Ficus hispida Linn. leaf extract possesses antioxidant potential and abrogates azathioprine induced prooxidant and antioxidant imbalance in rat liver

International Journal of Pharmacology

Volumn 4, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 376-381

  Shanmugarajan, T S ^a   Devaki, T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS   (India)

Author keywords

Antioxidants; Azathioprine; DPPH; Ficus hispida; Oxidative stress

Indexed keywords

1,1 DIPHENYL 2 PICRYLHYDRAZYL; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID; AZATHIOPRINE; CATALASE; FICUS HISPIDA EXTRACT; GLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE; PLANT EXTRACT; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FICUS; FICUS HISPIDA; IC 50; LIPID PEROXIDATION; LIVER INJURY; MALE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PLANT LEAF; RAT;

EID: 63749127715     PISSN: 18117775     EISSN: 18125700     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2008.376.381     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Amin, A. and A.A. Hamza, 2005. Hepatoprotective effects of Hibiscus, Rosmarmus and Salvia on azathioprine-induced toxicity in rats. Life Sci., 77: 266-278.
2. Aniya, Y., T. Yokomakura, M. Yonamine, K. Shimada, T. Nagamine, M. Shimabukuro and H. Gibo, 1999. Screening of antioxidant action of various molds and protection of Monascus anka against experimentally induced liver injuries of rats. Gen. Pharmacol., 32: 225-231.
3. Baek, M.W., S.H. Seok, H.Y. Lee, D.J. Kim, B.H. Lee, Y.T. Alan, K.S. Lim, C.S. Huh and J.H. Park, 2008. Protective and therapeutic effects of an extract mixture of alder tree, labiate herb, milk thistle green bean-rice bran fermentation and turnip against ethanol-induced toxicity in the rat. J. Vet. Sci., 9: 31-37.
4. Balanehru, S. and B. Nagarajan, 1991. Protective effect of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid against lipid peroxidation. Biochem. Int., 24: 981-990.
5. Bardek, I., V. Milavec-Puretić and J. Lipozencić, 2007. Azathioprine in dermatology. Acta Dermatovenerol. Croat., 15: 264-268.
6. Beers, R.F. Jr. and I.W. Sizer, 1952. A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. J. Biol. Chem., 195: 133-140.
7. Chaung, S.S., C.C. Lin, J. Lin, K.H. Yu, Y.F. Hsu and M.H. Yen, 2003. The hepatoprotective effects of Limonium sinense against carbon tetrachloride and beta-D-galactosamine intoxication in rats. Phytother. Res., 17: 784-791.
8. David-Neto, E., J. Americo da Fonseca, F. Jota de Paula, W.C. Nahas, E. Sabbaga and L.E. Ianhez, 1999. The impact of azathioprine on chronic viral hepatitis in renal transplantation: A long-term, single-center, prospective study on azathioprine withdrawal. Transplantation, 68: 976-980.
9. De Boer, N.K., C.J. Mulder and A.A. van Bodegraven, 2005. Myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity during azathioprine therapy. Neth. J. Med., 63: 444-446.
10. Dutta-Roy, A.K., 1999. Molecular mechanism of cellular uptake and intracellular translocation of α-tocopherol: Role of tocopherol-binding proteins. Food Chem. Toxicol., 37: 967-971.
11. Ellman, G.L., 1959. Tissue sulfydryl groups. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 82: 70-71.
12. Garrat, D.C., 1964. The Quantitative Analysis of Drugs. Vol. 3. Chapman and Hall, Japan, pp: 456-458, ISBN: 8123907540.
13. Habig, W.H., M.J. Pabst and W.B. Jakoby, 1974. Glutathione-S-transferases: The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem., 249: 7130-7139.
14. Heneghan, M.A. and I.G. McFarlane, 2002. Current and novel immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology, 35: 7-13.
15. Helming, S.M., J.Z. Zhang, R.W. McKee, M.E. Swendseid and R.A. Jacob, 1991. Glutathione blood levels and other oxidant defense indices in men fed diets low in vitamin C. J. Nutr., 121: 1969-1975.
16. Hwang, B.Y., H.S. Kim, J.H. Lee, Y.S. Hong, J.S. Ro, K.S. Lee and J.J. Lee, 2001. Antioxidant benzoylated flavan-3-ol glycoside from Celastrus orbiculatus. J. Nat. Prod., 64: 82-84.
17. Jeong, H.G., 1999. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 expression by oleanolic acid: Hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury. Toxicol. Lett., 105: 215-222.
18. Jung, J.Y., I.K. Lee, S.J. Seok, H.J. Lee, Y.H. Kim and B.S. Yun, 2008. Antioxidant polyphenols from the mycelial culture of the medicinal fungi Inonotus xeranticus and Phellinus linteus. J. Applied Microbiol., 104: 1824-1832.
19. Kim, N.Y., M.K. Lee, M.J. Park, S.J. Kim, H.J. Park, J.W. Choi, S.H. Kim, S.Y. Cho and J.S. Lee, 2005. Momordin Ic and oleanolic acid from Kochiae Fructus reduce carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. J. Med. Food, 8: 177-183.
20. King, L.E. Jr., J..H. Park, L.B. Adams and N.J. Olsen, 1995. Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantitative evaluation of therapeutic regimens in dermatomyositis. Arch. Dermatol., 131: 522-524.
21. La Mantia, L., N. Mascoli and C. Milanese, 2007. Azathioprine. Safety profile in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurol Sci., 28: 299-303.
22. Lee, A.U. and G.C. Farrell, 2001. Mechanism of azathioprine induced injury to hepatocytes: Roles of glutathione depletion and mitochondrial injury. J. Hepatol., 35: 756-764.
23. Li, C.R., Z. Zhou, R.X. Lin, D. Zhu, Y.N. Sun, L.L. Tian, L. Li, Y. Gao and S.Q. Wang, 2007. Beta-sitosterol decreases irradiation-induced thymocyte early damage by regulation of the intracellular redox balance and maintenance of mitochondrial membrane stability. J. Cell Biochem., 102: 748-758.
24. Lowry, O.H., N.J. Rosenbrough, A.L. Farr and R.J. Randall, 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275.
25. Maltzman, J.S. and G.A. Koretzky, 2003. Azathioprine: Old drag new actions. J. Clin. Invest., 111: 1122-1124.
26. Mandal, S.C., B. Saraswathi, C.K.A. Kumar, S.M. Lakshmi and B.C. Maiti, 2000. Protective effect of leaf extract of Ficus hispida Linn. against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytother. Res., 14: 457-459.
27. Mandal, S.C. and C.K.A. Kumar, 2002. Studies on anti-diarrhoeal activity of Ficus hispida, leaf extract in rats. Fitoterapia, 73: 663-667.
28. Matsuura, H., H. Chiji, C. Asakawa, M. Amano, T. Yoshihara and J. Mizutani, 2003. DPPH radical scavengers from dried leaves of oregano ( Origanum vulgare). Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 67: 2311-2316.
29. Misra, H.P. and I. Fridovich, 1972. The role of superoxide anion in the auto-oxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J. Biol. Chem., 247: 3170-3175.
30. Ng, T.B., F. Liu and Z.T. Wang, 2000. Antioxidative activity of natural products from plants. Life Sci., 66: 709-723.
31. Ohkawa, H., N. Ohishi and K. Yagi, 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem 95: 351-358.
32. Oliveira, F.A., M.H. Chaves, F.R.C. Almeida, R.C.P. Lima Jr., R.M. Silva, J.L. Maiaa, G.A.A.C. Brito, F.A. Santos and V.S. Rao, 2005. Protective effect of α- and β-amyrin, a triterpene mixture from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March. trunk wood resin, against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol., 98: 103-108.
33. Peraza-Sánchez, S.R., H. Chai, Y.G. Shin, T. Santisuk, V. Reutrakul, N.R. Farnsworth, G.A. Cordell, J.M. Pezzuto and A.D. Kinghorn, 2002. Constituents of the leaves and twigs of Ficus hispida. Planta Med., 68: 186-188.
34. Pol, S., R. Cavalcanti, F. Camot, C. Legendre, F. Driss, M.L. Chaix, E. Thervet, N. Chkoff, C. Brechot, P. Berthelot and H. Kreis, 1996. Azathioprine hepatitis in kidney transplant recipients. A predisposing role of chronic viral hepatitis. Transplantation, 61: 1774-1776.
35. Rajasekaran N.S., H. Devaraj and S.N. Devaraj, 2002. The effect of glutathione monoester (GME) on glutathione (GSH) depleted rat liver. J. Nutr. Biochem., 13: 302-306.
36. Rathi, A., A.K. Srivastava, A. Shirwaikar, A.K. Singh Rawat and S. Mehrotra, 2007. Hepatoprotective potential of Fumaria indica Pugsley whole plant extracts, fractions and an isolated alkaloid protopine. Phytomedicine, 15: 470-477.
37. Raza, M., M. Ahmad, A. Gado and O.A. Al-shabanah, 2003. A comparison of hepatoprotective activities of aminoguanidme and N-acetylcysteine in rat against the toxic damage induced by azathioprine. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol., 134: 451-456.
38. Rotruck, I.T., A.L. Pope, H.E. Ganther, A.B. Swanson, D.G. Hafeman and W.G. Hoekstra, 1973. Selenium: Biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science., 179: 588-590.
39. 4-induced hepatotoxicity. J. Med. Food, 8: 261-265.
40. Shanmugarajan, T.S., M. Arunsundar, I. Somasundaram, D. Sivaraman, E. Krishnakumar and V. Ravichandran, 2008. Ameliorative effect of Ficus hispida Linn. on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative hepatic injury in rats. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. (In Press). http://www.academicjournals.net/ fulltext/jpt/0/676-JPT-AJ.pdf.
41. Tapner, M.J., B.E. Jones, W.M. Wu and G.C. Farrell, 2004. Toxicity of low dose azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in rat hepatocytes. Roles of xanthine oxidase and mitochondrial injury. J. Hepatol., 40: 454-463.
42. Ulicná, O., M. G-reksák, O. Vancová, L. Zlatos, S. Galbavý, P. Bozek and M. Nakano, 2003. Hepatoprotective effect of rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) on CC14-induced liver damage in rats. Physiol. Res., 52: 461-466.
43. Wu, D. and A. Cederbaum, 2004. Glutathione depletion in CYP2E1-expressing liver cells induces toxicity due to the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and reduction of nuclear factor-κB DNA binding activity. Mol. Pharmacol., 66: 749-760.
44. Wu, Y.T., C. Shen, J. Yin, J.P. Yu and Q. Meng, 2006. Azathioprine hepatotoxicity and the protective effect of liquorice and glycyrrhizic acid. Phytother. Res., 20: 640-645.
45. Yokota, J., D. Takuma, A. Hamada, M. Onogawa, S. Yoshioka, M. Kusunose, M. Miyamura, S. Kyotani and Y. Nishioka, 2006. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by Eriobotrya japonica seed extract. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 29: 467-471.