Predictive value of self-reported and observer-rated defense style in depression treatment

American Journal of Psychotherapy

Volumn 63, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 25-39

  Van Henricus, L ^a   Dekker, Jack ^a,b   Peen, Jaap ^a   Abraham, Robert E ^a,c   Schoevers, Robert ^a  

^a JellinekMentrum   (Netherlands)

^b VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Defense style; Depression; Outcome; Psychotherapy; Therapy

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; DEFENSE MECHANISM; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PREDICTION AND FORECASTING; PSYCHOTHERAPY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RATING SCALE; SCORING SYSTEM; SELF REPORT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 65349175587     PISSN: 00029564     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2009.63.1.25     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Abraham R.E., Van, H.L., Ingenhoven T., Tremonti, W., Foeken, van I. & Spinhoven, P. (2001). The Developmental profile, journal of Personality Disorders, 15, 457-473.
2. Akkerman, K., Lewin, T.J. & Carr, V.J. (1999). Long-term changes in defense style among patients recovering from major depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 187, 80-87.
3. Andrews, G., Singh, M. & Bond, M. (1993). The Defense Style Questionnaire. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,181, 246-256.
4. Bloch, A.L., Shear, M.K., Markowitz, J.C., Leon, A.C. & Perry, J.C. (1993). An empirical study of defense mechanisms in dysthumia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1194-1198.
5. Bodlund, O., Grann, M., Ottoson, H. & Svanborg, C. (1998) Validation of the self-report questionnaire DIP-Q in diagnosing DSM-IV personality disorders: a comparison of three psychiatric samples. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 97, 433-439.
6. Bond, M. (2004). Emperical studies of defense style: Relationships with psychopathology and change. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 12, 263-278.
7. Bond, M., Perry, J.C, Gautie, M., Goldenberg, M., Oppenheimer, J. & Simand, J. (1989). Validating the self report of defense styles. Journal of Personality Disorders 3, 101-112.
8. Bond, M. & Perry, J.C. (2004). Long-term changes in defense styles with psychodynamic psychotherapy for depressive, anxiety, and personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1665-1671.
9. Bullitt, C.W. & Farber B.A. (2002). Gender differences in defensive style. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 30, 35-51.
10. Cramer, Ph. (2000). Defense mechanisms in psychology today. American Psychologist, 55, 637-646.
11. DeFife, J.A. & Hilsenroth, M.J. (2005). Clinical utility of the Defensive Functioning Scale in the assessment of depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193, 176-182.
12. Dekker, J., Koelen, J., Van, H.L., Kool, S. & Schoevers, R. (2008). Speed of action. The relative efficacy of Short-term Psychodynamic Supportive Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in a sequential design. Journal of Affective Disorders, 109, 183-188.
13. Gabbard, G.O., Gundersan, J.G. & Fonagy, P. (2002). The place of psychoanalytic treatments within psychiatry. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 505-510.
14. Hamilton, M. (1967). Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 278-296.
15. Hersoug, A.G., Sexton, H.C. & Hoglend, P. (2002). Contribution of defensive functioning to the quality of working alliance and psychotherapy outcome. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 56, 539-554.
16. Hoglend, P. & Perry, J.C. (1998). Defensive functioning predicts improvement in major depressive episodes. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 186, 238-243.
17. Hummelen, J.C. (1997). Splitting. (Dissertation). Utrecht, De Tijdstroom
18. Jonghe, de E, Hendriksen, M., Aalst, van G., Kool, S., Peen, J., Van, H.L. & Dekker, J. (2004) Psychotherapy and Combined Therapy (pharmacotherapy plus psychotherapy) in the treatment of depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 185, 37-45.
19. Kneepkens, R.G. & Oakly, L.D. (1996). Rapid improvement in the defense style of depressed women and men. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184, 358-361.
20. MacGregor, M.W. Davidson, K.W, Rowan, P, Barksdale, C. & Maclean, D. (2003). The use of defenses and physician health care costs: Are physician helth care costs lower in persons with more adaptive defense profiles? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72, 315-323.
21. Landis, J. & Koch, G.G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorial data. Biometrics, 33, 159-174.
22. McCullough, L., Kuhn, N., Andrews, S., Kaplan. A., Wolf, J. & Hurley, C. (2003). Treating Affect Phobia: a Manual for Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy, New York: Guilford Press.
23. Mullen, L.S., Blanco, C, Vaughn, S.C., & Roose, S.P. (1999). Defense mechanisms and personality in depression. Depression and Anxiety, 10, 168-174.
24. Perry, J.C. (1992). Problems and considerations in the valid assessment of personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 1645-1653.
25. Paykel, E.S. (1998). Remission and residual symptomatology in major depression. Psychopathology 31, 5-14
26. Perry, J.C. & Cooper, S.H. (1989). An empirical study of defense mechanisms: I. Clinical interview and life vignette ratings. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 444-452.
27. Perry, J.C. & Hoglend, P.(1998). Convergent and discriminant validity of overall defensive functioning. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,186, 529-535.
28. Trijsburg, R.W., Spijker, van A., Van, H.L., Hesselink, A.J. & Duivenvoorden, H.J. (2000). Measuring overall defensive functioning with the Defense Style Questionnaire. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188, 432-439.
29. Trivedi, M.H., Rush, A.J., Wisnieski, S.R., Nierenberg, A.A., Warden, D., Ritz, L., Norquist, G., Howland, R.H., Lebowitz, B., McGrath, P.J., Shores-Wilson, K., Biggs, M.M., Balasubramani, G.K., Fava, M. (2006). Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR*D: Implications for clinical practice. American journal of Psychiatry 163, 28 - 40.
30. Vaillant, G.E. (1993). Wisdom of the ego: Sources of resilience in adult life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
31. Van, H.L. Dekker, J., Koelen, J., Kool, S., Aalst, an G., Hendriksen, M., Peen, J., Schoevers, R. (2008). Patient preference compared to random allocation in Short-term Psychodynamic Supportive Psychotherapy with indicated addition of pharmacotherapy for depression. Psychotherapy Research (In press).
32. Van, H.L., Ingenhoven T., Foeken, van I., Spinhoven P. & Abraham, R.E. (2000). Preliminary results on interrater reliability and construct validity of the Developmental Profile. Journal of Personality Disorders, 14, 360-365.
33. Zimmerman, M. (1994). Diagnosing personality disorders: A review of issues and research methods. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 225-245.