Thomas JP, McFayden RG: The confidence heuristic: a game theoretic analysis. J Econ Psychol 16:97-113, 1995
22. Rogers R, Bagby RM, Crouch M, et al.: Effects of ultimate opinions on juror perceptions of insanity. Int J Law Psychiatry 13: 225-32, 1990
23. Champagne A, Shuman D, Whitaker E: An empirical examination of the use of expert witnesses in American courts. Jurimetr J 31:375-92, 1991
24. Price PC, Stone ER: Intuitive evaluation of likelihood judgment producers: evidence for a confidence heuristic. J Behav Decis Mak 17:39-57, 2004
25. Pulford B, Colman AM: Testing the confidence heuristic: are confidence communicators more persuasive? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the British Psychological Society, Manchester, UK, April 2005
26. Yates JF: Judgment and Decision Making. New York: Prentice Hall, 1990
27. Yates JF, Price PC, Lee JW, et at. Good probabilistic forecasters: the 'consumer's' perspective. Int J Forecast 12:41-56, 1996
28. Loftus EF: Planting misinformation in the human mind: a 30-year investigation of the malleability in memory. Learn Mem 12:361-6, 2005
29. Jiang JJ, Klein G, Vedder RG: Persuasive expert systems: the influence of confidence and discrepancy. Comput Hum Behav 16:99-109, 2000
30. London H, McSeveney D, Tropper R: Confidence, overconfi-dence, and persuasion. Hum Relat 24:359-69, 1971
31. Kwong See ST, Hoffman HG, Wood TL: Perceptions of an old female eye witness: is the older eyewitness believable? Psychol Aging 16:346-50, 2001
32. Ledford A: The role of personal experience in juror decision making: bias versus the capacity to believe. Dissertation Abstracts Int: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 59:2448, 1998
33. McCrae RR, Costa PT: Personality in Adulthood: A Five-Factor Theory Perspective. New York: Guilford Press, 2003
34. Costa PT, McCrae RR: The NEO-PIR Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1992
35. Mazure CM, Maciejewski PK, Jacobs SC: Stressful life events interacting with cognitive/personality styles to predict late-onset major depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 10:297-304, 2002
36. Piedmont RL: Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality?-spiritual transcendence and the five-factor model. J Pers 67:985-1013, 1999
37. Moran G, Comfort JC: Scientific juror selection: sex as a moderator of demographic and personality predictors of impaneled felony juror behavior. J Pers Soc Psychol 47:1052-63, 1982
38. Rotenberg KJ, Hewlett MG, Siegwart CM: Principled moral reasoning and self monitoring as predictors of jury functioning. Basic Appl Soc Psychol 20:167-73, 1998
39. Sealy AP: Another look at social psychological aspects of juror bias. Law Hum Behav 5:187-200, 1981
40. Shaffer DR, Wheatman SR: Does personality influence reactions to judicial instructions?-some preliminary findings and possible implications. Psychol Public Policy Law 6:655-76, 2000
41. Narby DJ, Cutler BL, Moran G: A meta-analysis of the association between authoritarianism and jurors' perceptions of defendant culpability. J Appl Psychol 78:34-42, 1993
42. Marcus D, Lyons P, Guyton M: Studying perceptions of juror influence in vivo: a social relations analysis. Law Hum Behav 24:173-86,2000
43. Mills CJ, Bohannon WE: Character structure and jury behavior: conceptual and applied implications. J Pers Soc Psychol 38:662-7, 1980
44. Pederson S: Predicting juror behavior with personality traits. Unpublished Master's Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, CA, 1997
45. Krishnamurthy T: Relationship among persuasibility, modernity and value orientation. J Psychol Res 31:116-20, 1987
46. Corder BF, Spalding V, Whiteside D, et at. Expert witness testimony in sentencing phases of trials: survey of judges, attorneys, psychiatrists and psychologists. Am J Forensic Psychol 8:55-62, 1990
47. Reid WH: Psychiatry and the death penalty. J Psychiatr Pract 7:216-19,2001
48. Krauss DA, Sales BD: The effects of clinical and scientific expert testimony on juror decision making in capital sentencing. Psychol Public Policy Law 7:267-310, 2001
49. Krauss DA, Lee DH: Deliberating on dangerousness and death: jurors' ability to differentiate between expert actuarial and clinical predictions of dangerousness. Int J Law Psychiatry 26:113-37, 2003
50. Shapiro JP: Relationship between dimension of depression experience and evaluation beliefs about people in general. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 14:388-400, 1988
51. Goldberg LR: A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models, in Personality Psychology in Europe. Edited by Mervielde I, Deary I, De Fruyt F, et al.. Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press, 1999, pp 7-28
52. International Personality Item Pool: A scientific coUaboratory for the development of advanced measures of personality traits and other individual differences (http://ipip.ori.org/). Internet Web Site, 2001. Accessed February 1, 2007
53. Witherspoon v. Illinois, 391 U.S. 510 (1968)
54. Cohen J, Cohen P, West SG, etat. Applied Multiple Regression/ Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (ed 3). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 2003
55. Boccaccini MT, Gordon T, Brodsky SL: Effect of witness preparation on witness confidence and nervousness. J Forensic Psychol Pract 3:39-51, 2003
56. Montgomery JH, Ciccone JR, Garvey SP: Expert testimony in capital sentencing: juror responses. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 33:509-18, 2005
57. Bornstein BH: The ecological validity of jury simulations: is the jury still out? Law Hum Behav 23:75-91, 1999
58. Haney C: Psychology and legal change: the impact of a decade. Law Hum Behav 17:371-98, 1993
59. Dillehay RC, Sandys MR: Life under Wainright v. Witt: juror dispositions and death qualification. Law Hum Behav 20:147-65, 1996
60. Butler B, Moran G: The impact of death qualification, belief in a just world, legal authoritarianism, and locus of control on venire-persons' evaluation of aggravating and mitigating circumstances in capital trials. Behav Sci Law 25:57-68, 2007
61. Beckham CM, Spray BJ, Pietz CA: Jurors' locus of control and defendants' attractiveness in death penalty sentencing. J Soc Psychol 147:285-98, 2007