Time-lapse surface to depth gravity measurements on a karst system reveal the dominant role of the epikarst as a water storage entity

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 177, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 347-360

  Jacob, Thomas ^a   Chery, Jean ^a   Bayer, Roger ^a   Le Moigne, Nicolas ^a   Boy, Jean Paul ^a   Vernant, Philippe ^a   Boudin, Frédéric ^a  

^a CNRS   (France)

Author keywords

Hydrogeophysics; Permeability and porosity; Time variable gravity

Indexed keywords

BOUGUER ANOMALY; DEPTH DETERMINATION; GRAVIMETRY; GRAVITY SURVEY; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENT; INFILTRATION; KARST; KARST HYDROLOGY; PERMEABILITY; POROSITY; SPATIAL VARIATION; WATER STORAGE;

EURASIA; EUROPE; FRANCE; LARZAC PLATEAU; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 64849098477     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: 1365246X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04118.x     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Abe, M. et al., 2006. Hydrological effects on the superconducting gravimeter observation in Bandung, J. Geodyn., 41(1-3), 288-295.
2. Amelung, F., Galloway, D.L., Bell, J.W., Zebker, H.A. & Laczniak, R.J., 1999. Sensing the ups and downs of Las Vegas-InSAR reveals structural control of land subsidence and aquifer-system deformation, Geology, 27, 483-486.
3. Bakalowicz, M., 2005. Karst groundwater: A challenge for new resources, Hydrogeol. J., 13(1), 148-160.
4. Ballu, V., Diament, M., Briole, P. & Ruegg, J.-C., 2003. 1985-1999 gravity field variations across the Asal Rift; insights on vertical movements and mass transfer. Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 208(1-2), 41-49.
5. Bonvalot, S., Remy, D., Deplus, C., Diament, M. & Gabalda, G., 2008. Insights on the March 1998 eruption at Piton de la Fournaise volcano (La Reunion) from microgravity monitoring. J. geophys. Res.-Solid Earth, 113, B5.
6. Bower, D.R. & Courtier, N., 1998. Precipitation effects on gravity measurements at the Canadian absolute gravity site. Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 106, 353-369.
7. Bruxelles, L., 2001a. Dépôts et altérites des plateaux du Larzac central: Causses de l'Hospitalet et de Campestre (Aveyron, Gard, Hérault). Evolution morphogénique, conséquences géologiques et implications pour l'aménagement, Ph.D thesis. Universitéde Provence, Aix-en-Provence, 266 pp.
8. Bruxelles, L., 2001b. Reconstitution morphologique du Causse du Larzac (Larzac central, Aveyron, France) Rôle des formations superficielles dans la morphogenèse karstique, Karstologia, 38, 25-40.
9. Budetta, G. & Carbone, D., 1997. Potential application of the Scintrex CG-3M gravimeter for monitoring volcanic activity; results of field trials on Mt Etna, Sicily, J. Volcan. Geotherm. Res., 76, 199-214.
10. Burbey, T.J., 2003. Use of time-subsidence data during pumping to characterize specific storage and hydraulic conductivity of semi-confining units, J. Hydrol., 281, 3-22.
11. Dal Moro, G. & Zadro, M., 1998. Subsurface deformations induced by rainfall and atmospheric pressure: Tilt/strain measurements in the NE-Italy seismic area, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 164, 193-203.
12. Debeglia, N. & Dupont, F., 2002. Some critical factors for engineering and environmental microgravity investigations, J. applied Geophysics, 50(4), 435-454.
13. Farr, T.G. & Kobrick, M., 2000. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission produces a wealth of data, Am. geophys. Un., EOS, 81, 583-585.
14. Goodkind, J.M., 1999. The superconducting gravimeter, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 70(11), 4131-4152.
15. Harnisch, G. & Harnisch, M., 2006. Hydrological influences in long gravimetric data series, J. Geodyn., 41, 276-287.
16. Hinderer, J. & Crossley, D., 2000. Time variations in gravity and inferences of the Earth's structure and dynamics, Surv. Geophys., 21, 1-45.
17. Hussain, A., Walach, G. & Weber, F., 1981. Underground gravity survey in Alpine regions, Geophys. Prospect., 29(3), 407-425.
18. Imanishi, Y., Kokubo, K. & Tatehata, H., 2006. Effect of underground water on gravity observation at Matsushiro, Japan, J. Geodyn., 41, 221-226.
19. Jacob, T. et al., 2008. Absolute gravity monitoring of water storage variation in a karst aquifer on the Larzac plateau (Southern france). J. Hydrol., 359(1-2), 105-117, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.020.
20. Jousset, P., Dwipa, S., Beauducel, F., Duquesnoy, T. & Diament, M., 2000. Temporal gravity at Merapi during the 1993-1995 crisis; an insight into the dynamical behaviour of volcanoes, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 100(1-4), 289-320.
21. Kasameyer, P. & Hearst, J., 1988. Borehole gravity measurements in the Salton Sea scientific drilling project, J. Geophys. Res., 93(B11), 13 037-13 045.
22. King, N.E. et al., 2007. Space geodetic observation of expansion of the San Gabriel Valley, California, aquifer system, during heavy rainfall in winter 2004-2005, J. geophys. Res., 112, B03409.
23. Klimchouk, A., 2004. Towards defining, delimiting and classifying epikarst: Its origin, processes and variants of geomorphic evolution, Epikarst, 9(1), 23-25, (in Proceedings of the Symposium held 2003 October 1-4, Sheperdstown, West Virginia, USA, Karst Water Institute special publication).
24. Kroner, C., 2001. Hydrological effects on gravity data of the geodynamic observatory Moxa, J Geod. Soc. Japan, 47(1), 353-358.
25. Kümpel, H.-J., Lehmann, K., Fabian, K. & Mentes, G., 2001. Point stability at shallow depths: Experience from tilt measurements in the Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany, and implications for high-resolution GPS and gravity recordings, Geophys. J. Int., 146, 699-713.
26. LaFehr, T.R., 1983. Rock density from borehole gravity surveys, Geophysics, 48(3), 341-356.
27. Lyard, F., Lefevre, F., Letellier, T. & Francis, O., 2006. Modelling the global ocean tides: Modern insights from FES2004, Ocean Dyn., 56(5-6), 394-415.
28. Mangin, A., 1975. Contribution à l'étude hydrodynamique des aquifères karstiques, Ph.D thesis. Universitéde Dijon, 124 pp.
29. Martelet, G., Debeglia, N. & Truffert, C., 2002. Homogénéisation et validation des corrections de terrain gravimétriques jusqu'àla distance de 167 km sur l'ensemble de la France, C. R. Geosci., 334, 449-454.
30. McCulloh, T.H., 1965. A confirmation by gravity measurements of an underground density profile on core densities, Geophysics, 30, 1108-1132.
31. Merlet, S., Kopaev, A., Diament, M., Geneves, G., Landragin, A. & Pereira Dos Santos, F., 2008. Micro-gravity investigations for the LNE watt balance project, Metrologia, 45, 265-274, doi: 10.1088/0026-1394/45/ 3/002.
32. Naujoks, M. et al., 2007. Detection of small hydrological variations in gravity by repeated observations with relative gravimeters, J. Geod., 82, 543-553, doi: 510.1007/s00190-007-0202-9.
33. Naujoks, M., Weise, A., Kroner, C. & Jahr, T., 2007. Detection of small hydrological variations in gravity by repeated observations with relative gravimeters, J. Geod., doi: 10.1007/s00190-007-0202-9.
34. Niebauer, T.M., Sasagawa, G.S., Faller, J.E., Hilt, R. & Klopping, F., 1995. A new generation of absolute gravimeters, Metrologia, 32, 159-180.
35. Nowel, D.A.G., 1999. Gravity terrain corrections; an overview, J. appl. Geophys., 42(2), 117-137.
36. Okabe, 1979. Analytical expression for gravity anomalies due to homogeneous polyhedral bodies and translations into magnetic anomalies, Geophysics, 44(4), 730-741.
37. Penman, H.L., 1948. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., 193, 120-145.
38. Perrin, J., Jeannin, P.-Y. & Zwahlen, F., 2003. Epikarst storage in a karst aquifer: A conceptual model based on isotopic data, Milandre test site, Switzerland, J. Hydrol., 279, 106-124.
39. Plagnes, V., 1997. Structure et fonctionnement des aquifères karstiques. Caractérisation par la chimie des eaux. Ph. D thesis. University of Montpellier II, Document du BRGM n°294, 372 pp.
40. Ricard, J. & Bakalowicz, M., 1996. Connaissance, aménagement et protection des ressources en eau du Larzac septentrional, Aveyron (France), Report R38953, BRGM, Orléans.
41. Scintrex, 2006. CG-5 Scintrex autograv system Operation Manual, Scintrex Limited, Concord, Ontario.
42. Scintrex limited, 2007. CG5 Scintrex autograv system Operation Manual, Concord, Ontario.
43. Seo, K.-W., Wilson, C.R., Famiglietti, J.S., Chen, J.L. & Rodell, M., 2006. Terrestrial water mass load changes from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Water Resour. Res., 42, W05417, doi: 10.1029/ 2005WR004255.
44. Takemoto, S. et al., 2002. Effect of groundwater changes on SG observations in Kyoto and Bandung. Bulletin d'Informations des Marees Terrestres: 10839-10848.
45. Tamura, Y., 1987. A harmonic development of the tide generating potential. Bull. d'Inf. Marées Terr., 99.
46. Turc, L., 1961. Evaluation des besoins en eau d'irrigation, évapotranspiration potentielle. Ann. Agron., 12(1), 13-49.
47. Van Camp, M. et al., 2006. Hydrogeological investigations at the Membach station, Belgium, and application to correct long periodic gravity variations. J. geophys. Res., 111, B10403.
48. Viterbo, P. & Beljaars, A.C.M., 1995. An improved land surface parameterization scheme in the ECMWF model and its validation. J. Clim., 8, 2716-2748.
49. Wenzel, H.-G., 1996. The Nanogal software: Earth tide data processing package ETERNA 3.30, Bulletin d'Informations des Marées Terrestres, 124, 9425-9439.
50. Williams, P.W., 1983. The role of the subcutaneous zone in karst hydrology, J. Hydrol., 61, 45-67.
51. Williams, P.W., 1985. Subcutaneous hydrology and the development of doline and cockpit karst, Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, 29, 463-482.
52. Williams, P.W., 2008. The role of the epikarst in karst and cave hydrogeology: A review, Int. J. Speleol., 37(1), 1-10.