Ancient and modern Earthquake lights in Northwestern Turkey

Seismological Research Letters

Volumn 75, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 199-204

  Stothers, Richard B ^a  

^a NASA GODDARD INSTITUTE FOR SPACE STUDIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 64249123069     PISSN: 08950695     EISSN: 19382057     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1785/gssrl.75.2.199     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Agathias (circa 580). Histories 5.3, in J. D. Frendo (translator), Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, Vol. 2A, Berlin, 1975.
2. Ammianus Marcellinus (391). Roman History 17.7.2, in J. C. Rolfe (editor), Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 300, Cambridge, MA, 1950.
3. Anonymous (452). Gallic Chronicle 33, in T. Mommsen (editor), Monumenta Germaniae Historica Auctores Antiquissimi, Vol. 9, Berlin, 1892.
4. Aristotle (circa 330 B.C.). Meteorologica 2.4-8, in H. D. P. Lee (editor), Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 397, Cambridge, MA, 1952.
5. Augustine (circa 410). On the Sack of the City of Rome 7, in M. V. O'Reilly (editor), Corpus Christianorum Series Latina, Vol. 46, Turnhout, 1969.
6. Ambraseys, N. (2002). The seismic activity of the Marmara Sea region over the last 2000 years, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92, 1-18.
7. Barka, A. (1999). The 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake, Science 285, 1,858-1,859.
8. Cameron, A. (1987). Earthquake 400, Chiron 17, 343-360.
9. Claudian (circa 399). Against Eutropius 1.4-5, 2.24-30, in M. Platnauer (editor), Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 135, Cambridge, MA, 1922.
10. Degterev, A. K. (2001). Earthquake effect on hydrogen sulfide contamination of the Black Sea, Russian Meteorology and Hydrology 2001(12), 38-42.
11. Demetrescu, G. and G. Petrescu (1941). Sur les phénomènes lumineux qui ont accompagné le tremblement de terre de Roumanie du 10 novembre 1940, Bulletin of the Roumanian Academy, Scientific Section 23, 292-296.
12. Demougeot, E. (1951). De l'Unité à la Division de l'Empire Romain, 395-410, Essai sur le Gouvernement Impérial, Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve, 194.
13. Deng, Q., P. Jiang, L. M. Jones, and P. Molnar (1982). A preliminary analysis of changes in ground water and anomalous animal behavior before the 4 February 1975 Haicheng earthquake, in D. W. Simpson and P. G. Richards (editors), Earthquake Prediction: An International Review, Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 543-565.
14. Derr, J. S. (1973). Earthquake lights: A review of observations and present theories, Bulletin of the Seismo logical Society of America 63, 2,177-2,187.
15. Derr, J. S. (1986). Luminous phenomena and their relationship to rock fracture, Nature 321, 470-471.
16. Derr, J. S. and M. A. Persinger (1992). Hydrological anomalies preceding earthquakes and luminous phenomena, First European Meeting, Society for Scientific Exploration, Munich, Germany, 7-8 August 1992.
17. Erkrnen, E. (2001). ALP Reports Related with Earthquakes, http://www.tuvpo.com/alpreports/alpeng.htmL
18. Freund, F. T. (2003). Rocks that crackle and sparkle and glow: Strange pre-earthquake phenomena, Journal of Scientific Exploration 17, 37-71.
19. Galli, I. (1910). Raccolta e classificazione di fenomeni luminosi osservati nei terremoti, Bollettino Soc. Sism. Italiana 14, 221-448.
20. Gershenson, D. E. and D. A. Greenberg (1964). Anaxagoras and the Birth of Physics, New York: Blaisdell.
21. Gold, T. and S. Soter (1985). Fluid ascent through the solid lithosphere and its relation to earthquakes, Pure and Applied Geophysics 122, 492-530.
22. Gore, R. (2000). Wrath of the gods: Earthquake in Turkey, National Geographic 198(1), 36-51.
23. Grattarola, P. (1989). Il terremoto del 396 e il popolo cristiano di Costantinopoli, in M. Sordi (editor), Fenomeni Naturali e Avvenimenti Storici nell'Antichita, Milan: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 237-249.
24. Guidoboni, E., A. Comastri, and G. Traina (1994). Catalogue of Ancient Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Area up to the 10th Century, Rome: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica.
25. Hedervari, P. (1984). Quake lights recorded, Geotimes 29(7), 4-5.
26. Hill, E. (1995). The Works of Saint Augustine, Part HI, Sermons, Vol. 16, Hyde Park, NY: New City, 443-444.
27. Hippolytus (circa 234). Refutation of All Heresies 1.8, in J. P. Migne (editor), Patrologia Graeca, Vol. 16, Paris, 1860.
28. Hough, S. E. (2000). A volcano in North Carolina? A closer look at a tall tale, Seismo logical Research Letters 71, 704-710.
29. Hubaux, J. (1948). La crise de la trois cent soixante cinquième année, LAntiquité Classique 17, 343-354.
30. Khilyuk, L. F., G. V. Chilingar, J. O. Robertson, Jr., and B. Endres (2000). Gas Migration: Events Preceding Earthquakes, Houston, TX: Gulf.
31. Marcellinus Comes (534). Chronicle 396, in T. Mommsen (editor), Monumenta Germaniae Historica Auctores Antiquissimi, Vol. 11, Berlin, 1894.
32. Matsushima, M., Y. Honkura, N. Oshiman, S. Baris, M. K. Tunçer, S. B. Tank, C. Çelik, F. Takahashi, M. Nakanishi, R. Yoshimura, R. Pektas, T. Komut, E. Tolak, A. Ito, Y. Iio, and A. M. Isikara (2002). Seismoelectromagnetic effect associated with the Izmit earthquake and its aftershocks, Bulletin of the Seismo logical Society of America 92, 350-360.
33. Montandon, F. (1948). Lueurs et malaises d'origine séismique, Geographica Helvetica 3(2), 157-178.
34. Musya, K. (1931). On the luminous phenomenon that attended the Idu earthquake, November 26th, 1930, Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute of Tokyo 9, 214-215.
35. Musya, K. (1932). Investigations into the luminous phenomena accompanying earthquakes, Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute of Tokyo 10, 666-673.
36. O'Reilly, M. V. (1955). Sancti Aurelii Augustini De Excidio Urbis Romae Sermo, Washington, DC: Catholic University of America, 89-90.
37. Orosius (417). History Books against the Pagans 3.3, in J. P. Migne (editor), Patrologia Latina, Vol. 31, Paris, 1846.
38. Ouellet, M. (1990). Earthquake lights and seismicity, Nature 348, 492.
39. Papadopoulos, G. A. (1999). Luminous and fiery phenomena associated with earthquakes in the east Mediterranean, in M. Hayakawa (editor), Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, Tokyo: Terra Scientific Publishing Company, 559-575.
40. Perrey, A. (1850). Mémoire sur les tremblements de terre ressentis dans la péninsule turco-hellénique et en Syrie, Mémoires Couronnés et Mémoires des Savants Etrangers 23, 1-68.
41. Philostorgius (425). Ecclesiastical History 12.8, epitomized by Photius in J. P. Migne (editor), Patrologia Graeca, Vol. 65, Paris, 1858
42. Nicephorus Callistus in J. P. Migne (editor), Patrologia Graeca, Vol. 146, Paris, 1865.
43. Rothaus, R. M., E. Reinhardt, and J. Noller (2003). Regional considerations of coastline change, tsunami damage and recovery along the southern coast of the Bay of Izmit (the Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake of 17 August 1999, Natural Hazards (in press).
44. Russell, K. W. (1985). The earthquake chronology of Palestine and Northwest Arabia from the 2nd through the mid-8th century A.D., Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research 260, 37-59.
45. Schove, D. J. (1984). Chronology of Eclipses and Comets, AD 1-1000, Suffolk: Boydell, 72-73.
46. Seeck, O. (1920). Geschichte des Untergangs der Antiken Welt, Vol. 5, Berlin: Siemenroth, 563.
47. Seneca (65). Natural Questions 6.9.1, in T. H. Corcoran (editor), Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 457, Cambridge, MA, 1972.
48. Simkin, T. and L. Siebert (1994). Volcanoes of the World, Tucson, Geoscience.
49. Sordi, M. (1989). Il lampo sismico del 91 a. C. e la denunzia dei cavalieri contro Druso, in M. Sordi (editor), Fenomeni Naturali e Avvenimenti Storici nell'Antichità, Milan: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 127-132.
50. Soter, S. (1999). Macroscopic seismic anomalies and submarine pockmarks in the Corinth-Patras rift, Greece, Tectonophysics 308, 275-290.
51. St-Laurent, F. (2000). The Saguenay, Québec, earthquake lights of November 1988-January 1989: A comparative study with reference to the geoatmospheric lights classification proposed by Montandon in 1948, and a description put forward by Yasui in 1968, Seismological Research Letters 71, 160-174.
52. Stothers, R. B. (1979). Ancient aurorae, Isis 70, 85-95.
53. Tereda, T (1931). On luminous phenomena accompanying earthquakes, Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute of Tokyo 9, 225-255.
54. Tributsch, H. (1982). When the Snakes Awake: Animals and Earthquake Prediction, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
55. Trombley, F. R. and J. W. Watt (2000). The Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
56. Tsukuda, T. (1997). Sizes and some features of luminous sources associated with the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, Journal of Physics of the Earth 45, 73-82.
57. Wallace, R. E. and T.-L. Teng (1980). Prediction of the Sungpan-Pingwu earthquakes, August 1976, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 70, 1,199-1,223.
58. Wright, W (1882). The Chronicle of Joshua the Sty lite, Composed in Syriac A.D. 507, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 36-37.
59. Yasui, Y. (1968). A study on the luminous phenomena accompanied with earthquakes, Memoirs of Kakioka Magnetic Observatory 13, 25-61.
60. Yasui, Y. (1973). A summary of studies on luminous phenomena accompanied with earthquakes, Memoirs of Kakioka Magnetic Observatory 15, 127-138.