Is the atmosphere interesting? A projection pursuit study of the circulation in the Northern Hemisphere winter

Journal of Climate

Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1239-1254

  Christiansen, Bo ^a  

^a DANISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC DATUM; CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREMS; GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTED; GAUSSIANITY; HIGH-DIMENSIONAL DATA SPACES; IN-PHASE; INTER-ANNUAL VARIABILITIES; MULTI MODALITIES; NON-GAUSSIANITY; NORTHERN HEMISPHERES; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; PROJECTION PURSUITS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCES; SURROGATE DATUM; TEMPORAL STRUCTURES; TIME-SCALES; TROPOSPHERIC CIRCULATIONS; WINTER CIRCULATIONS;

ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS; MONTE CARLO METHODS; PHASE SPACE METHODS; SULFUR COMPOUNDS; TROPOSPHERE; UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

ATMOSPHERICS;

ANNUAL VARIATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CLIMATE MODELING; ERROR ANALYSIS; GAUSSIAN METHOD; MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; PREDICTION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE INTERACTION; TIMESCALE; WINTER;

EID: 64049118207     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2633.1     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Ambaum, M. H., 2008: Unimodality of wave amplitude in the Northern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1077-1086.
2. Bolton, R. J., and W. J. Krzanowski, 1999: A characterization of principal components for projection pursuit. Amer. Stat., 53, 108-109.
3. Branstator, G., and J. Berner, 2005: Linear and nonlinear signatures in the planetary wave dynamics of an AGCM: Phase space tendencies. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1792-1891.
4. Bretherton, C. S., M. Widmann, V. P. Dymnikov, J. M. Wallace, and I. Blade, 1999: The effective number of spatial degrees of freedom of a time-varying field. J. Climate, 12, 1990-2009.
5. Chan, J. C. L., and J.-E. Shi, 1997: Application of projection-pursuit principal component analysis method to climate studies. Int. J. Climatol., 17, 103-113.
6. Charney, J. G., and J. G. Devore, 1979: Multiple flow equilibria in the atmosphere and blocking. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1205-1216.
7. Christiansen, B., 2001: Downward propagation of zonal mean zonal wind anomalies from the stratosphere to the troposphere: Model and reanalysis. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27 307-27 322.
8. Christiansen, B., 2002: On the physical nature of the Arctic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1806, doi:10.1029/ 2001GL014130.
9. Christiansen, B., 2003: Evidence for nonlinear climate change: Two stratospheric regimes and a regime shift. J. Climate, 16, 3681-3689.
10. Christiansen, B., 2005a: On the bimodality of the planetary-scale atmospheric wave amplitude index. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2528-2541.
11. Christiansen, B., 2005b: The shortcomings of nonlinear principal component analysis in identifying circulation regimes. J. Climate, 18, 4814-4823.
12. Christiansen, B., 2007a: Atmospheric circulation regimes: Can cluster analysis provide the number? J. Climate, 20, 2229-2250.
13. Christiansen, B., 2007b: Reply. J. Climate, 20, 378-379.
14. Corti, S., F. Molteni, and T. N. Palmer, 1999: Signature of recent climate change in frequencies of natural atmospheric circulation regimes. Nature, 398, 799-802.
15. Crommelin, D. T., 2004: Observed nondiffusive dynamics in large-scale atmospheric flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2384-2396.
16. DelSole, T., 2001: Optimally persistent patterns in time-varying fields. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1341-1355.
17. Diaconis, P., and D. Freedman, 1984: Asymptotics of graphical projection pursuit. Ann. Stat., 12, 793-815.
18. Diamantaras, K. I., and S. Y. Kung, 1996: Principal Component Neural Networks: Theory and Applications. Wiley and Sons, 255 pp.
19. Franzke, C., A. J. Majda, and G. Branstator, 2007: The origin of nonlinear signatures of planetary wave dynamics: Mean phase space tendencies and contributions from non-Gaussianity. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 3987-4003.
20. Friedman, J. H., and J. W. Tukey, 1974: A projection pursuit algorithm for explanatory data analysis. IEEE Trans. Comput., C-13, 881-889.
21. Hansen, A. R., and S. Sutera, 1995: The probability density distribution of the planetary-scale atmospheric wave amplitude revisited. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2463-2472.
22. Hsieh, W. W., and A. J. Cannon, 2008: Towards robust nonlinear multivariate analysis by neural network methods. Nonlinear Time Series Analysis in the Geosciences, R. Donner and S. Barbosa, Eds., Springer, 97-124.
23. Hsu, C. J., and F. Zwiers, 2001: Climate change in recurrent regimes and modes of northern hemisphere atmospheric variability. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20 145-20 159.
24. Hyvärinen, A., J. Karhunen, and E. Oja, 2001: Independent Component Analysis. Wiley and Sons, 481 pp.
25. Jolliffe, I., 2002: Principal Component Analysis. Springer Verlag, 487 pp.
26. Kaiser, H. F., 1958: The varimax criterion for analytical rotation in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 23, 187-200.
27. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
28. Kimoto, M., and M. Ghil, 1993: Multiple flow regimes in the northern hemisphere winter. Part I: Methodology and hemispheric regimes. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2635-2643.
29. Li, G., and Z. Chen, 1985: Projection-pursuit approach to robust dispersion matrices and principal components: Primary theory and Monte Carlo. J. Amer. Stat. Assoc., 80, 759-766.
30. Michelangeli, P.-A., R. Vautard, and B. Legras, 1995: Weather regimes: Recurrence and quasi stationarity. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1237-1256.
31. Mo, K., and M. Ghil, 1988: Cluster analysis of multiple planetary flow regimes. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10 927-10 952.
32. Monahan, A. H., L. Pandolfo, and J. Fyfe, 2001: The preferred structure of variability of the northern hemisphere atmospheric circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1019-1022.
33. Monahan, A. H., L. Pandolfo, and J. Fyfe, 2003: The vertical structure of wintertime climate regimes of the northern hemisphere extratropical atmosphere. J. Climate, 16, 2005-2020.
34. Nason, G. P., and R. Sibson, 1992: Measuring multimodality. Stat. Comput., 2, 153-160.
35. Palmer, T. N., 1993: A nonlinear dynamical perspective on climate change. Weather, 48, 313-326.
36. Palmer, T. N., 1999: A nonlinear dynamical perspective on climate change. J. Climate, 12, 575-591.
37. Preisendorfer, R. W., and C. D. Mobley, 1988: Principal Component Analysis in Meteorology and Oceanography. Elsevier, 426 pp.
38. Robertson, A. W., and M. Ghil, 1999: Large-scale weather regimes and local climate over the western United States. J. Climate, 12, 1796-1813.
39. Silverman, B. W., 1986: Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. Chapman and Hall, 175 pp.
40. Smyth, P., K. Ide, and M. Ghil, 1999: Multiple regimes in northern hemisphere height fields via mixture model clustering. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3704-3723.
41. Stephenson, D. B., A. Hannachi, and A. O'Neill, 2004: On the existence of multiple climate regimes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 583-605.
42. Taguchi, M., and S. Yoden, 2002: Internal interannual variability of the troposphere-stratosphere coupled system in a simple global circulation model. Part I: Parameter sweep experiment. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3021-3036.