Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

International Ophthalmology Clinics

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 69-84

  Shah, Kekul B ^a   Han, Dennis P ^a  

^a EYE INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INSULIN; PEGAPTANIB; RANIBIZUMAB; VASCULOTROPIN INHIBITOR;

ACCOMMODATION PARALYSIS; CATARACT EXTRACTION; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORNEA INJURY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DRUG MECHANISM; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ECHOGRAPHY; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; HUMAN; INSULIN TREATMENT; LASER COAGULATION; MYDRIASIS; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PAIN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RETINA DETACHMENT; RETINA HEMORRHAGE; RETINA ISCHEMIA; RETINA MACULA HEMORRHAGE; RETINA NEOVASCULARIZATION; RETINOSCHISIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT INDICATION; VISUAL FIELD DEFECT; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; VITRECTOMY;

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; HUMANS; LASER COAGULATION; RETINAL NEOVASCULARIZATION;

EID: 6344269856     PISSN: 00208167     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004397-200404440-00007     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Aiello LP. Vascular endothelial growth factor: 20th century mechanisms, 21st century therapies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;8:19-31.
2. Aiello L, Avery R, Arrigg P, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders. N Engl J Med. 1994;331: 1480-1487.
3. Aiello LP, Avery RL, Arrigg PG, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331:1480-1487.
4. Adamis AP, Shima DT, Yeo KT, et al. Synthesis and secretion of vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor by human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993;193:631-638.
5. Adamis A, Shima D, Tolentino M, et al. Inhibition of VEGF prevents ocular neovascularization in a non-human primate. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:66-71.
6. Adamis AP, Miller JW, Bernal MT, et al. Increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the vitreous of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;118:445-450.
7. Adamis AP, Miller JW, Bernal MT, et al. Elevated vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the vitreous of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;118:445-450.
8. Aiello L, Pierce E, Foley E, et al. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor suppresses retinal neovascularization in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92:10457-10461.
9. Taylor E, Dobree J. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: site and size of initial lesions. Br J Ophthalmol. 1970;54:11-18.
10. Tolentino MJ, Miller JW, Gragoudas ES, et al. Intravenous injection of vascular endothelial growth factor produces retinal ischemia and microangiopathy in an adult primate. Ophthalmology. 1996;103:1820-1828.
11. Yeo JH, Glaser BM, Michels RG. Silicone oil in the treatment of complicated retinal detachments. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:1109-1113.
12. Ramsay W, Ramsay R, Purple R, et al. Involutional diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1977;84:851-858.
13. Stitt AW. The role of advanced glycation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Exp Mol Pathol. 2003;75:95-108.
14. Stone J, Chan-Ling T, Pe'er J, et al. Roles of vascular endothelial growth factor and astrocyte degeneration in the genesis of retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996;37:290-299.
15. Klein R, Klein B, Moss S. Epidemiology of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 1992;15:1875-1891.
16. Klein R, Klein BED, Moss SE, et al. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: IX. Four-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:237-243.
17. Klein R, Klein BED, Moss SE, et al. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: IX. Four-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 years or more. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:244-249.
18. Klein R, Davis M, Moss S, et al. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: a comparison of retinopathy in younger and older onset diabetic persons. In: Vranic M, Hollenberg C, Steiner G, eds. Comparison of Type I and II Diabetes. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1985.
19. Beetham W, Aiello L, Balodimos M, et al. Ruby laser photocoagulation of early diabetic neovascular retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1970;83:261-272.
20. Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: clinical application of diabetic retinopathy study (DRS) finding. DRS Report Number 8. Ophthalmology. 1981;88:583-600.
21. Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Four risk factors for severe visual loss in diabetic retinopathy: the third report from the Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979;97:654-655.
22. Dahl-Jorgenson K, Brinchmann-Hansen O, Hanssen K, et al. and Group AD. Rapid tightening of blood glucose control leads to transient deterioration of retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the Oslo study. Br Med J. 1985;290:811-815.
23. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term compications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:977-986.
24. Pulido JS. Experimental nonenzymatic glycosylation of vitreous collagens occurs by two pathways. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1996;94:1029-1072.
25. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:977-986.
26. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes. 1995;44:968-983.
27. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Progression of retinopathy with intensive versus conventional treatment in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Ophthalmology. 1995;102:647-661.
28. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes. 1997;46:271-286.
29. Thompson JT, de Bustros S, Michels RG, et al. Results and prognostic factors in vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment of the macula. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:497.
30. Chew EY, Klein ML, Ferris FL III, et al. Association of elevated serum lipid leves with retinal hard exudates in diabetic retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) report no 22. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:1079-1084.
31. Davis M, Fisher M, Gangnon R, et al, and the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Risk factors for high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy and severe vision loss: Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy report no 18. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:233-252.
32. Reidel KG, Gabel VP, Neubauer L, et al. Intravitreal silicone oil injection: complications and treatment of 415 consecutive patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1990;228:19-23.
33. Haffner SM, Fong D, Stern MP, et al. Diabetic Retinopathy in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Diabetes. 1998;37:878-884.
34. Lee ET, Lee VS, Lu M, et al. Development of Proliferative retinopathy in NIDDM: a follow-up study of American Indians in Oklahoma. Diabetes. 1992;41:359-367.
35. Lee ET, Lee VS, Kingley RM, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in Oklahoma Indians with NIDDM: incidence and risk factors. Diabetes Care. 1992;15:1620-1627.
36. The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clinical application of DRS findings. DRS Report No. 8. Ophthalmology. 1981;88:583-600.
37. Bandello F, Gass J, Lattanzio R, et al. Spontaneous regression of neovascularization at the disk and elsewhere in diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmology. 1996;122:494-501.
38. Ramsay RC, Knobloch WH, Cantrill HL. Timing of vitrectomy for active proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:283-289.
39. Beetham W. Visual prognosis of proliferating diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1963;47:611-619.
40. Stirpe M, Billi B. Removal of fibrovascular diabetic membranes. In: Blankenship GW, Stirpe M, Gonvers M, et al, eds. Basic and Advanced Vitreous Surgery. Liviana Press; 1986:275-279.
41. Davis M. Vitreous contraction in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1965;74:741-751.
42. Bresnick G. Haight B and devenecia G. Retinal wrinkling and macular heterotopia in diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979;97:1890-1895.
43. Bresnick GH. Background diabetic retinopathy. In: Ryan SJ, ed. Retina. Vol. 2. St. Louis, MO: CV Mosby; 1989:327-366.
44. Cohen HB, McMeel JW, Franks EP. Diabetic traction detachment. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979;97:1268-1272.
45. Jaffe GJ, Burton TC. Progression of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy following cataract extraction. Arch Ophthalmol. 1988;106:745-749.
46. Ferris F. Early photocoagulation in patients with type I or II diabetes. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1996;94:504-537.
47. Schwartz SD, Alexander R, Hiscott P, et al. Recognition of vitreoschisis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A useful landmark in vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment. Ophthalmology. 1996;103:323-328.
48. Shimzu K, Kobayashi Y, Muraoaka K. Midperipheral fundus involvement in diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1981;88:601-612.
49. Chu TG, Lopez PF, Cano MR, et al. Posterior vitreoschisis. An echographic finding in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1996;103:315-322.
50. Imai M, Iijima H, Hanada N. Optical coherence tomography of tractional macular elevations in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;132: 458-461.
51. Morse LS, Chapman CB, Eliott D, et al. Subretinal hemorrhages in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Retina. 1997;17:87-93.
52. O'Hanley GP, Canny CLB. Diabetic dense premacular hemorrhage: a possible indication for prompt vitrectomy. Ophthalmology. 1985;92:507.
53. Han DP, Pulido JS, Mieler WF. Vitrectomy for Proliferative diabetic retinopathy with severe equatorial fibrovascular proliferation. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;119:563-570.
54. Lewis H, Abrams GW, Williams GA. Anterior hyaloidal fibrovascular proliferation after diabetic vitrectomy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1987;104:607.
55. Lewis H, Abrams GW, Foos RY. Clinicopathologic findings in anterior hyaloidal fibrovascular proliferation after diabetic vitrectomy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1987;104:614.
56. Campbell C, Koester C, Curtice V, et al. Clinical studies in laser photocoagulation. Arch Ophthalmol. 1965;74:57-65.
57. Charles S. Vitreous Microsurgery. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1981:107-120.
58. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy ETDRS Report Number 9. Ophthalmology. 1991;98(suppl): 766-785.
59. Jaffe GJ, Burton TC, Kuhn E, et al. Progression of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and visual outcome after extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992;114:448-456.
60. Doft B, Blankenship G. Single versus multiple treatment sessions of argon laser panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1982;89:772-779.
61. Blondeau P, Pavan P, Phelps C. Acute pressure elevation following panretinal photocoagulation. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981;99:1239-1241.
62. Packer A. Vitrectomy for progressive macular traction associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:1679-1682.
63. The Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study Research Group. Early vitrectomy for severe vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985;103:1644-1652.
64. D'Amico D. Diabetic traction retinal detachments threatening the fovea and panretinal argon laser photocoagulation. Semin Ophthalmol. 1991;6:11-18.
65. Kleiner R, Elman M, Murphy R, et al. Transient severe visual loss after panretinal photocoagulation. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988;106:298-306.
66. Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study Research Group. Early vitrectomy for severe vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy: four year results of a randomized trial. DRVS Report Number 5. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:958-964.
67. Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study Research Group. Early vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy in eyes with useful vision: results of a randomized trial-DRVS Report Number 3. Ophthalmology. 1988;95:130.
68. Aaberg TM, Abrams GW. Changing indications and techniques for vitrectomy in management of complications of diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:775-779.
69. Rand LI, Korlewski AS, Aiello LM, et al. Multiple factors in the prediction of risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:1433-1438.
70. Blankenship GW, Machemer R. Long-term diabetic vitrectomy results: report of 10 year follow up. Ophthalmology. 1985;92:503.
71. Charles S. Vitrectomy for retinal detachment. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1980;100:542.
72. Michels RG. Vitrectomy for complications of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978;96:237.
73. Rice T, Michels R, Rice E. Vitrectomy for diabetic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983;95:34-44.
74. Rice TA, Michels RG, Maguire MG, et al. The effect of lensectomy on the incidence of iris neovascularization and neovascular glaucoma after vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983;95:1-11.
75. Stitt AW, Moore JE, Sharkey JA, et al. Advanced glycation end products in vitreous: Structural and functional implications for diabetic vitreopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:2517-2523.
76. Michels R. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Pathophysiology of extraretinal complications and principles of vitreous surgery. Retina. 1981;1:1-17.
77. Michels R, Rice T, Tice E. Vitrectomy for diabetic vitreous hemorrhage. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983;95:12-21.
78. Han DP, Murphy ML, Mieler WF. A modified en block excision technique during vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment: results and complications. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:803-808.
79. Abrams G, Williams G. En bloc excision of diabetic membranes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1987;103:302-308.
80. Bodanowitz S, Kir N, Hesse L. Silicone oil for recurrent vitreous hemorrhage in previously vitrectomized diabetic eyes. Ophthalmologica. 1997;211:219-222.
81. Ehud A, Varda C, Joseph M, Giora T. Management of complicated retinal detachment by vitrectomy and silicone oil injection. Metabol Pediatr System Ophthalmol. 1988;81: 63-66.
82. Heimann K, Dahl B, Dimopoulos S, et al. Pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1989; 227:152-156.
83. McCuen BW II, Rinkoff JS. Silicone oil for progressive anterior ocular neovascularization after failed diabetic vitrectomy [published erratum appears in Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:1030]. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:677-682.
84. McCuen BW II, Rinkoff JS. Silicone oil for progressive anterior ocular neovascularization after failed diabetic vitrectomy [published erratum appears in Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:1030]. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:677-682.
85. Brourman ND, Blumendranz MS, Trese MT. Silicone oil for the treatment of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1989;96:759-764.
86. Rice T, Michels R, Rice E. Vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment involving the macula. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983;95:22-33.
87. Aiello LM, Wand M, Liang G. Neovascular glaucoma and vitreous hemorrhage following cataract sugery in patients with diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmol. 1983;90:814-820.
88. Blankenship GW. The lens influence on diabetic vitrectomy results: report of a prospective randomized study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1980;98:2196-2198.
89. Benson WE, Brown GC, Tasman W, et al. Extracapsular cataract extraction, posterior chamber lens insertion, and pars plana vitrectomy in one operation. Ophthalmology. 1990;97:918-921.
90. Blankenship GW, Flynn HW Jr, Kokame GT. Posterior chamber intraocular lens insertion during pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;108:1-5.
91. Kokame GT, Flynn HW Jr, Blankenship GW. Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation during diabetic pars plana vitrectomy. Ophthalmology. 1989;96:603-610.
92. Chaudhry NA, Belforte A, Flynn HW Jr, et al. Combined cataract extraction and pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998; 39:3818.
93. Chung TY, Chung H, Lee JH. Combined surgery and sequential surgery comprising phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy, and intraocular lens implantation: comparison of clinical outcomes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;11:2001-2005.
94. Demetriades AM, Gottsch JD, Thomsen R, et al. Combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and vitrectomy for eyes with coexisting cataract and vitreoretinal pathology. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;135:291-296.
95. Aiello L, Beetham W, Balodimos M, et al. Ruby laser photocoagulation in treatment of diabetic proliferating retinopathy: preliminary report. In: Goldberg M, Fine S, eds. Symposium on the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. Washington, D.C.: Public Health Service; 1969:437.