Hybrid Imaging (SPECT/CT and PET/CT)-Improving the Diagnostic Accuracy of Functional/Metabolic and Anatomic Imaging

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 264-275

  Even Sapir, Einat ^a   Keidar, Zohar ^b   Bar Shalom, Rachel ^b  

^a TEL AVIV SOURASKY MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^b Department of Nuclear Medicine ^*  (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

(3 IODOBENZYL)GUANIDINE I 123; (3 IODOBENZYL)GUANIDINE I 131; 1 FLUORO 3 (2 NITRO 1 IMIDAZOLYL) 2 PROPANOL F 18; CAPROMAB PENDETIDE IN 111; CIPROFLOXACIN; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; GALLIUM 67; HEXAMETHYLPROPYLENE AMINE OXIME TECHNETIUM TC 99M; IMATINIB; INTERLEUKIN 8; IODINE 131; MEDRONATE TECHNETIUM TC 99M; RADIOISOTOPE; TECHNETIUM 99M;

BONE DISEASE; BREAST CANCER; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SURGERY; CELL LABELING; COLORECTAL CANCER; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIABETIC FOOT; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DRUG UPTAKE; GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR; GRAFT INFECTION; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HUMAN; HYBRID IMAGING; IMAGE QUALITY; IMAGING SYSTEM; IMMUNOSCINTIGRAPHY; INFECTION; INTENSITY MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; ISOTOPE LABELING; LYMPHOMA; METASTASIS; NEOPLASM; NEUROBLASTOMA; OSTEOMYELITIS; OVARY CARCINOMA; PARATHYROID ADENOMA; PARATHYROIDECTOMY; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTHESIS INFECTION; PYREXIA IDIOPATHICA; RADIATION DOSE; RADIOSENSITIVITY; REVIEW; SCINTIGRAPHY; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; SOFT TISSUE INFECTION; THYROID CARCINOMA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT PLANNING; TUMOR LOCALIZATION; PROCEDURES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TRANSPORT AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL;

BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; HUMANS; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED, SINGLE-PHOTON; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 66049122599     PISSN: 00012998     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2009.03.004     Document Type: Review

References (132)

1. Zaidi H., and Hasegawa B.H. Determination of the attenuation map in emission tomography. J Nucl Med 44 (2003) 291-315
2. Townsend D.W., Beyer T., and Blodgett T.M. PET/CT scanners: A hardware approach to image fusion. Semin Nucl Med 33 (2003) 193-204
3. Seo Y., Wong K.H., Sun M., et al. Correction of photon attenuation and collimator response for a body-contouring SPECT/CT imaging system. J Nucl Med 46 (2005) 868-877
4. DePuey III E.G. How to detect and avoid myocardial perfusion SPECT artifacts. J Nucl Med 35 (1994) 699-702
5. DePuey E.G., and Garcia E.V. Optimal specificity of thallium-201 SPECT through recognition of imaging artifacts. J Nucl Med 30 (1989) 441-449
6. O'Connor M.K., Kemp B., Anstett F., et al. A multicenter evaluation of commercial attenuation compensation techniques in cardiac SPECT using phantom models. J Nucl Cardiol 9 (2002) 361-376
7. Garcia E.V. SPECT attenuation correction: An essential tool to realize nuclear cardiology's manifest destiny. J Nucl Cardiol 14 (2007) 16-24
8. Fricke H., Fricke E., Weise R., et al. A method to remove artifacts in attenuation-corrected myocardial perfusion SPECT Introduced by misalignment between emission scan and CT-derived attenuation maps. J Nucl Med 45 (2004) 1619-1625
9. Goetze S., Brown T.L., Lavely W.C., et al. Attenuation correction in myocardial perfusion SPECT/CT: Effects of misregistration and value of reregistration. J Nucl Med 48 (2007) 1090-1095
10. Goetze S., and Wahl R.L. Prevalence of misregistration between SPECT and CT for attenuation-corrected myocardial perfusion SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol 14 (2007) 200-206
11. Ruf J., Steffen I., Mehl S., et al. Influence of attenuation correction by integrated low-dose CT on somatostatin receptor SPECT. Nucl Med Commun 28 (2007) 782-788
12. Ruf J., Seehofer D., Denecke T., et al. Impact of image fusion and attenuation correction by SPECT-CT on the scintigraphic detection of parathyroid adenomas. Nuklearmedizin 46 (2007) 15-21
13. Kostakoglu L., Hardoff R., Mirtcheva R., et al. PET-CT fusion imaging in differentiating physiologic from pathologic FDG uptake. Radiographics 24 (2004) 1411-1431
14. Even-Sapir E., Metser U., Flusser G., et al. Assessment of malignant skeletal disease: Initial experience with 18F-fluoride PET/CT and comparison between 18F-fluoride PET and 18F-fluoride PET/CT. J Nucl Med 45 (2004) 272-278
15. Townsend D.W. Dual-modality imaging: Combining anatomy and function. J Nucl Med 49 (2008) 938-955
16. Wahl R.L. To AC or not to AC: That is the question. J Nucl Med 40 (1999) 2025-2028
17. Cohade C., Osman M., Leal J., et al. Direct comparison of (18)F-FDG PET and PET/CT in patients with colorectal carcinoma. J Nucl Med 44 (2003) 1797-1803
18. Zaidi H. Is radionuclide transmission scanning obsolete for dual-modality PET/CT systems?. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34 (2007) 815-818
19. Bai C., Kinahan P.E., Brasse D., et al. An analytic study of the effects of attenuation on tumor detection in whole-body PET oncology imaging. J Nucl Med 44 (2003) 1855-1861
20. Belhocine T.Z., Scott A.M., Even-Sapir E., et al. Role of nuclear medicine in the management of cutaneous malignant melanoma. J Nucl Med 47 (2006) 957-967
21. van der Ploeg I.M., Olmos R.A., Kroon B.B., et al. The hidden sentinel node and SPECT/CT in breast cancer patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 36 (2009) 6-11
22. Lerman H., Lievshitz G., Zak O., et al. Improved sentinel node identification by SPECT/CT in overweight patients with breast cancer. J Nucl Med 48 (2007) 201-206
23. Even-Sapir E., Lerman H., Lievshitz G., et al. Lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel node mapping using a hybrid SPECT/CT system. J Nucl Med 44 (2003) 1413-1420
24. Khafif A., Schneebaum S., Fliss D.M., et al. Lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel node mapping using a hybrid single photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT system in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 28 (2006) 874-879
25. Bilde A., Von Buchwald C., Mortensen J., et al. The role of SPECT-CT in the lymphoscintigraphic identification of sentinel nodes in patients with oral cancer. Acta Otolaryngol 126 (2006) 1096-1103
26. Keski-Santti H., Mätzke S., Kauppinen T., et al. Sentinel lymph node mapping using SPECT-CT fusion imaging in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 263 (2006) 1008-1012
27. Wagner A., Schicho K., Glaser C., et al. SPECT-CT for topographic mapping of sentinel lymph nodes prior to gamma probe-guided biopsy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 32 (2004) 343-349
28. Metser U., and Even-Sapir E. Increased (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in benign, nonphysiologic lesions found on whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT): Accumulated data from four years of experience with PET/CT. Semin Nucl Med 37 (2007) 206-222
29. Lerman H., Metser U., Lievshitz G., et al. Lymphoscintigraphic sentinel node identification in patients with breast cancer: The role of SPECT-CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33 (2006) 329-337
30. Gibril F., Reynolds J.C., Chen C.C., et al. Specificity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: A prospective study and effects of false-positive localizations on management in patients with gastrinomas. J Nucl Med 40 (1999) 539-553
31. Hillel P.G., van Beek E.J., Taylor C., et al. The clinical impact of a combined gamma camera/CT imaging system on somatostatin receptor imaging of neuroendocrine tumours. Clin Radiol 61 (2006) 579-587
32. Castaldi P., Rufini V., Treglia G., et al. Impact of 111In-DTPA-octreotide SPECT/CT fusion images in the management of neuroendocrine tumours. Radiol Med 113 (2008) 1056-1067
33. Roach P.J., Schembri G.P., Ho Shon I.A., et al. SPECT/CT imaging using a spiral CT scanner for anatomical localization: Impact on diagnostic accuracy and reporter confidence in clinical practice. Nucl Med Commun 27 (2006) 977-987
34. Schillaci O. Functional-anatomical image fusion in neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 19 (2004) 129-134
35. Ingui C.J., Shah N.P., and Oates M.E. Endocrine neoplasm scintigraphy: Added value of fusing SPECT/CT images compared with traditional side-by-side analysis. Clin Nucl Med 31 (2006) 665-672
36. Ameri P., Gatto F., Arvigo M., et al. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in thoracic diseases. J Endocrinol Invest 30 (2007) 889-902
37. Even-Sapir E., Keidar Z., Sachs J., et al. The new technology of combined transmission and emission tomography in evaluation of endocrine neoplasms. J Nucl Med 42 (2001) 998-1004
38. Krausz Y., Keidar Z., Kogan I., et al. SPECT/CT hybrid imaging with 111In-pentetreotide in assessment of neuroendocrine tumours. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 59 (2003) 565-573
39. Perri M., Erba P., Volterrani D., et al. Octreo-SPECT/CT imaging for accurate detection and localization of suspected neuroendocrine tumors. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 52 (2008) 323-333
40. Pfannenberg A.C., Eschmann S.M., Horger M., et al. Benefit of anatomical-functional image fusion in the diagnostic work-up of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30 (2003) 835-843
41. Franzius C., Hermann K., Weckesser M., et al. Whole-body PET/CT with 11C-meta-hydroxyephedrine in tumors of the sympathetic nervous system: Feasibility study and comparison with 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT. J Nucl Med 47 (2006) 1635-1642
42. Avram A.M., Fig L.M., and Gross M.D. Adrenal gland scintigraphy. Semin Nucl Med 36 (2006) 212-227
43. Hasegawa B.H., Iwata K., Wong K.H., et al. Dual-modality imaging of function and physiology. Acad Radiol 9 (2002) 1305-1321
44. Chen L., Luo Q., Shen Y., et al. Incremental value of 131I SPECT/CT in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med 49 (2008) 1952-1957
45. Ruf J., Lehmkuhl L., Bertram H., et al. Impact of SPECT and integrated low-dose CT after radioiodine therapy on the management of patients with thyroid carcinoma. Nucl Med Commun 25 (2004) 1177-1182
46. Tharp K., Israel O., Hausmann J., et al. Impact of 131I-SPECT/CT images obtained with an integrated system in the follow-up of patients with thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31 (2004) 1435-1442
47. Aide N., Lehembre E., Gervais R., et al. Unusual intratracheal metastasis of differentiated thyroid cancer accurately depicted by SPECT/CT acquisition after radioiodine ablation. Thyroidology 17 (2007) 1305-1306
48. Rachinsky I., and Driedger A. Iodine-131 uptake in a menstruating uterus: Value of SPECT/CT in distinguishing benign and metastatic iodine-positive lesions. Thyroidology 17 (2007) 901-902
49. Sakahara H., Yamashita S., Suzuki K., et al. Visualization of nasolacrimal drainage system after radioiodine therapy in patients with thyroid cancer. Ann Nucl Med 21 (2007) 525-527
50. von Falck C., Beer G., Gratz K.F., et al. Renal metastases from follicular thyroid cancer on SPECT/CT. Clin Nucl Med 32 (2007) 751-752
51. Wong K.K., and Avram A.M. Posttherapy I-131 thymic uptake demonstrated with SPECT/CT in a young girl with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroidology 18 (2008) 919-920
52. Macdonald W., and Armstrong J. Benign struma ovarii in a patient with invasive papillary thyroid cancer: Detection with I-131 SPECT-CT. Clin Nucl Med 32 (2007) 380-382
53. Gayed I.W., Kim E.E., Broussard W.F., et al. The value of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT over conventional SPECT in the evaluation of parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia. J Nucl Med 46 (2005) 248-252
54. Harris L., Yoo J., Driedger A., et al. Accuracy of technetium-99m SPECT-CT hybrid images in predicting the precise intraoperative anatomical location of parathyroid adenomas. Head Neck 30 (2008) 509-517
55. Krausz Y., Bettman L., Guralnik L., et al. Technetium-99m-MIBI SPECT/CT in primary hyperparathyroidism. World J Surg 30 (2006) 76-83
56. Lavely W.C., Goetze S., Friedman K.P., et al. Comparison of SPECT/CT, SPECT, and planar imaging with single- and dual-phase (99m)Tc-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. J Nucl Med 48 (2007) 1084-1089
57. Papathanassiou D., Flament J.B., Pochart J.M., et al. SPECT/CT in localization of parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia in patients with previous neck surgery. Clin Nucl Med 33 (2008) 394-397
58. Bar-Shalom R., Keidar Z., and Krausz Y. Prospective image fusion-The role of SPECT/CT and PET/CT hybrid systems. In: Henkin R.E., and Bova D. (Eds). Textbook of Nuclear Medicine. (ed 2) (2006), Elsevier Science, Philadelphia 1527-1544
59. Bybel B., Brunken R.C., DiFilippo F.P., et al. SPECT/CT imaging: Clinical utility of an emerging technology. Radiographics 28 (2008) 1097-1113
60. Seo Y., Franc B.L., Hawkins R.A., et al. Progress in SPECT/CT imaging of prostate cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 5 (2006) 329-336
61. Ellis R.J., Zhou E.H., Fu P., et al. Single photon emission computerized tomography with capromab pendetide plus computerized tomography image set co-registration independently predicts biochemical failure. J Urol 179 (2008) 1768-1773 discussion 1773-1774
62. Ellis R.J., and Kaminsky D.A. Fused radioimmunoscintigraphy for treatment planning. Rev Urol 8 suppl 1 (2006) S11-S19
63. Ellis R.J., Zhou H., Kim E.Y., et al. Biochemical disease-free survival rates following definitive low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy with dose escalation to biologic target volumes identified with SPECT/CT capromab pendetide. Brachytherapy 6 (2007) 16-25
64. Buck A.K., Nekolla S., Ziegler S., et al. SPECT/CT. J Nucl Med 49 (2008) 1305-1319
65. Palestro C.J., Love C., and Miller T.T. Diagnostic imaging tests and microbial infections. Cell Microbiol 9 (2007) 2323-2333
66. Filippi L., and Schillaci O. SPECT/CT with a hybrid camera: A new imaging modality for the functional anatomical mapping of infections. Expert Rev Med Devices 3 (2006) 699-703
67. Bar-Shalom R., Yefremov N., Guralnik L., et al. SPECT/CT using 67Ga and 111In-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy for diagnosis of infection. J Nucl Med 47 (2006) 587-594
68. Filippi L., and Schillaci O. Usefulness of hybrid SPECT/CT in 99mTc-HMPAO-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy for bone and joint infections. J Nucl Med 47 (2006) 1908-1913
69. Horger M., Yefremov N., Guralnik L., et al. Added value of SPECT/CT in patients suspected of having bone infection: Preliminary results. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 127 (2007) 211-221
70. Ingui C.J., Shah N.P., and Oates M.E. Infection scintigraphy: Added value of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography fusion compared with traditional analysis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 31 (2007) 375-380
71. Slart R.H., Koopmans K.P., Gunneweg P., et al. Persistent aseptic meningitis due to post-surgical spinal CSF leakage: Value of fused (111m)In-DTPA SPECT-CT cisternography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33 (2006) 856
72. Branstetter B.F.4t., Blodgett T.M., Zimmer L.A., et al. Head and neck malignancy: Is PET/CT more accurate than PET or CT alone?. Radiology 235 (2005) 580-586
73. Wahl R.L. Why nearly all PET of abdominal and pelvic cancers will be performed as PET/CT. J Nucl Med 45 suppl 1 (2004) 82S-95S
74. Dirisamer A., Schima W., Heinisch M., et al. Detection of histologically proven peritoneal carcinomatosis with fused 18F-FDG-PET/MDCT. Eur J Radiol 69 (2008) 536-541
75. Metser U., Golan O., Levine C.D., et al. Tumor lesion detection: When is integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography more accurate than side-by-side interpretation of positron emission tomography and computed tomography?. J Comput Assist Tomogr 29 (2005) 554-559
76. Balink H., and Reijnen M.M. Diagnosis of abdominal aortic prosthesis infection with FDG-PET/CT. Vasc Endovasc Surg 41 (2007) 428-432
77. Keidar Z., Engel A., Hoffman A., et al. Prosthetic vascular graft infection: The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Med 48 (2007) 1230-1236
78. Keidar Z., Gurman-Balbir A., Gaitini D., et al. Fever of unknown origin: The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Med 49 (2008) 1980-1985
79. Keidar Z., Militianu D., Melamed E., et al. The diabetic foot: Initial experience with 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Med 46 (2005) 444-449
80. Tegler G., Sörensen J., Björck M., et al. Detection of aortic graft infection by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography. J Vasc Surg 45 (2007) 828-830
81. Wassélius J., Malmstedt J., Kalin B., et al. High 18F-FDG Uptake in synthetic aortic vascular grafts on PET/CT in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. J Nucl Med 49 (2008) 1601-1605
82. Jaruskova M., and Belohlavek O. Role of FDG-PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis of prolonged febrile states. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33 (2006) 913-918
83. Meller J., Sahlmann C.O., and Scheel A.K. 18F-FDG PET and PET/CT in fever of unknown origin. J Nucl Med 48 (2007) 35-45
84. Hartmann A., Eid K., Dora C., et al. Diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in trauma patients with suspected chronic osteomyelitis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34 (2007) 704-714
85. Strobel K., and Stumpe K.D. PET/CT in musculoskeletal infection. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 11 (2007) 353-364
86. Stumpe K.D., and Strobel K. 18F FDG-PET imaging in musculoskeletal infection. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 50 (2006) 131-142
87. Metser U., Lerman H., Blank A., et al. Malignant involvement of the spine: Assessment by 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Med 45 (2004) 279-284
88. Nakamoto Y., Cohade C., Tatsumi M., et al. CT appearance of bone metastases detected with FDG PET as part of the same PET/CT examination. Radiology 237 (2005) 627-634
89. Bar-Shalom R., Yefremov N., Guralnik L., et al. Clinical performance of PET/CT in evaluation of cancer: Additional value for diagnostic imaging and patient management. J Nucl Med 44 (2003) 1200-1209
90. Israel O., Mor M., Guralnik L., et al. Is 18F-FDG PET/CT useful for imaging and management of patients with suspected occult recurrence of cancer?. J Nucl Med 45 (2004) 2045-2051
91. Lardinois D., Weder W., Hany T.F., et al. Staging of non-small-cell lung cancer with integrated positron-emission tomography and computed tomography. N Engl J Med 348 (2003) 2500-2507
92. Bar-Shalom R., Guralnik L., Tsalic M., et al. The additional value of PET/CT over PET in FDG imaging of oesophageal cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 32 (2005) 918-924
93. Gerth H.U., Juergens K.U., Dirksen U., et al. Significant benefit of multimodal imaging: PET/CT compared with PET alone in staging and follow-up of patients with Ewing tumors. J Nucl Med 48 (2007) 1932-1939
94. Czernin J., Allen-Auerbach M., and Schelbert H.R. Improvements in cancer staging with PET/CT: literature-based evidence as of September 2006. J Nucl Med 48 suppl 1 (2007) 78S-88S
95. la Fougère C., Hundt W., Bröckel N., et al. Value of PET/CT versus PET and CT performed as separate investigations in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33 (2006) 1417-1425
96. Raanani P., Shasha Y., Perry C., et al. Is CT scan still necessary for staging in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients in the PET/CT era?. Ann Oncol 17 (2006) 117-122
97. Taira A.V., Herfkens R.J., Gambhir S.S., et al. Detection of bone metastases: Assessment of integrated FDG PET/CT imaging. Radiology 243 (2007) 204-211
98. Horger M., and Bares R. The role of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography in benign and malignant bone disease. Semin Nucl Med 36 (2006) 286-294
99. Even-Sapir E., Lerman H., Gutman M., et al. The presentation of malignant tumours and pre-malignant lesions incidentally found on PET-CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33 (2006) 541-552
100. Horger M., Eschmann S.M., Pfannenberg C., et al. Evaluation of combined transmission and emission tomography for classification of skeletal lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183 (2004) 655-661
101. Utsunomiya D., Shiraishi S., Imuta M., et al. Added value of SPECT/CT fusion in assessing suspected bone metastasis: Comparison with scintigraphy alone and nonfused scintigraphy and CT. Radiology 238 (2006) 264-271
102. Romer W., Nömayr A., Uder M., et al. SPECT-guided CT for evaluating foci of increased bone metabolism classified as indeterminate on SPECT in cancer patients. J Nucl Med 47 (2006) 1102-1106
103. Strobel K., Exner U.E., Stumpe K.D., et al. The additional value of CT images interpretation in the differential diagnosis of benign vs. malignant primary bone lesions with 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 35 (2008) 2000-2008
104. Fogelman I., Cook G., Israel O., et al. Positron emission tomography and bone metastases. Semin Nucl Med 35 (2005) 135-142
105. Israel O., Goldberg A., Nachtigal A., et al. FDG-PET and CT patterns of bone metastases and their relationship to previously administered anti-cancer therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33 (2006) 1280-1284
106. Pakos E.E., Fotopoulos A.D., and Ioannidis J.P. 18F-FDG PET for evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in staging of lymphoma: A meta-analysis. J Nucl Med 46 (2005) 958-963
107. Even-Sapir E., Metser U., Mishani E., et al. The detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer: 99mTc-MDP Planar bone scintigraphy, single- and multi-field-of-view SPECT, 18F-fluoride PET, and 18F-fluoride PET/CT. J Nucl Med 47 (2006) 287-297
108. Ovadia D., Metser U., Lievshitz G., et al. Back pain in adolescents: Assessment with integrated 18F-fluoride positron-emission tomography-computed tomography. J Pediatr Orthop 27 (2007) 90-93
109. Even-Sapir E., Mishani E., Flusser G., et al. 18F-Fluoride positron emission tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Semin Nucl Med 37 (2007) 462-469
110. Tuncel M., Souvatzoglou M., Herrmann K., et al. [(11)C]Choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography for staging and restaging of patients with advanced prostate cancer. Nucl Med Biol 35 (2008) 689-695
111. Dankerl A., Liebisch P., Glatting G., et al. Multiple myeloma: Molecular imaging with 11C-methionine PET/CT--Initial experience. Radiology 242 (2007) 498-508
112. O'Sullivan P.J., Rohren E.M., and Madewell J.E. Positron emission tomography-CT imaging in guiding musculoskeletal biopsy. Radiol Clin North Am 46 (2008) 475-486
113. Goerres G.W., Stupp R., Barghouth G., et al. The value of PET, CT and in-line PET/CT in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours: Long-term outcome of treatment with imatinib mesylate. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 32 (2005) 153-162
114. Guido A., Fuccio L., Rombi B., et al. Combined 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging in radiotherapy target delineation for head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73 (2008) 759-763
115. Gordin A., Golz A., Keidar Z., et al. The role of FDG-PET/CT imaging in head and neck malignant conditions: Impact on diagnostic accuracy and patient care. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 137 (2007) 130-137
116. Faria S.L., Menard S., Devic S., et al. Impact of FDG-PET/CT on radiotherapy volume delineation in non-small-cell lung cancer and correlation of imaging stage with pathologic findings. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70 (2008) 1035-1038
117. Greco C., Rosenzweig K., Cascini G.L., et al. Current status of PET/CT for tumour volume definition in radiotherapy treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 57 (2007) 125-134
118. Deniaud-Alexandre E., Touboul E., Lerouge D., et al. Impact of computed tomography and 18F-deoxyglucose coincidence detection emission tomography image fusion for optimization of conformal radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63 (2005) 1432-1441
119. van Loon J., Offermann C., Bosmans G., et al. 18FDG-PET based radiation planning of mediastinal lymph nodes in limited disease small cell lung cancer changes radiotherapy fields: A planning study. Radiother Oncol 87 (2008) 49-54
120. Newbold K.L., Partridge M., Cook G., et al. Evaluation of the role of 18FDG-PET/CT in radiotherapy target definition in patients with head and neck cancer. Acta Oncol 47 (2008) 1229-1236
121. Scarfone C., Lavely W.C., Cmelak A.J., et al. Prospective feasibility trial of radiotherapy target definition for head and neck cancer using 3-dimensional PET and CT imaging. J Nucl Med 45 (2004) 543-552
122. Hutchings M., Loft A., Hansen M., et al. Clinical impact of FDG-PET/CT in the planning of radiotherapy for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 78 (2007) 206-212
123. Even-Sapir E., Flusser G., Lerman H., et al. SPECT/multislice low-dose CT: A clinically relevant constituent in the imaging algorithm of nononcologic patients referred for bone scintigraphy. J Nucl Med 48 (2007) 319-324
124. Lee N.Y., Mechalakos J.G., Nehmeh S., et al. Fluorine-18-labeled fluoromisonidazole positron emission and computed tomography-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A feasibility study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70 (2008) 2-13
125. Patel D.A., Chang S.T., Goodman K.A., et al. Impact of integrated PET/CT on variability of target volume delineation in rectal cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 6 (2007) 31-36
126. von Schulthess G.K., Steinert H.C., and Hany T.F. Integrated PET/CT: Current applications and future directions. Radiology 238 (2006) 405-422
127. Schoder H., Yeung H.W., Gonen M., et al. Head and neck cancer: Clinical usefulness and accuracy of PET/CT image fusion. Radiology 231 (2004) 65-72
128. Weber W.A., and Figlin R. Monitoring cancer treatment with PET/CT: Does it make a difference?. J Nucl Med 48 suppl 1 (2007) 36S-44S
129. Keidar Z., Haim N., Guralnik L., et al. PET/CT using 18F-FDG in suspected lung cancer recurrence: Diagnostic value and impact on patient management. J Nucl Med 45 (2004) 1640-1646
130. Antoch G., Kanja J., Bauer S., et al. Comparison of PET, CT, and dual-modality PET/CT imaging for monitoring of imatinib (STI571) therapy in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Nucl Med 45 (2004) 357-365
131. Du Y., Cullum I., Illidge T.M., et al. Fusion of metabolic function and morphology: Sequential [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography studies yield new insights into the natural history of bone metastases in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 25 (2007) 3440-3447
132. Rozovsky K., Koplewitz B.Z., Krausz Y., et al. Added value of SPECT/CT for correlation of MIBG scintigraphy and diagnostic CT in neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190 (2008) 1085-1090