Deliberation at the European convention: The final verdict

European Law Journal

Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 604-619

  Karlsson, Christer ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 65249153622     PISSN: 13515993     EISSN: 14680386     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0386.2008.00432.x     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. See F. Dehousse, 'Institutional Reforms and the Enlargement of the European Union', in G. Herolf (ed), EU Enlargement and Flexibility (The Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 1998), 21-32
2. C. Reh and W. Wessels, 'Towards an Innovative Mode of Treaty Reform? Three Sets of Expectations for the Convention', (2002) 24 Collegium 17-29
3. L. Hoffmann, 'The Convention on the Future of Europe: Thoughts on the Convention-Model', in J. Shaw, P. Magnette, L. Hoffmann and A. Vergés Bausili, The Convention on the Future of Europe (The Federal Trust for Education and Research, 2003), 73-94.
4. J. Shaw, 'What's in a Convention? Process and substance in the project of European constitution-building', in J. Shaw, P. Magnette, L. Hoffmann and A. Vergés Bausili, The Convention on the Future of Europe (The Federal Trust for Education and Research, 2003), 43-72.
5. A. Maurer, 'Less Bargaining - More Deliberation. The Convention Method for Enhancing EU Democracy', (2003) 8(1) International Politics and Society 167-190.
6. M. Höreth, 'From Arguing to Bargaining Again. A Comment on Andreas Maurer', (2003) 8(2) International Politics and Society 185-190.
7. Maurer, op cit n 4 supra
8. D. Göler, Deliberation - Ein Zukunftsmodell europäisher Entscheidungsfindung? Analyse der Beratungen des Europäischen Verfassungskonvents 2002-2003 (Nomos, 2006)
9. T. Risse and M. Kleine, 'Assessing the Legitimacy of the EU's Treaty Revision Methods', (2007) 45(1) Journal of Common Market Studies 69-80.
10. P. Magnette and K. Nicolaïdis, 'The European Convention: Bargaining in the Shadow of Rhe-toric', (2004) 27(3) West European Politics 381-404
11. D. Panke, 'More Arguing Than Bargaining? The Institutional Designs of the European Convention and Intergovernmental Conferences Compared', (2006) 28(4) Journal of European Integration 357-379.
12. Maurer, op cit n 4 supra, at 167-168.
13. Magnette and Nicolaïdis, op cit n 7 supra, at 381.
14. S. Chambers, 'Deliberative Democratic Theory', (2003) 6 The Annual Review of Political Science 307-326.
15. T. Risse, 'Let's Argue! Communicative Action in World Politics', (2000) 54 International Organization 1, at 33.
16. See, for example, C. Joerges and J. Neyer, 'Transforming strategic interaction into deliberative problemsolving: European comitology in the foodstuffs sector', (1997) 4(4) Journal of European Public Policy 609-625
17. J. Neyer, 'The Standing Committee for Foodstuffs: Arguing and Bargaining in Comitology', in M. P. C. M. Van Schendelen (ed), EU Committees as Influential Policymakers (European Institute of Public Administration, 1998), 148-163
18. F. Schimmelfennig, 'The Community Trap: Liberal Norms, Rhetorical Action, and the Eastern Enlargement of the European Union', (2001) 55(1) International Organization 47-80.
19. See J. Elster, 'Deliberation and Constitution Making', in J. Elster (ed), Deliberative Democracy (Cambridge University Press, 1998), 97-122
20. Risse, op cit n 11 supra
21. Maurer, op cit n 4 supra.
22. European Council, 'The Future of the European Union - Laeken Declaration' (2001).
23. The European Convention, 'Draft Rules of Procedure', CONV 3/02 (27 February 2002).
24. The European Convention, 'Introductory Speech by President Giscard d'Estaing to the Convention on the Future of Europe' (26 February 2002).
25. E. O. Eriksen and J. E. Fossum, 'Post-national Integration', in E. O. Eriksen and J. E. Fossum (eds), Democracy In the European Union - Integration Through Deliberation? (Routledge, 2000), 1-28.
26. B. Manin, 'On Legitimacy and Political Deliberation', (1987) 15(3) Political Theory 338-368.
27. J. Knight and J. Johnson, 'Aggregation and Deliberation: On the Possibility of Democratic Legitimacy', (1994) 22(2) Political Theory 277-296
28. S. C. Stokes, 'Pathologies of Deliberation', in J. Elster (ed), Deliberative Democracy (Cambridge University Press, 1998), 123-139.
29. See Elster, op cit n 13 supra.
30. See, for example, B. Barry, Political Argument (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, 1965), 87
31. Elster, op cit n 19 supra, at 8
32. D. Naurin, Dressed for Politics. Why increasing transparency in the European Union will not make lobbyists behave any better than they already do (Göteborg: Livréna, 2004), 61.
33. Unlike voting, deliberation as a process is based on communication between the actors. Nor is the focus exclusively on the aggregation of given preferences. In a deliberative process, actors seek to form or to transform preferences (even if it is not by definition presumed that they will alter their views). Unlike actors involved in negotiation, persons taking part in deliberation attempt to convince each other with rational argumentation. Lies, threats, and other irrelevant statements or undertakings have no place in a deliberative process.
34. Interview with Eleni Mavrou, national parliament, 9 February 2004.
35. Interviews with Kimmo Kiljunen, national parliament, 2 September 2003
36. and Tunne Kelam, national parliament, 15 November 2004.
37. Interviews with Hanja Maij-Weggen, European Parliament, 21 January 2004
38. and Anne Van Lancker, European Parliament, 24 June 2003.
39. Interview with Kiljunen.
40. Interview with Maij-Weggen.
41. Interviews with Bobby McDonagh, government, 1 July 2003
42. Aojz Peterle, national parliament, 29 November 2004
43. and Paolo Ponzano, European Commission, 11 July 2003.
44. Interview with Paul Helminger, national parliament, 28 January 2004.
45. Respondents were allowed to choose between four different answers to this question: (1) totally agree; (2) rather agree; (3) rather disagree; and (4) totally disagree. The mean value for the 26 delegates who answered the question was 1.69 (standard deviation = 0.74).
46. See, for example, J. Fishkin, The Voice of the People: Public Opinion and Democracy (Yale University Press, 1995).
47. Interviews with Niels Helveg Petersen, national parliament, 14 October 2003
48. Helminger, René Van den Linden, national parliament, 9 February 2004, Van Lancker.
49. Interviews with Andrew Duff, European Parliament, 11 July 2003
50. Petersen and Ivan Korcok, government, 27 May 2004.
51. Interviews with John Bruton, national parliament, 11 February 2004
52. Henrik Hololei, government, 21 July 2003 and Mavrou.
53. Interviews with Duff, Péter Gottfried, government, 17 July 2003, Hololei, Ponzano.
54. Interview with Duff.
55. See, for example, B. Barry, Political Argument (Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, 1965)
56. D. Naurin, Dressed for Politics. Why increasing transparency in the European Union will not make lobbyists behave any better than they already do (Livréna, 2004).
57. R. E. Walton and R. B. McKersie, A Behavioural Theory of Labor Negotiations. An Analysis of a Social Interaction System (ILR Press Books, 1965 [1991]).
58. cf Naurin, ibid, at 61-62.
59. J. Elster, 'The Market and the Forum: Three Varieties of Political Theory', in J. Elster and A. Hylland (eds), Foundations of Social Choice Theory (Cambridge University Press, 1986), 106-110.
60. Interviews with Vladimir Bilcik, personal assistant of Jan Figel, national parliament, 24 February 2004
61. Sven-Olof Petersson, government, 23 June 2003
62. and Pieter Van Nuffel, personal assistant of Antonio Vitórino, European Commission, 27 June 2003.
63. Interview with Petersson.
64. Interview with Göran Lennmarker, national parliament, 23 June 2003.
65. Delegates were allowed to choose between four different responses: (1) totally agree; (2) rather agree; (3) rather disagree; and (4) totally disagree. The mean value for the 27 delegates who answered the question was 2.74 (standard deviation = 0.71).
66. Interview with Van Lancker.
67. Interviews with Bruton, Duff, Korcok and Jacques Santer, government, 30 October 2003.
68. Interview with Santer.
69. Interview with Lennmarker.
70. Interviews with Kelam, Gottfried and Petersson.
71. Interviews with Duff, Kiljunen and Lennmarker.
72. Interview with Van Lancker.
73. Interview with Petersson, emphasis added.
74. Interviews with Kiljunen, McDonagh, Petersson, Ponzano.
75. Interview with Lennmarker.
76. Interviews with Bruton, McDonagh, Petersson.
77. Interview with Van Lancker.
78. Interview with Ponzano.
79. Interview with Petersson.
80. Interview with Van Nuffel.
81. Interviews with Petersson and Ponzano.
82. Interview with Van Lancker.
83. P. Magnette and K. Nicolaïdis, 'The European Convention: Bargaining in the Shadow of Rhetoric', (2004) 27(3) West European Politics 381-404.