The natural history of light smokers: A population-based cohort study

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 156-163

  Levy, Douglas E ^a,b   Biener, Lois ^c   Rigotti, Nancy A ^a,b  

^a Institute for Health Policy   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HISTORY; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELF CONCEPT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SMOKING CESSATION; SMOKING HABIT; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL STATUS; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; MALE; MASSACHUSETTS; MIDDLE AGED; SMOKING; SOCIAL CLASS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 64049114362     PISSN: 14622203     EISSN: 1469994X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntp011     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Benowitz, N., Jacob, P., Ahijevych, K., Jarvis, M., Hall, S., LeHouezec, J., et al. (2002). Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 4, 149-159.
2. Biener, L., & Albers, A. B. (2004). Young adults: Vulnerable new targets of tobacco marketing. American Journal of Public Health, 94 326-330.
3. Bjartveit, K., & Tverdal, A. (2005). Health consequences of smoking 1-4 cigarettes per day. Tobacco Control, 14, 315-320.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1994). Cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 1992, and changes in the definition of current cigarette smoking. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 43, 342-346.
5. Evans, J., Gilpin, E., Pierce, J. P., Burns, D., Borland, R., Johnson, M., et al. (1992). Occasional smoking among adults: Evidence from the California Tobacco Survey. Tobacco Control, 1, 169-175.
6. Farkas, A. J., Gilpin, E. A., Distefan, J. M., & Pierce, J. P. (1999). The effects of household and workplace smoking restrictions on quitting behaviours. Tobacco Control, 8, 261-265.
7. Gilpin, E., Cavin, S. W., & Pierce, J. P. (1997). Adult smokers who do not smoke daily. Addiction, 92, 473-480.
8. Hassmiller, K. M., Warner, K. E., Mendez, D., Levy, D. T., & Romano, E. (2003). Nondaily smokers: Who are they? American Journal of Public Health, 93, 1321-1327.
9. Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerström, K. O. (1991). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1119-1127.
10. Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., Rickert, W., & Robinson, J. (1989). Measuring the heaviness of smoking: Using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day. British Journal of Addiction, 84, 791-799.
11. Hennrikus, D. J., Jeffery, R. W., & Lando, H. A. (1996). Occasional smoking in a Minnesota working population. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 1260-1266.
12. Husten, C. G., McCarty, M. C., Giovino, G. A., Chrismon, J. H., & Zhu, B. (1998). Intermittent smokers: A descriptive analysis of persons who have never smoked daily. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 86-89.
13. Hyland, A., Rezaishiraz, H., Bauer, J., Giovino, G. A., & Cummings, K. M. (2005). Characteristics of low-level smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 7, 461-468.
14. Kawachi, I., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., Rosner, B., et al. (1994). Smoking cessation and time course of decreased risks of coronary heart disease in middle-aged women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 154, 169-175.
15. Lindstrom, M., & Isacsson, S. O. (2002). Long term and transitional intermittent smokers: A longitudinal study. Tobacco Control, 11, 61-67.
16. Luoto, R., Uutela, A., & Puska, P. (2000). Occasional smoking increases total and cardiovascular mortality among men. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2, 133-139.
17. McDermott, L., Dobson, A., & Owen, N. (2007) Occasional tobacco use among young adult women: A longitudinal analysis of smoking transitions. Tobacco Control, 16, 248-254.
18. Moran, S., Wechsler, H., & Rigotti, N. A. (2004). Social smoking among US college students. Pediatrics, 114, 1028-1034.
19. Okuyemi, K. S., Harris, K. J., Scheibmeir, M., Choi, W. S., Powell, J., & Ahluwalia, J. S. (2002). Light smokers: Issues and recommendations. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 4(Suppl. 2), S103-S112.
20. Orzechowski & Walker. (2003). The tax burden on tobacco: Historical compilation, 2002, Vol. 37. Arlington, VA: Orzechowski & Walker.
21. Owen, N., Kent, P., Wakefield, M., & Roberts, L. (1995). Low-rate smokers. Preventive Medicine, 24, 80-84.
22. Porter, S., Jackson, K., Trosclair, A., & Pederson, L. (2003). Prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults and changes in prevalence of current and some day smoking - United States, 1996 - 2001. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 52, 303-304. 306-307.
23. Prescott, E., Scharling, H., Osler, M., & Schnohr, P. (2002). Importance of light smoking and inhalation habits on risk of myocardial infarction and all cause mortality. A 22 year follow up of 12 149 men and women in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56, 702-706.
24. Rock, V., Malarcher, A., Kahende, J., Asman, K., Husten, C., & Caraballo, R. (2007). Cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2006. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 56, 1157-1161.
25. Rosengren, A., Wilhelmsen, L., & Wedel, H. (1992). Coronary heart disease, cancer and mortality in male middle-aged light smokers. Journal of Internal Medicine, 231, 357-362.
26. Shiffman, S. (1989). Tobacco "chippers" - Individual differences in tobacco dependence. Psychopharmacology, 97, 539-547.
27. Shiffman, S., Kassel, J. D., Paty, J., Gnys, M., & Zettler-Segal, M. (1994). Smoking typology profiles of chippers and regular smokers. Journal of Substance Abuse, 6, 21-35.
28. Siahpush, M., McNeill, A., Borland, R., & Fong, G. T. (2006). Socioeconomic variations in nicotine dependence, self-efficacy, and intention to quit across four countries: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control, 15 (Suppl 3), iii71-iii75.
29. Stanton, C. A., Papandonatos, G., Lloyd-Richardson, E. E., & Niaura, R. (2007). Consistency of self-reported smoking over a 6-year interval from adolescence to young adulthood. Addiction, 102, 1831-1839.
30. Tong, E. K., Ong, M. K., Vittinghoff, E., & Perez-Stable, E. J. (2006). Nondaily smokers should be asked and advised to quit. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30, 23-30.
31. Trotter, L., Wakefield, M., & Borland, R. (2002). Socially cued smoking in bars, nightclubs, and gaming venues: A case for introducing smoke-free policies. Tobacco Control, 11, 300-304.
32. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1994). Preventing tobacco use among young people: A report of the surgeon general. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
33. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2004). The health consequences of smoking: A report of the surgeon general. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
34. Wetter, D. W., Kenford, S. L., Welsch, S. K., Smith, S. S., Fouladi, R. T., Fiore, M. C., et al. (2004). Prevalence and predictors of transitions in smoking behavior among college students. Health Psychology, 23, 168-177.
35. Wortley, P. M., Husten, C. G., Trosclair, A., Chrismon, J., & Pederson, L. L. (2003). Nondaily smokers: A descriptive analysis. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 5, 755-759.
36. Zhu, S. H., Sun, J., Hawkins, S., Pierce, J., & Cummins, S. (2003). A population study of low-rate smokers: Quitting history and instability over time. Health Psychology, 22, 245-252.