Mirror gazing increases attractiveness in satisfied, but not in dissatisfied women: A model for body dysmorphic disorder?

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 211-218

  Mulkens, Sandra ^a   Jansen, Anita ^a  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

BDD; Body dysmorphic disorder; Body image; Mirror gazing; Self focused attention

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GAZE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; SATISFACTION; SELF EVALUATION; VISUAL DISCRIMINATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTENTION; BEAUTY; BEHAVIOR; BODY IMAGE; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SELF CONCEPT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 64849111018     PISSN: 00057916     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.10.001     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Albertini R.S., and Phillips K.A. Thirty-three cases of body dysmorphic disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 38 (1999) 453-459
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed., Text Revision (2000), American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC
3. Bouman T.K. Mijn Uiterlijk Vragenlijst (1999), Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
4. Bouman, T.K. Measuring body dissatisfaction in BDD patients and non-clinical samples, in preparation.
5. Buss A.H. Self-consciousness and social anxiety (1980), W.H. Freeman, San Francisco
6. Carver M.F., and Scheier C.S. Self-directed attention and the comparison of self with standards. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 19 (1983) 205-222
7. Clark D.M., and Wells A. A cognitive model of social phobia. In: Heimberg R.G., Liebowitz M.R., Hope D.A., and Schneier F.R. (Eds). Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (1995), The Guilford Press, New York/London
8. Cororve M.B., and Gleaves D.H. Body dysmorphic disorder: a review of conceptualizations, assessment, and treatment strategies. Clinical Psychology Review 21 (2001) 949-970
9. Duval S., and Wicklund R.A. A theory of objective self-awareness (1972), Academic Press, New York
10. Grant J.E., and Phillips K.A. Recognizing and treating body dysmorphic disorder. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 17 (2005) 205-210
11. Grocholewski A., Heinrichs N., and Lingnau A. Selektive Aufmerksamkeit im Gesichtsbereich bei Personen mit einem kosmetisch-medizinischen Behandlungswunsch. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 36 (2007) 57-66
12. Hofmann S.G., and Heinrichs N. Disentangling self-descriptions and self-evaluations under conditions of high self-focused attention: effects of mirror exposure. Personality and Individual Differences 32 (2002) 611-620
13. Jansen A., Nederkoorn C., and Mulkens S. Selective visual attention for ugly and beautiful body parts in eating disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy 43 (2005) 183-196
14. Legenbauer T., Kleinstauber M., Muller T., and Stangier U. Are individuals with an eating disorder less sensitive to aesthetic flaws than healthy controls?. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 65 (2008) 87-95
15. Mulkens S., Bögels S.M., and De Jong P.J. Attentional focus and fear of blushing: a case study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 27 (1999) 153-164
16. Mulkens S., Bögels S.M., De Jong P.J., and Louwers J. Fear of blushing: effects of task concentration training versus exposure in vivo on fear and physiology. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 15 (2001) 413-432
17. Nierenberg A.A., Phillips K.A., Peterson T.J., Kelly K.E., Alpert J.E., Worthington J.J., et al. Body dysmorphic disorder in outpatients with major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 169 (2002) 141-148
18. Phillips K.A. The broken mirror: Recognizing and treating body dysmorphic disorder (1996), Oxford University Press, New York
19. Phillips K.A. Body dysmorphic disorder and depression: theoretical considerations and treatment strategies. Psychiatric Quarterly 70 (1999) 313-331
20. Phillips K.A., and Diaz S.F. Gender differences in body dysmorphic disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 185 (1997) 570-577
21. Phillips K.A., Kim J.M., and Hudson J.I. Body image disturbance in body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders: obsessions or delusions?. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 18 (1995) 317-334
22. Rapee R.M., and Heimberg R.G. A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 35 (1997) 741-756
23. Rief W., Buhlmann U., Wilhelm S., Borkenhagen A., and Brähler E. The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: a population-based survey. Psychological Medicine 36 (2006) 877-885
24. Rosen J.C. The nature of body dysmorphic disorder and treatment with cognitive behavior therapy. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2 (1995) 143-166
25. Veale D. Outcome of cosmetic surgery and 'DIY' surgery in patients with body dysmorphic disorder. Psychiatric Bulletin 24 (2000) 218-221
26. Veale D. Advances in a cognitive behavioural model of body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image 1 (2004) 113-125
27. Veale D., Gournay K., Dryden W., Boocock A., Shah F., Willson R., et al. Body dysmorphic disorder: a cognitive behavioural model and pilot randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy 34 (1996) 717-729
28. Veale D., and Riley S. Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is the ugliest of them all? The psychopathology of mirror gazing in body dysmorphic disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 39 (2001) 1381-1393
29. Zou J.B., Hudson J.L., and Rapee R.M. The effect of attentional focus on social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy 45 (2007) 2326-2333