Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 6. Bone parameters in the third metacarpal and third metatarsal bones

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

Volumn 53, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 101-112

  Firth, E C ^a   Rogers, C W ^a   Doube, M ^b   Jopson, N B ^c  

^a MASSEY UNIVERSITY   (New Zealand)

^b QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c ABACUSBIO LIMITED   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Bone label; Calcein; Computed tomography; Confocal fluorescent microscopy; Diaphysis; Epiphysis; Horse; Third metacarpal bone; Training

Indexed keywords

CALCEIN;

ARTICLE; BONE DENSITY; BONE STRENGTH; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; DIAPHYSIS; EPIPHYSIS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; HAVERSIAN CANAL; HORSE; METACARPAL BONE; METATARSAL BONE; MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION; NONHUMAN; TRAINING;

ANIMALS; BONE DENSITY; FEMALE; HORSES; METACARPAL BONES; METATARSAL BONES; MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL; PHYSICAL CONDITIONING, ANIMAL; REFERENCE VALUES; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 17244373842     PISSN: 00480169     EISSN: 11760710     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2005.36487     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Bailey CJ, Reid SW Hodgson DR, Rose RJ. Impact of injuries and disease on a cohort of two -and three-year-old Thoroughbreds in training. Veterinary Record 145, 487–93, 1999
2. Birch HL, McLaughlin L, Smith RK, Goodship AE. Treadmill exercise-induced tendon hypertrophy:assessment of tendons with different mechanical functions. Equine Veterinary Journal 30 (Supplement), 222–6, 1999
3. Boston RC, Nunamaker DM. Gait and speed as exercise components of risk factors associated with onset of fatigue injury of the third metacarpal bone in 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 61, 602–8, 2000
4. Boyde A, Firth EC. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 8. Quantitative back-scattered electron scanning electron microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy of the epiphysis of the third metacarpal bone. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53, 123–32, 2005
5. Boyde A, Haroon Y, Jones SJ, Riggs CM. Three dimensional structure of the distal condyles of the third metacarpal bone of the horse. Equine Veterinary Journal 31, 122–9, 1999
6. Burr DB, Martin RB, Schaffler MB, Radin EL. B one remodeling in response to in vivo fatigue microdamage. Journal of Biomechanics 18, 189–200, 1985
7. Davies HM. Relationships between third metacarpal bone parameters and surface strains. Equine Veterinary Journal 33 (Supplement), 16–20, 2001
8. Davies HM, Gale SM, Baker ID. Radiographic measures of bone shape in young Thoroughbreds during training for racing. Equine Veterinary Journal 30 (Supplement), 262–5, 1999
9. Faulkner RA, Bailey DA, Drinkwater DT, McKay HA, Arnold C, Wilkinson AA. Bone densitometry in Canadian children 8–17 years of age. Calcified Tissue International 59, 344–51, 1996
10. Firth EC. Problems in quantifying bone response to exercise in horses:a review. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52, 216–29, 2004
11. Firth EC, Rogers CW Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 7. Bone and articular cartilage response in the carpus. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53, 113–22, 2005
12. Firth EC, Goodship AE, Delahunt J, Smith T. Osteoinductive response in the dorsal aspect of the carpus of young Thoroughbreds in training occurs within months. Equine Veterinary Journal 30 (Supplement), 552–4, 1999 a
13. Firth EC, van Weeren PR, Pfeiffer DU, Delahunt J, Barneveld A. Effect of age, exercise and growth rate on bone mineral density (BMD) in third carpal bone and distal radius of Dutch Warmblood foals with osteochondrosis. Equine Veterinary Journal 31 (Supplement), 74–8, 1999 b
14. Firth EC, Delahunt J, Wichtel JW Birch HL, Goodship AE. Galloping exercise induces regional changes in bone density within the third and radial carpal bones of Thoroughbred horses. Equine Veterinary Journal 31, 111–5, 1999 c
15. Firth EC, Rogers CW Perkins NR, Anderson BH, Grace ND. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 1. Study design, and clinical, nutritional, radiological and histological observations. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52, 261–71, 2004 a
16. Firth EC, Rogers CW, Anderson BH. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 4. Morphometric, microscopic and biomechanical properties of the digital tendons of the forelimb. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52, 285–92, 2004 b
17. Katayama Y, Ishida N, Kaneko M, Yamaoka S, Oikawa M. The influence of exercise intensity on bucked shin complex in horses. Journal of Equine Science 12, 139–43, 2001
18. Leach DH, Sprigings EJ, Laverty WH. Multivariate statistical analysis of stride-timing measurements of non-fatigued racing Thoroughbreds American Journal of Veterinary Research 48, 880–8, 1987
19. McCarthy RN, Jeffcott LB. Effects of treadmill exercise on cortical bone in the third metacarpus of young horses. Research in Veterinary Science 52, 28–37, 1992
20. McKay HA, Bailey DA, Mirwald RL, Davison KS, Faulkner RA. Peak bone mineral accrual and age at menarche in adolescent girls:a 6-year longitudinal study. Journal of Pediatrics 133, 682–7, 1998
21. Moyer W, Spencer PA, Kallish M. Relative incidence of dorsal metacarpal disease in young Thoroughbred racehorses training on two different surfaces. Equine Veterinary Journal 23, 166–8, 1991
22. Norwood GL. The bucked shin complex in Thoroughbreds. Proceedings of the 24th Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. Pp 319–36, 1978
23. Nunamaker DM. Relationships of exercise regimen and racetrack surface to modeling/remodeling of the third metacarpal bone in two-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 15, 195–9, 2002
24. Nunamaker DM, Butterweck DM, Black J. Fatigue fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses:relationships with age and strain. Transactions of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Orthopedic Research Society. P 72, 1987
25. Nunamaker DM, Butterweck DM, Provost MT. Some geometric properties of the third metacarpal bone:a comparison between the Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorse. Journal of Biomechanics 22, 129–34, 1989
26. Nunamaker DM, Butterweck DM, Provost MT. Fatigue fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses:relationships with age, peak bone strain, and training. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 8, 604–11, 1990
27. Perkins NR, Rogers CW Firth EC, Anderson BH. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 3. In vivo ultrasonographic assessment of the cross-sectional area and echogenicity of the superficial digital flexor tendon. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52, 280–4, 2004
28. Perkins NR, Reid SWJ, Morris RS. Profiling the New Zealand Thoroughbred racing industry. 2. Conditions interfering with training and racing. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53, 69–76, 2005
29. Riggs CM. Fractures — a preventable hazard of racing Thoroughbreds? Veterinary Journal 163, 19–29,2002
30. Riggs CM, Boyde A. Effect of exercise on bone density in distal regions of the equine third metacarpal bone in 2-year-old Thoroughbreds. Equine Veterinary Journal 30 (Supplement), 555–60, 1999
31. Rogers CW, Firth EC. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 2. Measurement error and effect of training stage on the relationship between objective and subjective criteria of training workload. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52, 272–9, 2004
32. Rogers CW Firth EC, Anderson BH. Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 5. Kinematic effects. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53, 95–100, 2005
33. Schiessl H, Ferretti JL, Tysarczyk-Niemeyer G, Willnecker J. Non-invasive bone strength index as analysed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). In:Schoenau E (ed). Paediatric Osteoology:New Developments in Diagnosis and Therapy. Pp 141–6. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1996
34. Secombe CJ, Firth EC, Perkins NR, Bailey D, Anderson BH. The quantitative assessment of photodensity of the third carpal bone in the horse. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52, 70–5, 2004
35. Stover SM. Dorsal metacarpal disease in Thoroughbred horses. PhD thesis, University of California, Davis, USA, 1987
36. Young D, Hopper JL, Macinnis RJ, Nowson CA, Hoang NH, Whrk JD. Changes in body composition as determinants of longitudinal changes in bone mineral measures in 8-to 26-year-old female twins. Osteoporosis International 12, 506–15, 2001