메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 586-593

Certain progestins prevent the enhancing effect of 17β-estradiol on NO-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation by endothelial cells

Author keywords

17 estradiol; Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; GTP cyclohydrolase; Progestins; Thrombosis

Indexed keywords

ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; ESTRADIOL; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE CYCLOHYDROLASE I; LEVONORGESTREL; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; MIFEPRISTONE; NITRIC OXIDE; NOMEGESTROL ACETATE; PROGESTERONE; SEPIAPTERIN; HORMONE ANTAGONIST; MEGESTROL; MESSENGER RNA; NOS3 PROTEIN, HUMAN; PREGNANE DERIVATIVE; PROGESTERONE DERIVATIVE; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; PTERIN DERIVATIVE;

EID: 63449138493     PISSN: 10795642     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.178004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 77957126077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. JAMA. 1995;273:199-208
    • Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. JAMA. 1995;273:199-208.
  • 2
    • 0034617277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogens and glucocorticoids inhibit endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression by different transcriptional mechanisms
    • Simoncini T, Maffei S, Basta G, Barsacchi G, Genazzani AR, Liao JK, De Caterina R. Estrogens and glucocorticoids inhibit endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression by different transcriptional mechanisms. Circ Res. 2000;87:19-25.
    • (2000) Circ Res , vol.87 , pp. 19-25
    • Simoncini, T.1    Maffei, S.2    Basta, G.3    Barsacchi, G.4    Genazzani, A.R.5    Liao, J.K.6    De Caterina, R.7
  • 5
    • 0034811899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 17beta-estradiol inhibition of NADPH oxidase expression in human endothelial cells
    • Wagner AH, Schroeter MR, Hecker M. 17beta-estradiol inhibition of NADPH oxidase expression in human endothelial cells. FASEB J. 2001;15:2121-2130.
    • (2001) FASEB J , vol.15 , pp. 2121-2130
    • Wagner, A.H.1    Schroeter, M.R.2    Hecker, M.3
  • 6
    • 0032589745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen receptor alpha mediates the nongenomic activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by estrogen
    • Chen Z, Yuhanna IS, Galcheva-Gargova Z, Karas RH, Mendelsohn ME, Shaul PW. Estrogen receptor alpha mediates the nongenomic activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by estrogen. J Clin Invest. 1999;103:401-406.
    • (1999) J Clin Invest , vol.103 , pp. 401-406
    • Chen, Z.1    Yuhanna, I.S.2    Galcheva-Gargova, Z.3    Karas, R.H.4    Mendelsohn, M.E.5    Shaul, P.W.6
  • 7
    • 0034644608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane estrogen receptor engagement activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase via the PI3-kinase-Akt pathway in human endothelial cells
    • Haynes MP, Sinha D, Russell KS, Collinge M, Fulton D, Morales-Ruiz M, Sessa WC, and Bender JR. Membrane estrogen receptor engagement activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase via the PI3-kinase-Akt pathway in human endothelial cells. Circ Res. 2000;87:677-682.
    • (2000) Circ Res , vol.87 , pp. 677-682
    • Haynes, M.P.1    Sinha, D.2    Russell, K.S.3    Collinge, M.4    Fulton, D.5    Morales-Ruiz, M.6    Sessa, W.C.7    Bender, J.R.8
  • 8
    • 21244506201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen induces vascular wall dilation: Mediation through kinase signaling to nitric oxide and estrogen receptors alpha and beta
    • Guo X, Razandi M, Pedram A, Kassab G, Levin ER. Estrogen induces vascular wall dilation: mediation through kinase signaling to nitric oxide and estrogen receptors alpha and beta. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:19704-19710.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 19704-19710
    • Guo, X.1    Razandi, M.2    Pedram, A.3    Kassab, G.4    Levin, E.R.5
  • 9
    • 0023879461 scopus 로고
    • Effect of 17 beta-estradiol on endothelium-dependent responses in the rabbit
    • Gisclard V, Miller VM, Vanhoutte PM. Effect of 17 beta-estradiol on endothelium-dependent responses in the rabbit. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988;244:19-22.
    • (1988) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.244 , pp. 19-22
    • Gisclard, V.1    Miller, V.M.2    Vanhoutte, P.M.3
  • 10
    • 0034713614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic 17beta-estradiol replacement increases nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation of guinea pig coronary microcirculation
    • Thompson LP, Pinkas G, Weiner CP. Chronic 17beta-estradiol replacement increases nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation of guinea pig coronary microcirculation. Circulation. 2000;102:445-451.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 445-451
    • Thompson, L.P.1    Pinkas, G.2    Weiner, C.P.3
  • 11
    • 0028964018 scopus 로고
    • Up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase by estradiol in human aortic endothelial cells
    • Hishikawa K, Nakaki T, Marumo T, Suzuki H, Kato R, Saruta T. Up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase by estradiol in human aortic endothelial cells. FEBS Lett. 1995;360:291-293.
    • (1995) FEBS Lett , vol.360 , pp. 291-293
    • Hishikawa, K.1    Nakaki, T.2    Marumo, T.3    Suzuki, H.4    Kato, R.5    Saruta, T.6
  • 12
    • 0030843573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen upregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression in fetal pulmonary artery endothelium
    • MacRitchie AN, Jun SS, Chen Z, German Z, Yuhanna IS, Sherman TS, Shaul PW. Estrogen upregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression in fetal pulmonary artery endothelium. Circ Res. 1997;81:355-362.
    • (1997) Circ Res , vol.81 , pp. 355-362
    • MacRitchie, A.N.1    Jun, S.S.2    Chen, Z.3    German, Z.4    Yuhanna, I.S.5    Sherman, T.S.6    Shaul, P.W.7
  • 14
    • 1642362646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 17β-Estradiol increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA copy number in cerebral blood vessels: Quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction
    • Stirone C, Chu Y, Sunday L, Duckles SP, Krause DN. 17β-Estradiol increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA copy number in cerebral blood vessels: quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003;478:35-38.
    • (2003) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.478 , pp. 35-38
    • Stirone, C.1    Chu, Y.2    Sunday, L.3    Duckles, S.P.4    Krause, D.N.5
  • 15
    • 0032860804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic estrogen treatment increases levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein in rat cerebral microvessels
    • McNeill AM, Kim N, Duckles SP, Krause DN, Kontos HA. Chronic estrogen treatment increases levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein in rat cerebral microvessels. Stroke. 1999;30:2186-2190.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 2186-2190
    • McNeill, A.M.1    Kim, N.2    Duckles, S.P.3    Krause, D.N.4    Kontos, H.A.5
  • 16
    • 33748198174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of chronic treatment with estrogen receptor ligands on regulation of nitric oxide synthase in porcine aortic endothelial cells
    • Okano H, Jayachandran M, Yoshikawa A, Miller VM. Differential effects of chronic treatment with estrogen receptor ligands on regulation of nitric oxide synthase in porcine aortic endothelial cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47:621-628.
    • (2006) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 621-628
    • Okano, H.1    Jayachandran, M.2    Yoshikawa, A.3    Miller, V.M.4
  • 18
    • 33845965679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progestins overcome inhibition of platelet aggregation by endothelial cells by down-regulating endothelial NO synthase via glucocorticoid receptors
    • Zerr-Fouineau M, Chataigneau M, Blot C, Schini-Kerth VB. Progestins overcome inhibition of platelet aggregation by endothelial cells by down-regulating endothelial NO synthase via glucocorticoid receptors. FASEB J. 2007;21:265-273.
    • (2007) FASEB J , vol.21 , pp. 265-273
    • Zerr-Fouineau, M.1    Chataigneau, M.2    Blot, C.3    Schini-Kerth, V.B.4
  • 19
    • 0022978584 scopus 로고
    • A simple in vitro model of mechanical injury of confluent cultured endothelial cells to study quantitatively the repair process
    • Klein-Soyer C, Beretz A, Millon-Collard R, Abecassis J, Cazenave JP. A simple in vitro model of mechanical injury of confluent cultured endothelial cells to study quantitatively the repair process. Thromb Haemost. 1986;56:232-235.
    • (1986) Thromb Haemost , vol.56 , pp. 232-235
    • Klein-Soyer, C.1    Beretz, A.2    Millon-Collard, R.3    Abecassis, J.4    Cazenave, J.P.5
  • 21
    • 3843146221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progestogen therapies: Differences in clinical effects?
    • Wiegratz I, Kuhl H. Progestogen therapies: differences in clinical effects? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2004;15:277-285.
    • (2004) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.15 , pp. 277-285
    • Wiegratz, I.1    Kuhl, H.2
  • 22
    • 0028258441 scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of medroxyprogesterone acetate, estradiol and estrone following oral administration of Klimaxil, Trisequence/Provera and Divina. A randomized, single-blind, triple cross-over bioavailability study in menopausal women
    • Svensson LO, Johnson SH, Olsson SE. Plasma concentrations of medroxyprogesterone acetate, estradiol and estrone following oral administration of Klimaxil, Trisequence/Provera and Divina. A randomized, single-blind, triple cross-over bioavailability study in menopausal women. Maturitas. 1994;18:229-238.
    • (1994) Maturitas , vol.18 , pp. 229-238
    • Svensson, L.O.1    Johnson, S.H.2    Olsson, S.E.3
  • 24
    • 0031740460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron diethyldithiocarbamate as spin trap for nitric oxide detection
    • Vanin AF. Iron diethyldithiocarbamate as spin trap for nitric oxide detection. Methods Enzymol. 1999;301:269-279.
    • (1999) Methods Enzymol , vol.301 , pp. 269-279
    • Vanin, A.F.1
  • 25
    • 0036441716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced spin trapping of vascular nitric oxide using colloid iron diethyldithiocarbamate
    • Kleschyov AL, Munzel T. Advanced spin trapping of vascular nitric oxide using colloid iron diethyldithiocarbamate. Methods Enzymol. 2002;359:42-51.
    • (2002) Methods Enzymol , vol.359 , pp. 42-51
    • Kleschyov, A.L.1    Munzel, T.2
  • 27
    • 0031884157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogens increase transcription of the human endothelial NO synthase gene: Analysis of the transcription factors involved
    • Kleinert H, Wallerath T, Euchenhofer C, et al. Estrogens increase transcription of the human endothelial NO synthase gene: analysis of the transcription factors involved. Hypertension. 1998;31:582-588.
    • (1998) Hypertension , vol.31 , pp. 582-588
    • Kleinert, H.1    Wallerath, T.2    Euchenhofer, C.3
  • 28
    • 0035943346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen prevents destabilization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha through estrogen receptor mediated system
    • Sumi D, Hayashi T, Jayachandran M, Iguchi A. Estrogen prevents destabilization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha through estrogen receptor mediated system. Life Sci. 2001;69:1651-1660.
    • (2001) Life Sci , vol.69 , pp. 1651-1660
    • Sumi, D.1    Hayashi, T.2    Jayachandran, M.3    Iguchi, A.4
  • 29
    • 57749171127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid response elements and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression
    • In press
    • Liu Y, Mladinov D, Pietrusz JL, Usa K, Liang M. Glucocorticoid response elements and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. Cardiovasc Res. In press.
    • Cardiovasc Res
    • Liu, Y.1    Mladinov, D.2    Pietrusz, J.L.3    Usa, K.4    Liang, M.5
  • 30
    • 0036343073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel 0.75 mg tablets
    • Kook K, Gabelnick H, Duncan G. Pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel 0.75 mg tablets. Contraception. 2002;66:73-76.
    • (2002) Contraception , vol.66 , pp. 73-76
    • Kook, K.1    Gabelnick, H.2    Duncan, G.3
  • 31
    • 0034727094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of oestrogen receptor with the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase
    • Simoncini T, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Brazil DP, Ley K, Chin WW, Liao JK. Interaction of oestrogen receptor with the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase. Nature. 2000;407:538-541.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 538-541
    • Simoncini, T.1    Hafezi-Moghadam, A.2    Brazil, D.P.3    Ley, K.4    Chin, W.W.5    Liao, J.K.6
  • 32
    • 0037462671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Src kinase mediates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent rapid endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activation by estrogen
    • Haynes MP, Li L, Sinha D, Russell KS, Hisamoto K, Baron R, Collinge M, Sessa WC, Bender JR. Src kinase mediates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent rapid endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activation by estrogen. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:2118-2123.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 2118-2123
    • Haynes, M.P.1    Li, L.2    Sinha, D.3    Russell, K.S.4    Hisamoto, K.5    Baron, R.6    Collinge, M.7    Sessa, W.C.8    Bender, J.R.9
  • 34
    • 0033542476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation
    • Dimmeler S, Fleming I, Fisslthaler B, Hermann C, Busse R, Zeiher AM. Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation. Nature. 1999;399:601-605.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 601-605
    • Dimmeler, S.1    Fleming, I.2    Fisslthaler, B.3    Hermann, C.4    Busse, R.5    Zeiher, A.M.6
  • 35
    • 0034054493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced electron flux and reduced calmodulin dissociation may explain "calcium-independent" eNOS activation by phosphorylation
    • McCabe TJ, Fulton D, Roman LJ, Sessa WC. Enhanced electron flux and reduced calmodulin dissociation may explain "calcium-independent" eNOS activation by phosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:6123-6128.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 6123-6128
    • McCabe, T.J.1    Fulton, D.2    Roman, L.J.3    Sessa, W.C.4
  • 36
    • 21544469973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estradiol-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase association with heat shock protein 90 requires adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase
    • Schulz E, Anter E, Zou MH, Keaney JF Jr. Estradiol-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase association with heat shock protein 90 requires adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Circulation. 2005;111:3473-3480.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 3473-3480
    • Schulz, E.1    Anter, E.2    Zou, M.H.3    Keaney Jr., J.F.4
  • 37
    • 23244467263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis and bioavailability in endothelial cells
    • Shi W, Meininger CJ, Haynes TE, Hatakeyama K, Wu G. Regulation of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis and bioavailability in endothelial cells. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2004;41:415-434.
    • (2004) Cell Biochem Biophys , vol.41 , pp. 415-434
    • Shi, W.1    Meininger, C.J.2    Haynes, T.E.3    Hatakeyama, K.4    Wu, G.5
  • 38
    • 0035425503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthases: Structure, function and inhibition
    • Alderton WK, Cooper CE, Knowles RG. Nitric oxide synthases: structure, function and inhibition. Biochem J. 2001;357:593-615.
    • (2001) Biochem J , vol.357 , pp. 593-615
    • Alderton, W.K.1    Cooper, C.E.2    Knowles, R.G.3
  • 39
    • 3042517347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of tyrosine hydroxylase and GTP cyclohydrolase I gene expression to estrogen in brain catecholaminergic regions varies with mode of administration
    • Serova LI, Maharjan S, Huang A, Sun D, Kaley G, Sabban EL. Response of tyrosine hydroxylase and GTP cyclohydrolase I gene expression to estrogen in brain catecholaminergic regions varies with mode of administration. Brain Res. 2004;1015:1-8.
    • (2004) Brain Res , vol.1015 , pp. 1-8
    • Serova, L.I.1    Maharjan, S.2    Huang, A.3    Sun, D.4    Kaley, G.5    Sabban, E.L.6
  • 40
    • 33646763564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen therapy replenishes vascular tetrahydrobiopterin and reduces oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats
    • Lam KK, Lee YM, Hsiao G, Chen SY, Yen MH. Estrogen therapy replenishes vascular tetrahydrobiopterin and reduces oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats. Menopause. 2006;13:294-302.
    • (2006) Menopause , vol.13 , pp. 294-302
    • Lam, K.K.1    Lee, Y.M.2    Hsiao, G.3    Chen, S.Y.4    Yen, M.H.5
  • 41
    • 33745243392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen-triggered activation of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 gene expression: Role of estrogen receptor subtypes and interaction with cyclic AMP
    • Serova LI, Filipenko M, Schilt N, Veerasirikul M, Sabban EL. Estrogen-triggered activation of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 gene expression: role of estrogen receptor subtypes and interaction with cyclic AMP. Neuroscience. 2006;140:1253-1263.
    • (2006) Neuroscience , vol.140 , pp. 1253-1263
    • Serova, L.I.1    Filipenko, M.2    Schilt, N.3    Veerasirikul, M.4    Sabban, E.L.5
  • 42
    • 0348223828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids decrease GTP cyclohydrolase and tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent vasorelaxation through glucocorticoid receptors
    • Mitchell BM, Dorrance AM, Mack EA, Webb RC. Glucocorticoids decrease GTP cyclohydrolase and tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent vasorelaxation through glucocorticoid receptors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2004;43:8-13.
    • (2004) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 8-13
    • Mitchell, B.M.1    Dorrance, A.M.2    Mack, E.A.3    Webb, R.C.4
  • 44
    • 0023254630 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-derived relaxing factor inhibits in vitro platelet aggregation
    • Furlong B, Henderson AH, Lewis MJ, Smith JA. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor inhibits in vitro platelet aggregation. Br J Pharmacol. 1987;90:687-692.
    • (1987) Br J Pharmacol , vol.90 , pp. 687-692
    • Furlong, B.1    Henderson, A.H.2    Lewis, M.J.3    Smith, J.A.4
  • 45
    • 0022599662 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation
    • Azuma H, Ishikawa M, Sekizaki S. Endothelium-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation. Br J Pharmacol. 1986;88:411-415.
    • (1986) Br J Pharmacol , vol.88 , pp. 411-415
    • Azuma, H.1    Ishikawa, M.2    Sekizaki, S.3
  • 46
    • 0023568115 scopus 로고
    • The role of nitric oxide and cGMP in platelet adhesion to vascular endothelium
    • Radomski MW, Palmer RM, Moncada S. The role of nitric oxide and cGMP in platelet adhesion to vascular endothelium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987;148:1482-1489.
    • (1987) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.148 , pp. 1482-1489
    • Radomski, M.W.1    Palmer, R.M.2    Moncada, S.3
  • 49
    • 0004916124 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-derived relaxing factor reduces platelet adhesion to bovine endothelial cells
    • Sneddon JM, Vane JR. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor reduces platelet adhesion to bovine endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988;85:2800-2804.
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.85 , pp. 2800-2804
    • Sneddon, J.M.1    Vane, J.R.2
  • 50
    • 0034625072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of tissue factor expression in human microvascular endothelial cells by nitric oxide
    • Yang Y, Loscalzo J. Regulation of tissue factor expression in human microvascular endothelial cells by nitric oxide. Circulation. 2000;101:2144-2148.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 2144-2148
    • Yang, Y.1    Loscalzo, J.2
  • 51
    • 0035808001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex steroids used in hormonal treatment increase vascular procoagulant activity by inducing thrombin receptor (PAR-1) expression: Role of the glucocorticoid receptor
    • Herkert O, Kuhl H, Sandow J, Busse R, Schini-Kerth VB. Sex steroids used in hormonal treatment increase vascular procoagulant activity by inducing thrombin receptor (PAR-1) expression: role of the glucocorticoid receptor. Circulation. 2001;104:2826-2831.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2826-2831
    • Herkert, O.1    Kuhl, H.2    Sandow, J.3    Busse, R.4    Schini-Kerth, V.B.5
  • 52
    • 0034638671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995: Cohort and case-control analysis
    • Jick H, Kaye JA, Vasilakis-Scaramozza C, Jick SS. Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995: cohort and case-control analysis. BMJ. 2000;321:1190-1195.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 1190-1195
    • Jick, H.1    Kaye, J.A.2    Vasilakis-Scaramozza, C.3    Jick, S.S.4
  • 53
    • 13344260005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of different progestagens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet. 1995;346:1582-1588
    • Effect of different progestagens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet. 1995;346:1582-1588.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.