Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old thoroughbred horses to early training. 5. Kinematic effects

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

Volumn 53, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 95-100

  Rogers, C W ^a   Firth, E C ^a   Anderson, B H ^b  

^a MASSEY UNIVERSITY   (New Zealand)

^b Ballarat Veterinary Practice Equine Clinic   (Australia)

Author keywords

Gait; Horse; Kinematics; Lameness; Racing; Thoroughbred; Training; Trot

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL LAMENESS; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; GAIT; HORSE; INFORMATION PROCESSING; KINEMATICS; MEASUREMENT; MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION; NONHUMAN; SAMPLE; SOUND; STANDING; TRAINING; VELOCITY; VIDEORECORDING;

ANIMALS; BIOMECHANICS; BREEDING; FEMALE; GAIT; HORSES; LAMENESS, ANIMAL; MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSIOLOGY; PHYSICAL CONDITIONING, ANIMAL; VIDEO RECORDING;

EID: 6344281423     PISSN: 00480169     EISSN: 11760710     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2005.36486     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Back W Hartman W Schamhardt HC, Bruin G, Barneveld A. Kinematic response to a 70 day training period in trotting Dutch warmbloods. Equine Veterinary Journal 18 (Supplement), 127–31, 1995
2. Back W, Schamhardt HC, Barneveld A. Are kinematics of the walk related related to the locomotion of a warmblood horse at the trot? Veterinary Quarterly 18, s79-84, 1996
3. Bailey CJ, Rose RJ, Reid SWJ, Hodgson DR. Wastage in the Australian Thoroughbred racing industry:a survey of Sydney trainers. Australian Veterinary Journal 75, 64–6, 1997
4. Boston RC, Nunamaker DM. Gait and speed as exercise components of risk factors associated with onset of fatigue injury of the third metacarpal bone in 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 61, 602–8, 2000
5. Boyde A, Firth EC. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 8. Quantitative back-scattered electron scanning electron microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy of the epiphysis of the third metacarpal bone. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53, 123–32, 2005
6. Buchner HHF. Gait adaptation in lameness in equine locomotion. In:Back W, Clayton H (eds). Equine Locomotion. Pp 251–79. Harcourt Publishers Ltd, London, UK, 2001
7. Buchner HHF, Savelberg HHCM, Schamhardt HC, Barneveld A. Temporal stride patterns in horses with experimentally induced fore and hindlimb lameness. Equine Veterinary Journal 18 (Supplement), 161–5, 1995 a
8. Buchner HHF, Savelberg HHCM, Schamhardt HC, Barneveld A. Bilateral lameness in horses-a kinematic study. Veterinary Quarterly 17, 103–5, 1995 b
9. Clayton HM. Gait evaluation:Making the most of your home video system. American Association of Equine Practitioners 36, 447–55, 1990
10. Clayton HM. The extended canter:a comparison of some kinematic variables in horses trained for dressage and for racing. Acta Anatomica 146, 183–7, 1993
11. Corley JM, Goodship AE. Treadmill training induced changes to some kinematic variables measured at the canter in Thoroughbred fillies. Equine Veterinary Journal 17 (Supplement), 20–4, 1994
12. Drevemo S, Dalin G, Fredricson I, Bjorne K. Equine locomotion:1. The analysis of linear and temporal stride characteristics of trotting Standardbreds. Equine Veterinary Journal 12, 60–95, 1980 a
13. Drevemo S, Dalin G, Fredricson I, Bjorne K. Equine locomotion:3. The reproducibility of gait in Standardbred trotters. Equine Veterinary Journal 12, 71–3, 1980b
14. Essen B, Lindholm A, Thornton JR. Histochemical properties of muscle fibre types and enzyme activities in skeletal muscle of Standardbred trotters of different ages. Equine Veterinary Journal 12, 174–80, 1980
15. Firth EC, Rogers CW. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 7. Bone and articular cartilage response in the carpus. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53, 113–22, 2005
16. Firth EC, Rogers CW Jopson N. Effects of race track exercise on third metacarpal and carpal bone of New Zealand Thoroughbred horses. Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions 2, 145–7, 2000
17. Firth EC, Rogers CW Perkins NR, Anderson BH, Grace ND. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 1. Study design, and clinical, nutritional, radiological and histological observations. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52, 261–71, 2004 a
18. Firth EC, Rogers CW, Anderson BH. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 4. Morphometric, microscopic and biomechanical properties of the digital tendons of the forelimb. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52, 285–92, 2004 b
19. Firth EC, Rogers CW Doube M, Jopson NB. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 6. Bone parameters in radius, third metacarpal and third metatarsal bones of young racetrack-trained Thoroughbreds. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53, 101–12, 2005
20. Kidd J. Equitation. Training of the Rider and Horse to Advanced Level. Country Life Books, London, UK, 1984
21. Leach DH, Crawford WH. Guidelines for the future of equine locomotion research. Equine Veterinary Journal 15, 103–10, 1983
22. Lovell DK, Rose RJ. Changes in skeletal muscle composition in response to interval and high intensity training. In:Persson SGB, Lindholm A, Jeffcott LB (eds). Equine Exercise Physiology 3. Pp 215–22. ICEEP Publications, Davis, California, USA, 1991
23. Marlin D, Nankervis K. Equine Exercise Physiology. P 296. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK, 2002
24. Morales JL, Monchado M, Vivo J, Galisteo AM, Aguera E, Miro F. Angular kinematic patterns of limbs in elite and riding horses at trot. Equine Veterinary Journal 30, 528–33, 1998
25. Moyer W Spencer PA, Kallish M. Relative incidence of dorsal metacarpal disease in young Thoroughbred racehorses training on 2 different surfaces. Equine Veterinary Journal 23, 166–8, 1991
26. Munoz A, Santisteban R, Rubio MD. Training as an influential factor on the locomotor pattern in Andulusian horses. Journal ofVeterinary Medical Science A44, 473–80, 1997
27. Perkins NR, Rogers CW Firth EC, Anderson BH. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 3. In vivo ultrasonographic assessment of the cross-sectional area and echogenicity of the superficial digital flexor tendon. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52, 280–4, 2004
28. Perkins NR, Reid SWJ, Morris RS. Profiling the New Zealand Thoroughbred racing industry. 2. Conditions interfering with training and racing. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53, 69–76, 2005
29. Persson SGB, Essen-Gustavsson B, Lindholm A. Energy profile and the locomotor pattern of trotting on an inclined treadmill. In:Persson SGB, Lindholm A, Jeffcott L (eds). Equine Exercise Physiology 3. Pp 239–41. ICEEP Publications, Davis, California, USA, 1991
30. Ratzlaff MH, Grant BD, Adrian M. Quantitative evaluation of equine carpal lameness. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2, 78–88, 1982
31. Rogers CW, Firth EC. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 2. Measurement error and effect of training stage on the relationship between objective and subjective criteria of training workload. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52, 272–9, 2004
32. Rogers CW Davies AS, Pfeiffer DU, Davie PS. Temporal changes in the trot between the first and third horse inspections at a CCI*** 3-day event. Equine Veterinary Journal 30 (Supplement), 254–7, 1999
33. Schwarz HG. Bewegunganalyse beim pferd und Untersuchung der Trainungseinwirkung auf Bewegungsablauf im Schritt und Trab. [Investigation of the effect of training on the walk and trot of horses.] PhD thesis, Giessen-Friedberg University, Giessen, Germany, 1971
34. Secombe CJ, Firth EC, Perkins NR, Bailey D, Anderson BH. The quantitative assessment of photodensity of the third carpal bone in the horse. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52, 70–5, 2004
35. van Weeren PR, van den Bogert AJ, BackW Bruin G, Barneveld A. Kinematics of the Standardbred trotter measured at 6, 7, 8, and 9 m/s on a treadmill before and after 5 months race training. Acta Anatomica 146, 154–61, 1993