Subnational Constitutional Space: A View from the States, Provinces, Regions, Länder, and Cantons

Federalism, Subnational Constitutions, and Minority Rights

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 3-24

  Williams, Robert F ^a,b   Alan Tarr, G ^a,b  

^a RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Center for State Constitutional Studies   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 65349101818     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (59)

1. Cheryl Saunders, “The Relationship Between National and Subnational Constitutions,” Seminar Report: Subnational Constitutional Governance (Konrad-Adenauer Foundation: Johannesburg, 1999), 21.
2. Ronald L. Watts, “Forward: States, Provinces, Lander, and Cantons: International Variety Among Subnational Constitutions,” Rutgers Law Journal 31 (summer 2000): 945.
3. Donald S. Lutz, “The United States Constitution as Incomplete Text,” Annals American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 496 (March 1988): 23, 26;
4. Donald S. Lutz, “From Covenant to Constitution in America Political Thought,” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 10 (fall 1980): 101-5.
5. Saunders, “Relationship Between National and Subnational Constitutions,” 21.
6. Louis D. Bilionis, “On the Significance of Constitutional Spirit,” North Carolina Law Review 70 (September 1992): 1805.
7. See James T. McHugh, “The Quebec Constitution,” Quebec Studies 28 (fall 1999/winter 2000).
8. For example, see Melissa Magliana, The Autonomous Province of South Tyrol: A Model for Self- Government (Bozen/Bolzano, Italy: European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano 2000);
9. Francesco Palermo, “Self-Government (and Other?) Instruments for the Prevention of Ethnic Conflicts in South Tyrol,” in The Constitutional and Political Regulation of Ethnic Relations and Conflict, ed. Mitja Zagar, Boris Jesih, and Romana Bester (Ljubljana: Institute for Ethnic Studies, 1999);
10. Jens Woelk, “From Minority-Protection to Governance of Cohabitation? The Case of South Tyrol” in Essays on Regionalism, ed. Agency of Local Democracy Subotica (Subotica, Yugoslavia: Agency of Local Democracy, 2001).
11. G. Alan Tarr, “Creating Federalism in Russia,” South Texas Law Review 40 (summer 1999): 689.
12. See Cameron Ross, Federalism and Democratisation in Russia (Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 2002), chapter 8;
13. Mark A. Smith, “Putin: An End to Centrifugalism?" in Russian Regions and Regionalism: Strength Through Weakness, eds. Graeme P. Herd and Anne Aldis (London: Routledge Curzon, 2001).
14. Steven L. Solnick, “Federal Bargaining in Russia,” East European Constitution Review 5 (fall 1995).
15. See Ann L. Griffiths, ed., Handbook of Federal Countries 2002 (Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 2002) for up-to-date information on constitutional arrangements in various federalist systems.
16. Watts, “States, Provinces, Lander, and Cantons,” 945.
17. See also Bertus de Villiers, ed., Birth of a Constitution (Kenwyn: Juta & Co., 1994);
18. Robert A. Licht and Bertus de Villiers, eds., South Africa’s Crisis of Constitutional Democracy: Can the U.S. Constitution Help? (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1994).
19. Dirk Brand, “The Western Cape Provincial Constitution,” Rutgers Law Journal 31 (summer 2000): 961, 966;
20. Williams, “Comparative Subnational Constitutional Law,” 654-59.
21. Christine Fletcher and Cliff Walsh, “Comparative Fiscal Constitutionalism in Australia and the US-The Power of State Politics,” in Evaluating Federal Systems, ed. Bertus de Villiers (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1994), 348.
22. See Don E. Ferenbacher, Constitutions and Constitutionalism in the Slaveholding South (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989);
23. Kermit L. Hall and James V. Ely, Jr., eds., An Uncertain Tradition: Constitutionalism and the History of the South (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989).
24. For a discussion of somewhat similar processes in other countries, such as Switzerland and Spain, see Bertus de Villiers, “The Constitutional Principles: Content and Significance,” in de Villiers, Birth of a Constitution.
25. For a discussion of this process of reunification and constitution-making, see Peter E. Quint, The Imperfect Union: Constitutional Structures of German Unification (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1997), 73-99.
26. For more detailed discussion of this point, see G. Alan Tarr, Understanding State Constitutions (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998), 39-41.
27. See Tanja A. Bürzel, “From Competitive Regionalism to Cooperative Federalism: The Europeanization of the Spanish State of the Autonomies,” Publius: The Journal of Federlism 30, no. 2 (spring 2000): 17;
28. Tanja A. Bürzel, “Toward Convergence in Europe? Institutional Adaptation to Europeanization in Germany and Spain,” Journal of Common Market Studies 37 (1999): 573;
29. Tanja A. Bürzel, States and Regions in the European Union: Institutional Adaptation in Germany and Spain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002): 103-47.
30. Elazar, Exploring Federalism, 18-22.
31. James Willard Hurst, The Growth of American Law: The Law Makers (Boston: Little, Brown, 1950): 224-25.
32. David Schuman, “The Origin of State Constitutional Direct Democracy: William Simon U’Ren and the ‘Oregon System,'" Temple Law Review 67 (fall 1994): 947, 950.
33. Peter E. Quint, Imperfect Union, 99.
34. See also Igna Markovits, “Reconcilable Differences: On Peter Quint’s The Imperfect Union,” American Journal of Comparative Law 47 (1999): 189, 194-97, 206-9.
35. See also R. D. Lumb, The Constitutions of the Australian States, 5th Ed. (St. Lucia: University of Queensland, 1991);
36. James A. Thomson, “State Constitutional Law: American Lessons for Australian Adventures,” Texas Law Review 63 (March/April 1985): 1225;
37. “State Constitutional Law: Gathering the Fragments,” Western Australia Law Review 16 (1985): 90;
38. For example, see Friedrich Koja, “Instruments of Direct Democracy in the Austrian Federal State and in its Lander,” Austrian Journal of Public and International Law 45 (1993): 33.
39. Wayne A. Selcher, “A New Start Toward a More Decentralized Federalism in Brazil?" Publius: The Journal of Federalism 19 (summer 1989): 167, 179-80;
40. See also Cesar Enrique Diaz Lopez, “The State of the Autonomic Process in Spain,” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 11 (summer 1981): 193
41. Robert W. Kern, The Regions of Spain: A Reference Guide to History and Culture (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1995).
42. See Arthur B. Gunlicks, “State (Länd) Constitutions in Germany,” Rutgers Law Journal 31 (summer 2000): 971
43. See Hanspeter Tschaeni, “Constitutional Change in Swiss Cantons: An Assessment of a Recent Phenomenon,” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 12 (winter 1982): 113.
44. James A. Thomson, “State Constitutional Law: Some Comparative Perspectives,” Rutgers Law Journal 20 (summer 1989): 1059.
45. See G. Alan Tarr, ed., Constitutional Politics in the States: Contemporary Controversies and Historical Patterns (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1996).
46. For example, see Robert F. Williams, “Experience Must Be Our Only Guide: The State Constitutional Experience of the Framers of the Federal Constitution,” Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 15 (fall 1988): 403.
47. Robert F. Williams, “State Constitutional Law Processes,” William & Mary Law Review 24 (winter 1983): 169, 172-73;
48. Robert F. Williams, State Constitutional Law: Cases and Materials, 3rd ed. (Charlottesville, Va: Lexis 1999).
49. See Minasse Haile, “The New Ethiopian Constitution: Its Impact upon Unity, Human Rights and Development,” Suffolk Transnational Law Review 20 (winter 1996);
50. T. S. Twibell, “Ethiopian Constitutional Law: The Structure of Ethiopian Government and the New Constitution’s Ability to Overcome Ethiopia’s Problems,” Loyola LA. International & Comparative Law Journal 21, no. 1 (March 1999): 399;
51. Bereket Habte Selassie, “Self-Determination in Principle and Practice: The Ethiopian-Eritrean Experience,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review 29 (fall 1997): 91.
52. A full consideration of these issues is beyond the scope of this book. For an introduction to the literature, see Margaret Moore, ed., National Self-Determination and Secession (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998);
53. Michael J. Kelly, “Political Downsizing: The Re-Emergence of Self-Determination, and the Movement Toward Smaller, Ethnically Homogeneous States,” Drake Law Review 47 (1999): 209;
54. Alemante G. Selassie, “Ethnic Identity and Constitutional Design for Africa,” Stanford Journal of International Law 29, no. 1 (fall 1992).
55. Professor Kelly observed, See also Alistair Heatley and Peter McNab, “The Northern Territory Statehood Referendum 1998,” Public Law Review 10 (1999): 3;
56. Garth Nettheim, “Aboriginal Constitutional Conventions in the Northern Territory,” Public Law Review 10 (1999): 8.
57. John Kincaid, “Foreword: The New Federalism Context of the New Judicial Federalism,” Rutgers Law Journal 26 (summer 1995): 944-47.
58. See generally Ellis Katz and G. Alan Tarr, eds., Federalism and Rights (Lanham, M.D.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1996);
59. Michael E. Solimine and James L. Walker, “Federalism, Liberty and State Constitutional Law,” Ohio Northern University Law Review 23 (1997): 1457.