Ion formation at the boundary between a fast flow glow discharge ion source and a quadrupole mass spectrometer

Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

Volumn 19, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 1177-1185

  Mason, Rod S ^a   Williams, Dylan R ^a   Mortimer, Ifor P ^a   Mitchell, David J ^a   Newman, Karla ^a  

^a SWANSEA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANODES; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; CATHODES; DISCHARGE (FLUID MECHANICS); ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; ENERGY TRANSFER; IONIZATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; SPUTTERING; TITRATION;

DISCHARGE VOLTAGE; FLOW RATES; ION EXTRACTION; ION SAMPLING;

ARGON;

EID: 6344237066     PISSN: 02679477     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/b400563p     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (46)

1. A recent review: A. Bogaerts and R. Gijbels, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 1-42.
2. R. L. Smith, D. Serxner and K. R. Hess, Anal. Chem., 1989, 61, 1103-1108.
3. G. Ronan, J. Clark and N. Ketchwell, Mikrochim. Acta, 1989, III, 231; D. D. Duckworth and R. K. Marcus, J. Anal Atom. Spectrom., 1992, 7, 711-715; W. Hang and W. W. Harrison, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 4957-4963.
4. G. Ronan, J. Clark and N. Ketchwell, Mikrochim. Acta, 1989, III, 231; D. D. Duckworth and R. K. Marcus, J. Anal Atom. Spectrom., 1992, 7, 711-715; W. Hang and W. W. Harrison, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 4957-4963.
5. G. Ronan, J. Clark and N. Ketchwell, Mikrochim. Acta, 1989, III, 231; D. D. Duckworth and R. K. Marcus, J. Anal Atom. Spectrom., 1992, 7, 711-715; W. Hang and W. W. Harrison, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 4957-4963.
6. D. S. Gough, Anal. Chem., 1976, 48, 1926-1931.
7. H. J. Kim, Y. S. Park, G. H. Lee, K. B. Lee, H. Kim and J. S. Kim, Microchem. J., 1998, 59, 399-412 and references cited therein.
8. H. J. Kim, E. H. Piepmier, G. L. Beck, G. G. Brumbaugh and O. T. Farmer, III, Anal. Chem., 1990, 62, 639-643 and 62, 1368-1373.
9. R. S. Mason, P. D. Miller and I. P. Mortimer, Phys. Rev. E, 1997, 55, 7462-7472.
10. R. S. Mason, I. P. Mortimer, D. R. Williams and D. Gilmour, Proceedings of the XIV International Conference on Gas Discharges and their Applications, University of Liverpool, 2002, vol. 2, pp. 252-256.
11. R. S. Mason, P. D. Miller, I. Mortimer, D. J. Mitchell and N. A. Dash, Phys. Rev. E, 2003, 68, 16408.
12. D. J. Mitchell, N. A. Dash and R. S. Mason, Proceedings of the XIV International Conference on Gas Discharges and their Applications, University of Liverpool, 2002, vol. 2, pp. 248-252.
13. Energy is lost from the plasma by radiation, collisional relaxation and diffusion of energetic species to the walls.
14. K. Newman, R. S. Mason, D. R. Williams and I. P. Mortimer, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2004, DOI: 10.1039/B400564N.
15. H. Hotop and A. Niehaus, Z. Phys., 1968, 215, 395-407.
16. Thermo Elemental Ltd., Ion Path, Road Three, Winsford, Cheshire, UK.
17. The source used with the magnetic deflection based instrument reported earlier (refs. 7-9) had a wider anode section and did not show a significant change in discharge current with flow speed [I. P. Mortimer, PhD Thesis, University of Wales Swansea, 2000].
18. The effect of probe diameter was briefly investigated, but did not alter the results significantly. Thus, for example, the change observed when 1 mm diameter hollow probes were used was within the day to day reproducibility of the data (100 mV) despite the increased hydrodynamic disturbance.
19. B. Chapman, Glow Discharge Processes, 1980, John Wiley & Sons, (a) ch. 4, p. 79, (b) ch. 3, pp. 53-56.
20. A. Von Engel, Ionised Gases, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1965, ch. 8, pp. 217-222; F. Llewellyn-Jones, The Glow Discharge and an Introduction to Plasma Physics, Meuthen & Co. Ltd, 1966, ch. 5, pp. 90-91.
21. A. Von Engel, Ionised Gases, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1965, ch. 8, pp. 217-222; F. Llewellyn-Jones, The Glow Discharge and an Introduction to Plasma Physics, Meuthen & Co. Ltd, 1966, ch. 5, pp. 90-91.
22. K. Tachibana and K. Fukuda, Jap. J. Appl. Phys., 1973, 12, 895-902.
23. L. Schott, in Plasma Diagnostics, ed. W. Lochte-Holtgreven, AmericanVacuum Society Classics, 1995, ch. 11, p. 705.
24. N. A. Dash, unpublished work.
25. L. B. Loeb, Fundamental Processes of Electrical Discharge in Gases, John Wiley & Sons, London, 1939, (a) ch. 11, pp. 596-598, (b) ch. 11, p. 572.
26. W. W. Harrison and B. L. Bentz, Anal. Chem., 1979, 51, 1853-1855; N. Jakubowski, D. Stuewer and G. Toelg, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1986, 71, 183-187; W. S. Taylor, J. G. Dulak and S. N. Ketkar, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1990, 1, 448-454.
27. W. W. Harrison and B. L. Bentz, Anal. Chem., 1979, 51, 1853-1855; N. Jakubowski, D. Stuewer and G. Toelg, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1986, 71, 183-187; W. S. Taylor, J. G. Dulak and S. N. Ketkar, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1990, 1, 448-454.
28. W. W. Harrison and B. L. Bentz, Anal. Chem., 1979, 51, 1853-1855; N. Jakubowski, D. Stuewer and G. Toelg, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1986, 71, 183-187; W. S. Taylor, J. G. Dulak and S. N. Ketkar, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1990, 1, 448-454.
29. T. F. Gallagher, Rydberg Atoms, 1994, Cambridge University Press, (a) ch. 6, p. 95, (b) ch. 6, p. 84.
30. F. B. Dunning, H. R. Dunham, C. Oubre and P. Nordlander, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B, 2003, 203, 69-75.
31. J. A. Sciavone, S. M. Tarr and R. S. Freund, Phys. Rev. A, 1979, 20, 71-81.
32. T. F. Gallagher, S. A. Edelstein and R. M. Hill, Phys. Rev. A, 1977, 15, 1945-1951; J. A. Schiavone, D. E. Donohue, D. R. Herriek and R. S. Freund, Phys. Rev. A, 1977, 16, 48-61; W. A. Chupka, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 4520-4530.
33. T. F. Gallagher, S. A. Edelstein and R. M. Hill, Phys. Rev. A, 1977, 15, 1945-1951; J. A. Schiavone, D. E. Donohue, D. R. Herriek and R. S. Freund, Phys. Rev. A, 1977, 16, 48-61; W. A. Chupka, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 4520-4530.
34. T. F. Gallagher, S. A. Edelstein and R. M. Hill, Phys. Rev. A, 1977, 15, 1945-1951; J. A. Schiavone, D. E. Donohue, D. R. Herriek and R. S. Freund, Phys. Rev. A, 1977, 16, 48-61; W. A. Chupka, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 4520-4530.
35. R. F. Stebbings, Science, 1976, 193, 537-542.
36. S. E. Kupriyanov, Sov. Phys. JETP, 1967, 5, 197-199.
37. A. V. Chaplik, Sov. Phys. JETP, 1968, 27, 178-181.
38. There appear to be no recent quantitative studies of this phenomenon specific to excited states of Ar, but a recent study of the effect involving xenon Rydberg states is given in ref. 25.
39. H. B. Michaelson, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, ed D. R. Lide, CRC Press, 73rd edn., 1993, pp. 12-108.
40. cone values. Furthermore, the enhancement of total signal does match what was observed for the increase in cathode ion signals induced.
41. For example see F. Merkt and H. Schutz, J. Chem. Phys., 1998, 108, 10033-10045.
42. VG Plasmaquad - System Manual, version 2b, October 1989.
43. R. S. Mason, P. D. J. Anderson and M. T. Fernandez, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1993, 128, 99-105.
44. W. W. Harrison, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13, 1051-1056.
45. C. L. Lewis, L. Li, J. T. Millay, S. Downey, S. Warrick and F. L. King, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2003, 18, 527-532.
46. J. E. Velazco, J. H. Kolts and D. W. Setser, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 69, 4357-4373.