Advances in PET Image Reconstruction

PET Clinics

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 173-190

  Reader, Andrew J ^a   Zaidi, Habib ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b GENEVA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ALGORITHM; ANALYTIC METHOD; FOURIER TRANSFORMATION; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; IMAGING SYSTEM; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MEASUREMENT; PHOTON; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 64749105458     PISSN: 15568598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2007.08.001     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Solman D.C. The x-ray transform. J Math Anal Appl 56 (1976) 61-83
2. Defrise M. Solution to the three-dimensional image reconstruction problem from two-dimensional parallel projections. J Opt Soc Am A 10 (1993) 869-877
3. Mumcuoglu EU, Leahy RM, Cherry SR, et al. Accurate geometric and physical response modelling for statistical image reconstruction in high resolution PET. Presented at the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference. Anaheim, November 3-9, 1996. Conference Record. 1996;3:1569-73.
4. Selivanov V.V., Picard Y., Cadorette J., et al. Detector response models for statistical iterative image reconstruction in high resolution PET. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 47 (2000) 1168-1175
5. Panin V.Y., Kehren F., Michel C., et al. Fully 3-D PET reconstruction with system matrix derived from point source measurements. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 25 (2006) 907-921
6. Alessio A.M., Kinahan P.E., and Lewellen T.K. Modeling and incorporation of system response functions in 3-D whole body PET. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 25 (2006) 828-837
7. Markiewicz P.J., Tamal M., Julyan P.J., et al. High accuracy multiple scatter modelling for 3D whole body PET. Phys Med Biol 52 (2007) 829-847
8. Reilhac A., Evans A.C., Gimenez G., et al. Creation and application of a simulated database of dynamic [18F]MPPF PET acquisitions incorporating inter-individual anatomical and biological variability. IEEE Trans Medical Imaging 25 (2006) 1431-1439
9. Beekman F.J., de Jong H.W., and van Geloven S. Efficient fully 3-D iterative SPECT reconstruction with Monte Carlo-based scatter compensation. IEEE Trans Med Imag 21 (2002) 867-877
10. Rafecas M., Mosler B., Dietz M., et al. Use of a Monte Carlo-based probability matrix for 3-D iterative reconstruction of MADPET-II data. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 51 (2004) 2597-2605
11. Lazaro D., El Bitar Z., Breton V., et al. Fully 3D Monte Carlo reconstruction in SPECT: a feasibility study. Phys Med Biol 16 (2005) 3739-3754
12. Lewitt R.M. Alternatives to voxels for image representation in iterative reconstruction algorithms. Phys Med Biol 37 (1992) 705-716
13. Matej S., and Lewitt R.M. Efficient 3D grids for image reconstruction using spherically-symmetric volume elements. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 42 (1995) 1361-1370
14. Buonocore M.H., Brody W.R., and Macovski A. A natural pixel decomposition for two-dimensional image reconstruction. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 28 (1981) 69-78
15. Baker J.R., Budinger T.F., and Huesman R.H. Generalized approach to inverse problems in tomography: image reconstruction for spatially variant systems using natural pixels. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 20 (1992) 47-71
16. Vandenberghe S., Staelens S., Byrne C.L., et al. Reconstruction of 2D PET data with Monte Carlo generated system matrix for generalized natural pixels. Phys Med Biol 51 (2006) 3105-3125
17. Kamasak M.E., Bouman C.A., Morris E.D., et al. Direct reconstruction of kinetic parameter images from dynamic PET data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 24 (2005) 636-650
18. Fu L, Wang G, Qi J. Direct maximum a posteriori reconstruction of Patlak parametric image for fully 3D dynamic PET. Proceedings of the 9th international meeting on fully 3-D image reconstruction in radiology and nuclear medicine. Lindau (Germany), July 9-13, 2007. Kachelriess M, Beekman F, editors. 2007. p. 197-200.
19. Lewitt R.M., and Matej S. Overview of methods for image reconstruction from projections in emission computed tomography. Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electron Eng 91 (2003) 1588-1611
20. Qi J., and Leahy R.M. Iterative reconstruction techniques in emission computed tomography. Phys Med Biol 51 (2006) R541-R578
21. Barrett H.H., and Myers K. Foundations of image science (2003), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken (NJ)
22. Zaidi H. Quantitative analysis in nuclear medicine imaging (2006), Springer, New York p. 564
23. Wienhard K., Schmand M., Casey M.E., et al. The ECAT HRRT: performance and first clinical application of the new high resolution research tomograph. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 49 (2002) 104-110
24. Natterer F. The mathematics of computerized tomography (1986), Wiley, New York
25. Budinger T.F., and Gullberg G.T. Three-dimensional reconstruction in nuclear medicine emission imaging. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci NS-21 (1974) 2-20
26. Kak A.C., and Slaney M. Principles of computerized tomographic imaging (1988), IEEE Press, New York
27. Kuhl K.E., and Edwards R.Q. Image separation radioisotope scanning. Radiology 80 (1963) 653-661
28. Chu G., and Tam K.-C. Three-dimensional imaging in the positron camera using Fourier techniques. Phys Med Biol 22 (1977) 245-265
29. Colsher J.G. Fully three-dimensional positron emission tomography. Phys Med Biol 25 (1980) 103-115
30. Kinahan P.E., and Rogers J.G. Analytic 3D image reconstruction using all detected events. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 36 (1989) 964-968
31. Defrise M, Townsend DW, Clack R. FAVOR: a fast reconstruction algorithm for volume imaging in PET. Presented at the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference. Santa Fe, November 2-9, 1991. Conference Record. 1992:1919-23.
32. Daube-Witherspoon M.E., and Muehllehner G. Treatment of axial data in three-dimensional PET. J Nucl Med 28 (1987) 1717-1724
33. Lewitt R.M., Muehllehner G., and Karp J.S. Three-dimensional image reconstruction for PET by multi-slice rebinning and axial image filtering. Phys Med Biol 39 (1994) 321-339
34. Edholm P.R., Lewitt R.M., and Lindholm B. Novel properties of the Fourier decomposition of the sinogram. Proc Soc Photo Opt Instrum Eng 671 (1986) 8-18
35. Defrise M., Kinahan P.E., Townsend D.W., et al. Exact and approximate rebinning algorithms for 3-D PET data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 16 (1997) 145-158
36. Liu X., Defrise M., Michel C., et al. Exact rebinning methods for three-dimensional PET. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 18 (1999) 657-664
37. Defrise M., and Liu X. A fast rebinning algorithm for 3D positron emission tomography using John's equation. Inverse Probl 15 (1999) 1047-1065
38. Matej S., and Kazantsev I.G. Fourier-based reconstruction for fully 3-D PET: optimization of interpolation parameters. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 25 (2006) 845-854
39. Ben Bouallegue F., Crouzet F., Comtat C., et al. Exact and approximate Fourier rebinning algorithms for the solution of the data truncation problem in 3-D PET. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 26 (2007) 1001-1009
40. Joseph P.M. An improved algorithm for reprojecting rays through pixel images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1 (1982) 192-196
41. Siddon R. Fast calculation of the exact radiological path for 3-D CT. Med Phys 12 (1985) 252-255
42. Zhao H, Reader AJ. Fast ray-tracing technique to calculate line integral paths in voxel arrays. Presented at the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference. Seattle, October 19-25, 2003. Conference Record. 2003;4:2808-12.
43. Reader A.J., Ally S., Bakatselos F., et al. One-pass list-mode EM algorithm for high-resolution 3-D PET image reconstruction into large arrays. IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 49 (2002) 693-699
44. Moses W.W. Time of flight in PET revisited. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 50 (2003) 1325-1330
45. Zaidi H. Relevance of accurate Monte Carlo modeling in nuclear medical imaging. Med Phys 26 (1999) 574-608
46. Casey M. Point spread function reconstruction in PET (2007), White paper, Siemens Molecular Imaging USA, Inc., Knoxville (TN)
47. Selivanov V.V., and Lecomte R. Fast PET image reconstruction based on SVD decomposition of the system matrix. IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 48 (2001) 761-767
48. Selivanov V.V., Lepage M.D., and Lecomte R. List-mode image reconstruction for real-time PET imaging. J Vis Comm Imag Repres 17 (2006) 630-646
49. Llacer J. Tomographic image reconstruction by eigenvector decomposition: its limitations and areas of applicability. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1 (1982) 34-42
50. Shepp L.A., and Vardi Y. Maximum likelihood reconstruction for emission tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1 (1982) 113-122
51. Barrett H., Wilson D., and Tsui B. Noise properties of the EM algorithm: I. Theory. Phys Med Biol 39 (1994) 833-846
52. Lewitt R.M., and Muehllehner G. Accelerated iterative reconstruction for positron emission tomography based on the EM algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 5 (1986) 16-22
53. Fessler J.A. Penalized weighted least-squares image reconstruction for positron emission tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 13 (1994) 290-300
54. Hwang D., and Zeng G.L. Convergence study of an accelerated ML-EM algorithm using bigger step size. Phys Med Biol 51 (2006) 237-252
55. Kaufman L. Maximum likelihood, least squares, and penalized least squares for PET. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 12 (1993) 200-214
56. Hudson H.M., and Larkin R.S. Accelerated image reconstruction using ordered subsets of projection data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 13 (1994) 601-609
57. Hsiao I.T., Rangarajan A., Khurd P., et al. An accelerated convergent ordered subsets algorithm for emission tomography. Phys Med Biol 49 (2004) 2145-2156
58. Browne J., and de Pierro A.B. A row-action alternative to the EM algorithm for maximizing likelihood in emission tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 15 (1996) 687-699
59. de Pierro A.R., and Yamagishi M.E.B. Fast EM-like methods for maximum "a posteriori" estimates in emission tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 20 (2001) 280-288
60. Schmidlin P., Bellemann M.E., and Brix G. Iterative reconstruction of PET images using a high-overrelaxation single-projection algorithm. Phys Med Biol 42 (1997) 569-582
61. Herman G.T., Lent A., and Rowland S.W. ART: mathematics and applications. A report on the mathematical foundations and on the applicability to real data of the algebraic reconstruction techniques. J Theor Biol 42 (1973) 1-32
62. Kaufman L., and Neumaier A. PET regularization by envelope guided conjugate gradients. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 15 (1996) 385-389
63. Chinn G., and Huang S.C. A general class of preconditioners for statistical iterative reconstruction of emission computed tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 16 (1997) 1-10
64. Li Q., Asma E., Ahn S., et al. A fast fully 4-D incremental gradient reconstruction algorithm for list mode PET data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 26 (2007) 58-67
65. Kadrmas D.J. LOR-OSEM: statistical PET reconstruction from raw line-of-response histograms. Phys Med Biol 49 (2004) 4731-4744
66. Fessler J.A., and Hero III A.O. Penalized maximum-likelihood image reconstruction using space-alternating generalized EM algorithms. IEEE Trans Image Proc 4 (1995) 1417-1429
67. Sauer K., and Bouman C. A local update strategy for iterative reconstruction from projections. IEEE Trans Sign Proc 41 (1993) 534-548
68. Matej S., and Lewitt R.M. Practical considerations for 3-D image reconstruction using spherically symmetric volume elements. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 15 (1996) 68-78
69. Reader A.J., Sureau F.C., Comtat C., et al. Joint estimation of dynamic PET images and temporal basis functions using fully 4D ML-EM. Phys Med Biol 51 (2006) 5455-5474
70. Hong I.K., Chung S.T., Kim H.K., et al. Ultra fast symmetry and SIMD-based projection-backprojection (SSP) algorithm for 3-D PET image reconstruction. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 26 (2007) 789-803
71. Rehfeld N., and Alber M. A parallelizable compression scheme for Monte Carlo scatter system matrices in PET image reconstruction. Phys Med Biol 52 (2007) 3421-3437
72. Mumcuoglu E.U., Leahy R.M., and Cherry S.R. Bayesian reconstruction of PET images: methodology and performance analysis. Phys Med Biol 41 (1996) 1777-1807
73. Qi J., Leahy R.M., Cherry S.R., et al. High-resolution 3D Bayesian image reconstruction using the microPET small-animal scanner. Phys Med Biol 43 (1998) 1001-1013
74. Zaidi H., and Koral K.F. Scatter modelling and compensation in emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31 (2004) 761-782
75. Tamal M., Reader A.J., Markiewicz P.J., et al. Noise properties of four strategies for incorporation of scatter and attenuation information in PET reconstruction using the EM-ML algorithm. IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 53 (2006) 2778-2786
76. Michel C, Liu X, Sanabria S, et al. Weighted schemes applied to 3D-OSEM reconstruction in PET. Presented at the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference. Seattle, October 24-30, 1999. Conference Record. 1999;3:1152-7.
77. Rahmim A, Rousset OG, Zaidi H. Strategies for motion tracking and correction in PET. PET Clinics, in press.
78. Nichols T.E., Qi J., Asma E., et al. Spatiotemporal reconstruction of list-mode PET data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 21 (2002) 396-404
79. Matthews J., Bailey D., Price P., et al. The direct calculation of parametric images from dynamic PET data using maximum-likelihood iterative reconstruction. Phys Med Biol 42 (1997) 1155-1173
80. Verhaeghe J., D'Asseler Y., Staelens S., et al. Reconstruction for gated dynamic cardiac PET imaging using a tensor product spline basis. IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 54 (2007) 80-91
81. Carson R.E., and Lange K. The EM parametric image reconstruction algorithm. J Am Stat Assoc 80 (1985) 20-22
82. Yetik IS, Qi J. Direct estimation of kinetic parameters from the sinogram with an unknown blood function. Presented at the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro. Arlington, VA, April 6-9, 2006. 2006:295-8.
83. Patlak C.S., Blasberg R.G., and Fenstermacher J.D. Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 3 (1983) 1-7