Factors associated with increasing nursing home closures

Health Services Research

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 1088-1109

  Castle, Nicholas G ^a   Engberg, John ^b   Lave, Judith ^a   Fisher, Andrew ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b RAND CORPORATION   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Closures; Nursing homes; OSCAR; Quality

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMPETITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HOSPITAL BED CAPACITY; MEDICAID; NURSING HOME; REIMBURSEMENT; UNITED STATES;

BED OCCUPANCY; ECONOMIC COMPETITION; FACILITY REGULATION AND CONTROL; HEALTH FACILITY CLOSURE; HEALTH FACILITY SIZE; HEALTH POLICY; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MARKETING OF HEALTH SERVICES; MEDICAID; MODELS, ORGANIZATIONAL; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NURSING HOMES; ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATION; OWNERSHIP; PERSONNEL STAFFING AND SCHEDULING; QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE; REIMBURSEMENT MECHANISMS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 65649118204     PISSN: 00179124     EISSN: 14756773     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2009.00954.x     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Allison, P. D. 1995. Survival Analysis Using SAS - A Practical Guide. Newbury Park, CA : SAS Press.
2. Bishop, C. E. 1999 Where Are the Missing Elders?: The Decline in Nursing Home USE, 1985 and 1995 Health Affairs 18 : 146 242.
3. Castle, N. G. 1997 Replaced by Fish: When a Nursing Home Closes What Happens to the Residents? Journal of Long-Term Care Administration, December: 10,11,24,25. (Pubitemid 27460970)
4. Castle, N. G. 2005a Closure of Nursing Homes and Quality of Care Medical Care Research and Review 62 (1) : 111 32.
5. Castle, N. G. 2005b Nursing Home Closures, Changes in Ownership, and Competition Inquiry 42 (3) : 281 92. (Pubitemid 40770800)
6. Castle, N. G. 2005c Changes in Mental Health Status Subsequent to Nursing Home Closure Ageing International 30 (3) : 262 76.
7. Castle, N. G. 2006 Closure of Nursing Homes Health Care Management Review 31 (1) : 78 88.
8. Castle, N. G. T. Lowe. 2005 Report Cards and Nursing Homes Gerontologist 45 (1) : 48 67. (Pubitemid 40229530)
9. CMS 2008. "Action Plan for (Further Improvement of) Nursing Home Quality" [accessed on October 12, 2008]. Available at
10. Dalton, K. H. A. Howard. 2002 Market Entry and Exit in Long-Term Care: 1985-2000 Health Care Financing Review 24 (2) : 17 32. (Pubitemid 36307553)
11. Fisher, A. N. G. Castle. 2008 "Why Do Nursing Homes Close?" An Analysis of Newspaper Articles Journal of Health and Social Policy (in press).
12. General Accounting Office (GAO). 1999. Nursing Homes: HCFA Initiatives to Improve Care Are Under Way but Will Require Continued Commitment. T-HEHS-99-155. June 30, 1999.
13. General Accounting Office. 2002. Nursing Homes: Public Reporting of Quality Indicators Has Merit, but National Implementation Is Premature (GAO-03-187). Washington, DC : General Accounting Office.
14. Grabowski, D. C. 2001 Does an Increase in the Medicaid Reimbursement Rate Improve Nursing Home Quality? Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 56 (2) : S84 93. (Pubitemid 32193153)
15. Grabowski, D. C., Z. Feng, O. Intrator V. Mor. 2004 Recent Trends in State Nursing Home Payment Policies Health Affairs W4 : 363 73. (Pubitemid 39297586)
16. Harrington, C., J. O'Meara, M. Kitchener, L. Simon J. F. Schnelle. 2003 Designing a Report Card for Nursing Facilities: What Information Is Needed and Why Gerontologist 43 : 47 57. (Pubitemid 41199647)
17. Harrington, C., D. Zimmerman, S. Karon, J. Robinson P. Beutel. 2000 Nursing Home Staffing and Its Relationship to Deficiencies Journal of Gerontology 55B : S278 87. (Pubitemid 32009035)
18. Hawes, C., C. C. Phillips, M. Rose, S. Holan M. Sherman. 2003 A National Survey of Assisted Living Facilities Gerontologist 43 (6) : 875 82. (Pubitemid 38049686)
19. Institute of Medicine. 2001. Improving the Quality of Long-Term Care. Washington, DC : National Academy Press.
20. Kitchener, M., A. Bostrom C. Harrington. 2004 Smoke without Fire: Nursing Facility Closures in California, 1997-2001 Inquiry 41 (2) : 189 202. (Pubitemid 39181138)
21. Kitchener, M., M. O'Neill C. Harrington. 2005 Chain Reaction: An Exploratory Study of Nursing Home Bankruptcy in California Journal of Aging and Social Policy 17 (4) : 19 35.
22. Konetzka, R. T., E. C. Norton S. C. Sterns. 2006 Medicare Payment Changes and Nursing Home Quality: Effects on Long-Stay Residents International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics 6 : 173 89.
23. Mor, V. 2005 Improving the Quality of Long-Term Care with Better Information Milbank Quarterly 83 : 1 20. (Pubitemid 41551752)
24. Mor, V., J. Zinn, J. Angelelli, J. M. Teno S. C. Miller. 2004 Driven to Tiers: Socioeconomic and Racial Disparities in the Quality of Nursing Home Care Milbank Quarterly 82 (2004) : 1 18. (Pubitemid 38992735)
25. Mukamel, D. B., W. D. Spector A. Bajorska. 2005 Nursing Home Spending Patterns in the 1990s: The Role of Nursing Home Competition and Excess Demand Health Services Research 40 : 1040 55. (Pubitemid 41040660)
26. Tsoukalas, T., C. Rudder, R. J. Mollot, M. Shineman, H. Y. Lee C. Harrington. 2006 The Collection and Use of Funds from Civil Money Penalties and Fines from Nursing Homes Gerontologist 46 : 759 71. (Pubitemid 46033541)
27. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2002. "Self-Evaluation to Promote Community Living for People with Disabilities" [accessed on August 21, 2003]. Available at
28. Wiener, J. M., J. Tilly L. M. B. Alecxih. 2002 Home and Community-Based Services Support Workers in Seven States Health Care Financing Review 23 (3) : 89 114. (Pubitemid 34538726)
29. Wood, E. F. 2002. Termination and Closures of Poor Quality Nursing Homes: What Are the Options? Washington, DC : Public Policy Institute, AARP.
30. Zhang, N., L. Unruh T. Wan. 2008 Has the Medicare Prospective Payment System Led to Increased Nursing Home Efficiency? Health Services Research 43 (3) : 1043 61.