Mechanisms of exchange bias in DyFe2 / YFe2 exchange-coupled superlattices

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Volumn 79, Issue 14, 2009, Pages

  Fitzsimmons, M R ^a   Dufour, C ^b   Dumesnil, K ^b   Dou, Jian ^c   Pechan, Michael ^c  

^a LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b INSTITUT JEAN LAMOUR   (France)

^c MIAMI UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 66049115838     PISSN: 10980121     EISSN: 1550235X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.144425     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. W. H. Meiklejohn and C. P. Bean, Phys. Rev. 102, 1413 (1956). 10.1103/PhysRev.102.1413
2. W. H. Meiklejohn and C. P. Bean, Phys. Rev. 105, 904 (1957). 10.1103/PhysRev.105.904
3. J. Nogués and I. K. Schuller, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 192, 203 (1999). 10.1016/S0304-8853(98)00266-2
4. A. E. Berkowitz and K. Takano, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 200, 552 (1999). 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00453-9
5. B. Dieny, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 136, 335 (1994). 10.1016/0304-8853(94) 00356-4
6. I. R. McFadyen, E. E. Fullerton, and M. J. Carey, MRS Bull. 31, 379 (2006).
7. I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, Fine Particles, Thin Films, and Exchange Anisotropy in Magnetism, edited by, G. T. Rado, and, H. Suhl, (Academic, New York, 1963), Vol. 3, Chap., pp. 323-330
8. I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, Fine Particles, Thin Films, and Exchange Anisotropy in Magnetism, edited by, G. T. Rado, and, H. Suhl, (Academic, New York, 1963), Vol. 3, Chap., p. 324.
9. M. R. Fitzsimmons, S. D. Bader, J. A. Borchers, G. P. Felcher, J. K. Furdyna, A. Hoffmann, J. B. Kortright, Ivan K. Schuller, T. C. Schulthess, S. K. Sinha, M. F. Toney, D. Weller, and S. Wolf, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 271, 103 (2004). 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.09.046
10. J. B. Kortright, D. D. Awschalom, J. Stöhr, S. D. Bader, Y. U. Idzerda, S. S. P. Parkin, I. K. Schuller, and H. C. Siegmann, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 207, 7 (1999). 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00485-0
11. R. L. Stamps, J. Phys. D 33, R247 (2000). 10.1088/0022-3727/33/23/201
12. M. Kiwi, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 234, 584 (2001). 10.1016/S0304-8853(01) 00421-8
13. A. P. Malozemoff, Phys. Rev. B 35, 3679 (1987). 10.1103/PhysRevB.35.3679
14. U. Nowak, K. D. Usadel, J. Keller, P. Miltényi, B. Beschoten, and G. Güntherodt, Phys. Rev. B 66, 014430 (2002). 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.014430
15. J. Keller, P. Miltényi, B. Beschoten, G. Güntherodt, U. Nowak, and K. D. Usadel, Phys. Rev. B 66, 014431 (2002). 10.1103/PhysRevB.66. 014431
16. D. Mauri, H. C. Siegmann, and P. S. Bagus, J. Appl. Phys. 62, 3047 (1987). 10.1063/1.339367
17. T. C. Schulthess and W. H. Butler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4516 (1998). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4516
18. J. Nogués, C. Leighton, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. B 61, 1315 (2000). 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.1315
19. M. Cheon, Z. Liu, and D. Lederman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 012511 (2007). 10.1063/1.2429997
20. M. Cheon, L. Zhongyuan, and D. Lederman, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 09E503 (2007). 10.1063/1.2670517
21. H. Ohldag, T. J. Regan, J. Stöhr, A. Scholl, F. Nolting, J. Lüning, C. Stamm, S. Anders, and R. L. White, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 247201 (2001). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.247201
22. H. Ohldag, H. Shi, E. Arenholz, J. Stöhr, and D. Lederman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 027203 (2006). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.027203
23. S. Brück, G. Schütz, E. Goering, X. Ji, and K. M. Krishnan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 126402 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.126402
24. A. Hoffmann, J. W. Seo, M. R. Fitzsimmons, H. Siegwart, J. Fompeyrine, J. P. Locquet, J. A. Dura, and C. F. Majkrzak, Phys. Rev. B 66, 220406 (R) (2002). 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.220406
25. S. Roy, M. R. Fitzsimmons, S. Park, M. Dorn, O. Petracic, I. V. Roshchin, Z.-P. Li, X. Batlle, R. Morales, A. Misra, X. Zhang, K. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, S. K. Sinha, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 047201 (2005). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.047201
26. M. R. Fitzsimmons, B. J. Kirby, S. Roy, Z.-P. Li, I. V. Roshchin, S. K. Sinha, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. B 75, 214412 (2007). 10.1103/PhysRevB.75. 214412
27. I. V. Roshchin, O. Petracic, R. Morales, Z.-P. Li, X. Batlle, and I. K. Schuller, Europhys. Lett. 71, 297 (2005). 10.1209/epl/i2005-10078-2
28. F. Canet, S. Mangin, C. Bellouard, and M. Piecuch, Europhys. Lett. 52, 594 (2000). 10.1209/epl/i2000-00479-1
29. S. Mangin, F. Montaigne, and A. Schuhl, Phys. Rev. B 68, 140404 (R) (2003). 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.140404
30. S. Mangin, G. Marchal, and B. Barbara, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4336 (1999). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4336
31. Y. Henry, S. Mangin, T. Hauet, and F. Montaigne, Phys. Rev. B 73, 134420 (2006). 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.134420
32. M. R. Fitzsimmons, S. Park, K. Dumesnil, C. Dufour, R. Pynn, J. A. Borchers, J. J. Rhyne, and Ph. Mangin, Phys. Rev. B 73, 134413 (2006). 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.134413
33. K. Dumesnil, M. Dutheil, C. Dufour, and Ph. Mangin, Phys. Rev. B 62, 1136 (2000). 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.1136
34. S. M. Watson, T. Hauet, J. A. Borchers, S. Mangin, and E. E. Fullerton, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 202507 (2008). 10.1063/1.2936836
35. Z. J. Guo, J. S. Jiang, J. E. Pearson, S. D. Bader, and J. P. Liu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 2029 (2002). 10.1063/1.1504869
36. C. Ritter, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1, 2765 (1989). 10.1088/0953-8984/1/ 16/017
37. E. E. Fullerton, J. S. Jiang, M. Grimsditch, C. H. Sowers, and S. D. Bader, Phys. Rev. B 58, 12193 (1998). 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12193
38. M. Sawicki, G. J. Bowden, P. A. J. de Groot, B. D. Rainford, J. M. L. Beaujour, R. C. C. Ward, and M. R. Wells, Phys. Rev. B 62, 5817 (2000). 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.5817
39. F. Kneller and R. Hawig, IEEE Trans. Magn. 27, 3588 (1991). 10.1109/20.102931
40. O. Hellwig, J. B. Kortright, K. Takano, and E. E. Fullerton, Phys. Rev. B 62, 11694 (2000). 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.11694
41. F. Radu, M. Etzkorn, R. Siebrecht, T. Schmitte, K. Westerholt, and H. Zabel, Phys. Rev. B 67, 134409 (2003). 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134409
42. R. Coehoorn, D. B. De Mooij, and C. De Waard, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 80, 101 (1989). 10.1016/0304-8853(89)90333-8
43. L. H. Lewis, J. Kim, and K. Barmak, Physica B 327, 190 (2003). 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)01725-8
44. H. Zeng, J. Li, J. P. Lu, Z. L. Wang, and S. Sun, Nature (London) 420, 395 (2005). 10.1038/nature01208
45. Y. Henry, S. Mangin, and F. Montaigne, Phys. Rev. B 69, 140401 (R) (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.140401
46. J. McCord, Y. Henry, T. Hauet, F. Montaigne, E. E. Fullerton, and S. Mangin, Phys. Rev. B 78, 094417 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094417
47. J. S. Kouvel, Phys. Chem. Solids 16, 152 (1960). 10.1016/0022-3697(60) 90086-X
48. K. Dumesnil, C. Dufour, Ph. Mangin, and A. Rogalev, Phys. Rev. B 65, 094401 (2002). 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.094401
49. G. P. Felcher, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58, 609 (1987). 10.1063/1.1139225
50. C. F. Majkrzak, Physica B 221, 342 (1996). 10.1016/0921-4526(95)00948-5
51. M. R. Fitzsimmons and C. F. Majkrzak, in Modern Techniques for Characterizing Magnetic Materials, edited by, Y. Zhu, (Kluwer, Boston, 2005), pp. 107-152.
52. S. Park, M. R. Fitzsimmons, X. Y. Dong, B. D. Schultz, and C. J. Palmstrøm, Phys. Rev. B 70, 104406 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.104406
53. W. H. Press, Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1986), p. 294.
54. I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1597 (1980). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.44. 1597
55. A. Hoffmann, S. G. E. teVelthuis, Z. Sefrioui, J. Santamaria, M. R. Fitzsimmons, S. Park, and M. Varela, Phys. Rev. B 72, 140407 (R) (2005). 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.140407
56. S. J. May, A. B. Shah, S. G. E. teVelthuis, M. R. Fitzsimmons, J. M. Zuo, X. Zhai, J. N. Eckstein, S. D. Bader, and A. Bhattacharya, Phys. Rev. B 77, 174409 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.174409
57. L. G. Parratt, Phys. Rev. 95, 359 (1954). 10.1103/PhysRev.95.359
58. The difference between the magnetization of YFe2 at 12 and 300 K is expected to be small since both temperatures are well below the Curie temperature (545 K) of YFe2. See, L. Paolasini, R. Caciuffo, B. Roessli, G. H. Lander, K. Myers, and P. Canfield, Phys. Rev. B 59, 6867 (1999). 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6867
59. R. M. Richardson, J. R. P. Webster, and A. Zarbakhsh, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 30, 943 (1997). 10.1107/S0021889897003440
60. C.-C. Lin, C.-H. Lai, R.-F. Jiang, and H.-P. D. Shieh, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 6832 (2003). 10.1063/1.1556932
61. R. Morales, Z.-P. Li, J. Olamit, Kai Liu, J. M. Alameda, and Ivan K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 097201 (2009). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.097201
62. B. D. Cullity, Introduction to Magnetic Materials (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1972), p. 216.
63. E. Goto, N. Hayashi, T. Miyashita, and K. Nakagawa, J. Appl. Phys. 36, 2951 (1965). 10.1063/1.1714613
64. This implies the existence of anisotropy in a direction other than [1̄ 10]. However, we found no dependence of the coercive field (obtained from vibration sample magnetometry) on the angle at which the field was applied parallel to the plane of a single-crystal YFe2 thin film with respect to its in-plane crystallographic axes. Mössbauer spectroscopy of YFe2 films in zero field [A. Mougin, C. Dufour, K. Dumesnil, and Ph. Mangin, Phys. Rev. B 62, 9517 (2000)] found the magnetization of single-crystal YFe2 films to be aligned in a direction other than [1̄ 10]. 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.9517
65. V. K. Vlasko-Vlasov, U. Welp, J. S. Jiang, D. J. Miller, G. W. Crabtree, and S. D. Bader, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4386 (2001). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.4386
66. M. R. Fitzsimmons, P. Yashar, C. Leighton, Ivan K. Schuller, J. Nogués, C. F. Majkrzak, and J. A. Dura, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3986 (2000). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3986
67. To detect scattering from 10 nm lateral features requires access to Q >0.01-1. Because Q and Q are coupled using the geometry of off-specular reflectometry, access to large Q means Q is large, where even detection of the specular reflectivity challenges the limits of existing neutron reflectometers. Grazing incidence small-angle neutron scattering offers an opportunity to overcome the coupling between Q and Q, and this technique is being refined at several neutron-scattering facilities worldwide. See, for example, R. Pynn, M. R. Fitzsimmons, H. Fritzsche, M. Gierlings, J. Major, and A. Jason, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 053902 (2005). 10.1063/1.1884187
68. The optimum value for K YFe2 is reported. Acceptable values reported in Ref. range from 0 to 5.7× 106 erg/ cm3.
69. C. Kittel and C. Herring, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.77.725.2 77, 725 (1950).