Early Paleozoic to Devonian multiple-accretionary model for the Qilian Shan, NW China

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

Volumn 35, Issue 3-4, 2009, Pages 323-333

  Xiao, Wenjiao ^a   Windley, Brian F ^b   Yong, Yong ^a   Yan, Zhen ^c   Yuan, Chao ^d   Liu, Chuanzhou ^a   Li, Jiliang ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY   (China)

^d GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF GEOCHEMISTRY   (China)

Author keywords

Northern Tibetan Plateau; Qilian; Subduction accretion; Tectonic architecture

Indexed keywords

ACCRETION; CAMBRIAN; CONTINENTAL MARGIN; DEVONIAN; HIGH PRESSURE; OCEANIC CRUST; PALEOZOIC; PASSIVE MARGIN; SUBDUCTION; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHY;

ASIA; CHINA; EURASIA; FAR EAST; QILIAN MOUNTAINS;

EID: 63249116937     PISSN: 13679120     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.10.001     Document Type: Article

References (135)

1. Aitchison J.C., Badengzhu, Davis A.M., Liu J., Luo H., Malpas J.G., McDerimid I.R.C., Wu H., Ziabrev S.V., and Zhou M.F. Remnants of a Cretaceous intra-oceanic subduction system within the Yarlung-Zangbo suture (southern Tibet). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 183 (2001) 231-244
2. Arnaud N., Tapponnier P., Roger F., Brunel M., Scharer U., Chen W., and Xu Z. Evidence for Mesozoic shear along the western Kunlun and Altyn-Tagh fault, northern Tibet (China). Journal of Geophysical Research 108 B1 (2003) 2053 10.1029/2001JB000904
3. Bader A.G., Pubellier M., Rangin C., Deplus C., and Louat R. Active slivering of oceanic crust along the Molucca ridge (Indonesia-Philippine): implications for ophiolite incorporation in a subduction wedge?. Tectonics 18 (1999) 606-620
4. Chang C.F., Chen N., Coward M.P., Deng W.M., Dewey J.F., Gansser A., Harris B.W., Kidd W.S.F., Leeder M.R., Li H., Lin J., Liu C., Mei H., Molnar P., Pan Y., Pearce J.A., Shackleton R.M., Smith A.B., Sun Y., Ward M., Watts D.R., Xu J., Xu R., Yin J., and Zhang Y. Preliminary conclusions of the royal society and academia sinica 1985 geotraverse of Tibet. Nature 323 (1986) 501-507
5. Chen W.P., Chen C.Y., and Nabelek J.L. Present-day deformation of the Qaidam Basin with implications for intra-continental tectonics. Tectonophysics 305 1-3 (1999) 165-181
6. Cowgill E., Yin A., Harrison T.M., and Wang X.-F. Reconstruction of the Altyn Tagh fault based on U-Pb geochronology: role of back thrusts, mantle sutures, and heterogeneous crustal strength in forming the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research 108B (2003) 2346 10.1029/2002JB002080
7. Dewey J.F., Shackleton R., Chang C.F., and Sun Y. The tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London A327 (1988) 379-413
8. Dilek Y., and Moores E.M. A Tibetan model for the early tertiary western United States. Journal of the Geological Society, London 156 (1999) 929-941
9. Feng Y. Investigatory summary of the Qilian orogenic belt, China: history, presence and prospect. Advance in Earth Science 12 (1997) 307-314
10. Fortey R.A., and Cocks L.R.M. Palaeontological evidence bearing on global Ordovician-Silurian continental reconstructions. Earth-Science Reviews 61 (2003) 245-307
11. Gao R., Cheng X., and Wu G. Lithospheric structure and geodynamic model of the Golmud-Ejin transect in northern Tibet. In: Macfarlane A., Sorkhabi R.B., and Quade J. (Eds). Himalaya and Tibet; Mountain Roots to Mountain Tops. Special Paper - Geological Society of America (1999), Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States 9-17
12. Gehrels G.E., Yin A., and Wang X. Magmatic history of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 B9 (2003) 2423 10.1029/2002JB001876
13. Gehrels G.E., Yin A., and Wang X. Detrital-zircon geochronology of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Geological Society of America Bulletin 115 7 (2003) 881-896
14. Guo J., and Li H. Angular unconformity between the Huashishan Group and Huangzhong Group in the eastern part of the central Qilian Mountains: identification and implications. Progress in Precambrian Research 22 2 (1999) 47-52
15. Guo J., Zhao F., Li H., and Li H. New chronological evidence for the age of the Huangyuan Group in the eastern Qilian Mountains, China, and its geological significance. Regional Geology of China 19 1 (2000) 26-31
16. Hall R., and Spakman W. Subducted slabs beneath the eastern Indonesia-Tonga region: insights from tomography. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 201 (2002) 321-336
17. Hall R. Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific: computer-based reconstructions, model and animations. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 20 (2002) 353-431
18. Holbrook W.S., Lizarralde D., McGeary S., Bangs N., and Diebold J. Structure and composition of the Aleutian island arc and implications for continental crustal growth. Geology 27 (1999) 31-34
19. Jahn B.-M. The third workshop of IGCP-420 (continental crowth in the Phanerozoic: evidence from Central Asia). Episodes 24 (2001) 272-273
20. Jahn B.-M., Windley B., Natal'in B., and Dobretsov N. Phanerozoic continental growth in Central Asia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 23 (2004) 599-603
21. Kapp P., Yin A., Manning C.E., Murphy M., Harrison T.M., Spurlin M., Ding L., Deng X.-G., and Wu C.-M. Blueschist-bearing metamorphic core complexes in the Qiangtang block reveal deep crustal structure of northern Tibet. Geology 28 (2000) 19-22
22. Kapp P., Yin A., Manning C.E., Murphy M., Harrison T.M., Taylor M.H., and Ding L. Tectonic evolution of the early Mesozoic blueschist-bearing Qiangtang metamorphic belt, central Tibet. Tectonics 22 (2003) 1043 10.1029/2002TC001383
23. Kapp P., Murphy M., Yin A., Harrison T.M., Ding L., and Guo J. Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Shiquanhe area of western Tibet. Tectonics 22 (2003) 1029 10.1029/2001TC001332
24. Konstantinovskaia E.A. Geodynamics of an early Eocene arc - continent collision reconstructed from the Kamchatka Orogenic Belt, NE Russia. Tectonophysics 325 (2000) 87-105
25. Konstantinovskaia E.A. Arc-continent collision and subduction reversal in the Cenozoic evolution of the Northwest Pacific: an example from Kamchatka (NE Russia). Tectonophysics 333 (2001) 75-94
26. Lai S.C., Deng J.F., and Zhao H.L. Volcanism and tectonic setting during Ordovician period on the northern margin of Qaidam. Journal of Xian College of Geology 18 (1996) 8-14
27. Lai S.C., Deng J.F., and Zhao H.L. Petrological restrictions on the Ordovician ocean scale and spreading rate in the Qilian area. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 17 (1997) 35-39
28. Lehmann J., Arndt N.T., Windley B.F., Zhou M.F., Wang C., and Harris C. Geology, geochemistry and origin of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposit. Economic Geology 102 (2007) 75-94
29. Li C. Plate tectonics and polycyclic orogenesis. Acta Geologica Sinica 53 4 (1979) 305-315
30. Li X.H., Su L., Chung S.-L., Li Z.X., Liu Y., Song B., and Liu D.Y. Formation of the Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion and the world's third largest Ni-Cu sulfide deposit: Associated with the ∼825 Ma south China mantle plume?. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 6 (2005) Q11004 10.1029/20005GC001006
31. Litvinovsky B.A., Jahn B.-M., Zanvilevich A.N., Saunders A., Poulain S., Kuzmin D.V., Reichow M.K., and Titov A.V. Petrogenesis of syenite-granite suites from the Bryansky Complex (Transbaikalia, Russia): implications for the origin of A-type granitoid magmas. Chemical Geology 189 (2002) 105-133
32. 39Ar ages of blueschist facies pelitic schists from Qingshuigou in the northern Qilian Mountains, western China. Island Arc 15 (2006) 187-198
33. 39Ar geochronology and P-T-t paths constraining tectonic processes in orogenic belts: results from Qilian and Kunlun Mountains (Western China) and Radstadt Mountains (Eastern Alps, Austria). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria, p. 100.
34. Lu S.N., Wang H.C., and Li H.K. Redefinition of the "Dakendaban Group" on the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin. Geological Bulletin of China 21 (2002) 19-23 (in Chinese with English abstract)
35. Lu S.N., Yu H.F., Jin W., Li H.Q., and Zheng J.K. Microcontinents on the eastern margin of Tarim paleocontinent. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 21 (2002) 317-326 (in Chinese with English abstract)
36. Mann P., and Taira A. Global tectonic significance of the Solomon Islands and Ontong Java Plateau convergent zone. Tectonophysics 389 (2004) 137-190
37. Manning C.E., Menold C.A., Yin A., and Gehrels G. Metamorphism and exhumation of ultrahigh pressure eclogites and gneisses, North Qaidam, China. In: Anonymous (Ed). Geological Society of America, 2001 Annual Meeting (2001), Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States 252
38. Matte P., Tapponnier P., Arnaud N., Bourjot L., Avouac J.P., Vidal P., Liu Q., Pan Y., and Wang Y. Tectonics of Western Tibet, between the Tarim and the Indus. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 142 (1996) 311-330
39. Mattern F., Schneider W., Li Y., and Li X. A traverse through the western Kunlun (Xinjiang, China): tentative geodynamic implications for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Geologische Rundschau 85 (1996) 705-722
40. Mattinson C.G., Wooden J.L., Liou J.G., Bird D.K., and Wu C.L. Age and duration of eclogite-facies metamorphism, North Qaidam HP/UHP terrane, Western China. American Journal of Science 306 (2006) 683-711 10.2475/09.2006.01
41. Pan G.T., Li X.Z., Wang L.Q., Ding J., and Chen Z.L. Preliminary division of tectonic units of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent regions. Geological Bulletin of China 21 (2002) 701-707
42. Pan G.T., Mo X.X., Hou Z.Q., Zhu D.C., Wang L.Q., Li G.M., Zhao Z.D., Geng Q.R., and Liao Z.L. Spatial-temporal framework of the Gangdese Orogenic Belt and its evolution. Acta Petrologica Sinica 22 3 (2006) 521-533
43. Petterson M.G., Babbs T., Neal C.R., Mahoney J.J., Saunders A.D., Duncan R.A., Tolia D., Magua R., Qopoto C., Mahoaa H., and Natogga D. Geological-tectonic framework of Solomon Islands, SW Pacific: crustal accretion and growth within an intra-oceanic setting. Tectonophysics 301 (1999) 35-60
44. Phinney E.J., Mann P., Coffin M.F., and Shipley T.H. Sequence stratigraphy, structural style, and age of deformation of the Malaita accretionary prism (Solomon arc-Ontong Java Plateau convergent zone). Tectonophysics 389 (2004) 221-246
45. Polat A., Kusky T., Li J.H., Fryer B., Kerrich R., and Patrick K. Geochemistry of Neoarchean (ca. 2.55-2.50 Ga) volcanic and ophiolitic rocks in the Wutaishan greenstone belt, central orogenic belt, North China craton: implications for geodynamic setting and continental growth. Geological Society of America Bulletin 117 (2005) 1387-1399
46. Pubellier M., Monnier C., Maury R., and Tamayo R. Plate kinematics, origin and tectonic emplacement of supra-subduction ophiolites in SE Asia. Tectonophysics 392 (2004) 9-36
47. Qi, X.X., 2003. Large size ductile strike-slip shearing and the formation of Qilian Caledonian Orogen. Ph.D Thesis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, p. 119.
48. Qiu J., Zeng G., Zhu Y., and Su S. Characteristics and latitudinal comparative research on the early Paleozoic volcanic rocks of a rifted orogenic belt and small ocean basin ophiolite suite from northern Qinling Mountains and southern Qilian Mountains. Geological Journal of China Universities 4 (1998) 393-405
49. Schwab M., Ratschbacher L., Siebel W., McWilliams M., Minaev V., Lutkov V., Chen F., Stanek K., Nelson B., Frisch W., and Wooden J.L. Assembly of the Pamirs: age and origin of magmatic belts from the southern Tien Shan to the southern Pamirs and their relation to Tibet. Tectonics 23 (2004) TC4002 10.1029/2003TC001583
50. Şengör A.M.C. East Asia tectonic collage. Nature 318 (1987) 16-17
51. Şengör A.M.C., and Okurogullari A.H. The role of accretionary wedges in the growth of continents: Asiatic examples from Argand to Plate Tectonics. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 84 (1991) 535-597
52. Şengör A.M.C., Natal'in B.A., and Burtman U.S. Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Paleozoic crustal growth in Eurasia. Nature 364 (1993) 209-304
53. Şengör A.M.C., and Natal'in B. Paleotectonics of Asia: fragments of a synthesis. In: Yin A., and Harrison M. (Eds). The Tectonic Evolution of Asia (1996), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 486-640
54. Şengör A.M.C., and Natal'in B. Turkic-type orogeny and its role in the making of the continental crust. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences 24 (1996) 263-337
55. Shi R., Yang J., Wu C., Iizuka T., and Hirata T. Island arc volcanic rocks in the north Qaidam UHP belt, northern Tibet Plateau: evidence for ocean-continent subduction preceding continent-continent subduction. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 28 (2006) 151-159
56. Shi R.D., Yang J.S., Wu C.L., Tsuyoshi I., and Takakumi H. Island arc volcanic Rocks in the North Qaidam UHP metamorphic Belt. Acta Geologica Sinica 78 (2004) 52-64
57. Smith, A.D., Lian, F.R., Chung, C.H., Yang, H.Y., 1997. Isotopic evidence from metasediments in the Qilian fold belt for a North China - Antarctica connection in the early Paleozoic. In: Lo, C.H., Chung, S.L. (Eds.), Lithosphere Evolution of Southeast China, Journal of the Geological Society of China. Geological Society of China, Taipei, pp. 481-497.
58. Smith A.D., Wen D.J., Huang L.Y., and Wang C.S. Constraints from gneisses in the Qilian fold belt for the position of the North China Block in the Proterozoic. In: Yang H.Y. (Ed). Magmatism, Metamorphism and Structural geology of the Qilian Fold Belt, NW China (2000), The Geological Society of China and the Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei
59. Smith A.D., and Yang H.-Y. The neodymium isotopic and geochemical composition of serpentinites from ophiolitic assemblages in the Qilian fold belt, northwest China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 28 (2006) 119-132
60. Smith A.D. The geochemistry and age of ophiolitic strata of the Xinglongshan Group: Implications for the amalgamation of the Central Qilian belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 28 (2006) 133-142
61. Sobel E., and Arnaud N. A possible middle Paleozoic suture in the Altyn Tagh, NW China. Tectonics 18 (1999) 64-74
62. 39Ar and apatite fission track thermochronology. In: Hendrix M.S., and Davis G.A. (Eds). Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution of central Asia; from continental assembly to intracontinental deformation (2001), Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States. 2001
63. Song S. Metamorphic geology of blueschists, eclogites and ophiolites in the North Qilian Mountains. In: Hou H., and Liu L. (Eds). Field Trip Guide. Regional Geology, Structural Geology, Geotectonics and Metamorphic Belts vol. 5 (1996), Geological Publishing House, Beijing, China T392.1-T392.40
64. Song S. Tectonic evolution of subductive complex belts in the northern Qilian Mountains. Advance in Earth Science 12 4 (1997) 351-365
65. Song S.G., Yang J.S., Xu Z.Q., Liou J.G., and Shi R.D. Metamorphic evolution of the coesite-bearing ultrahigh-pressure terrane in the North Qaidam, northern Tibet, NW China. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 21 (2003) 631-644
66. Song S.G., Yang J.S., Liou J.G., Wu C.L., Shi R.D., and Xu Z.Q. Petrology, geochemistry and isotopic ages of eclogites in the Dulan UHPM terrane, the North Qaidam, NW China. Lithos 70 (2003) 195-211
67. Song S.G., Zhang L.F., Niu Y.L., Song B., Zhang G.B., and Wang Q.J. Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP ages of eclogites from the North Qilian Mountains in NW China and their tectonic implication. Chinese Science Bulletin 49 (2004) 848-852
68. Song S.G., Zhang L.F., Niu Y., Su L., Song B., and Liu D.Y. Evolution from oceanic subduction to continental collision: a case study of the northern Tibetan Plateau inferred from geochemical and geochronological data. Journal of Petrology 47 (2006) 435-455
69. Song S.G., Zhang L.F., Niu Y., Wei C.J., Liou J.G., and Shu G.M. Eclogite and carpholite-bearing metasedimentary rocks in the North Qilian suture zone, NW China: implications for early Palaeozoic cold oceanic subduction and water transport into mantle. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 25 (2007) 547-563 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2007.00713.x.
70. Spurlin M.S., Yin A., Horton B.K., Zhou J., and Wang J. Structural evolution of the Yushu-Nangqian region and its relationship to syncollisional igneous activity, east-central Tibet. Geological Society of America Bulletin 117 (2005) 1293-1317 10.1130/B25572.1
71. Tagami T., and Hasebe N. Cordilleran-type orogeny and episodic growth of continents: Insights from the circum-Pacific continental margins. Island Arc 8 (1999) 206-217
72. Tapponnier P., Meyer B., Avouac J.P., Peltzer G., Gaudemer Y., Guo S., Xiang H., Yin K., Chen Z., Cai S., and Dai H. Active thrusting and folding in the Qilian Shan, and decoupling between upper crust and mantle in northeastern Tibet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 97 (1990) 382-403
73. Tapponnier P., Xu Z., Roger F., Meyer B., Arnaud N., Wittlinger G., and Yang J. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau. Science 294 (2001) 1671-1677
74. Wang C.Y., Zhang Q., Qian Q., and Zhou M.-F. Geochemistry of the early Paleozoic Baiyin volcanic rocks (NW China): implications for the tectonic evolution of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt. Journal of Geology 113 (2005) 83-94
75. Wang Q., and Liu X. Ancient oceanic crust of the Qilian Mountains, western China, and its tectonic significance. Scientia Geologica Sinica 11 (1976) 42-55
76. Windley B.F. Uniformitarianism today: plate tectonics is the key to the past. Journal of Geological Society of London 150 (1993) 7-19
77. Windley B.F. The Evolving Continents (1995), Wiley, Chichester p. 526
78. Wu C., Yang J., Li H., and Shi R. Petrogenesis of the granitoids from Lenghu, northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, NW China. Journal of the Geological Society of China 43 (2000) 107-124
79. Wu C., Yang J., Ireland T., Wooden J., Li H., Wan Y., and Shi R. Zircon SHRIMP ages of Aolaoshan Granite from the south margin of the Qilian Mountains, China and its geological significance. Acta Petrologica Sinica 17 2 (2001) 215-221
80. Wu C., Yang J., Wooden J., Liou J.G., Li H., Shi R., Meng F., Persing H., and Meibom A. Zircon SHRIMP dating of granite from Qaidamshan, NW China. Chinese Science Bulletin 47 5 (2002) 418-422
81. Wu F.Y., Yang J.H., Lo C.H., Wilde S.A., Sun D.Y., and Jahn B.M. The Heilongjiang group: a Jurassic accretionary complex in the Jiamusi Massif at the western Pacific margin of northeastern China. Island Arc 16 (2007) 156-172
82. Wu H., Feng Y., and Song S. Metamorphism and deformation of blueschist belts and their tectonic implications, North Qilian Mountains, China. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 11 (1993) 523-536
83. Xia L.Q., Xia Z.C., and Xu X.Y. Magmagenesis in the Ordovician backarc basins of the northern Qilian Mountains, China. Geological Society of America Bulletin 115 (2003) 1510-1522
84. Xiao W.J., Li J.L., Hou Q.L., Zhang G.C., and Chen H.L. Structural style of the southeastern West Kunlun and its implications for growing arc orogenesis. Acta Geophysica Sinica 41 Suppl. (1998) 133-141
85. Xiao W.J., Windley B.F., Hao J., and Li J.L. Arc-ophiolite obduction in the Western Kunlun Range (China): implications for the Palaeozoic evolution of central Asia. Journal of the Geological Society, London 159 (2002) 517-528
86. Xiao W.J., Windley B.F., Chen H.L., Zhang G.C., and Li J.L. Carboniferous-Triassic subduction and accretion in the western Kunlun, China: implications for the collisional and accretionary tectonics of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Geology 30 (2002) 295-298
87. Xiao W.J., Han F.L., Windley B.F., Yuan C., Zhou H., and Li J.L. Multiple accretionary orogenesis and episodic growth of continents: insights from the Western Kunlun Range, central Asia. International Geology Review 45 (2003) 303-328
88. Xiao W.J., Windley B.F., Hao J., and Zhai M.G. Accretion leading to collision and the Permian Solonker suture, Inner Mongolia, China: termination of the Central Asian orogenic belt. Tectonics 22 (2003) 1069 10.1029/2002TC1484
89. Xiao W.J., Windley B.F., Badarch G., Sun S., Li J.L., Qin K.Z., and Wang Z.H. Palaeozoic accretionary and convergent tectonics of the southern Altaids: implications for the lateral growth of Central Asia. Journal of the Geological Society, London 161 (2004) 339-342
90. Xiao W.J., Zhang L.C., Qin K.Z., Sun S., and Li J.L. Paleozoic accretionary and collisional tectonics of the Eastern Tianshan (China): implications for the continental growth of central Asia. American Journal of Science 304 (2004) 370-395
91. Xiao W.J., Windley B.F., Liu D.Y., Jian P., and Liu C.Z. Paleozoic accretionary tectonics of the Western Kunlun Range, China: new SHRIMP zircon ages from the Kudi ophiolite and associated granites, and implications for the crustal growth of Central Asia. Journal of Geology 113 (2005) 687-705
92. Xiao W.J., Han C.M., Yuan C., Chen H.L., Sun M., Lin S.F., Li Z.L., Mao Q.G., Zhang J.E., Sun S., and Li J.L. The unique Carboniferous-Permian tectonic-metallogenic framework of northern Xinjiang (NW China): constraints for the tectonics of the southern Paleoasian Domain. Acta Petrologica Sinica 22 (2006) 1362-1376
93. Xiao, W.J., Windley, B.F., Yuan, C., Sun, M., Han, C.M., Lin, S.F., Chen, H.L., Yan, Q.R., Liu, D.Y., Qin, K.Z., Li, J.L., Sun, S., in press. Paleozoic multiple subduction-accretion processes of the southern Altaids. American Journal of Science.
94. Xiao W.J., Pirajno F., and Seltmann R. Geodynamics and metallogeny of the Altaid orogen. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 32 (2008) 77-81 10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.10.003
95. Xiao W.J., Han C.M., Yuan C., Sun M., Lin S.F., Chen H.L., Li Z.L., Li J.L., and Sun S. Middle Cambrian to Permian subduction-related accretionary orogenesis of North Xinjiang, NW China: implications for the tectonic evolution of Central Asia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 32 (2008) 102-117 10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.10.008
96. Xiao X., Chen G., and Zhu Z. Some views on the ancient plate tectonics of the Qilian Mountain. Geological Science and Technology 3 (1974) 73-78
97. Xiao X., Chen G., and Zhu Z. A preliminary study on the tectonics of ancient ophiolites in the Qilian Mountain, Northwest China. Acta Geologica Sinica 52 4 (1978) 281-295
98. Xu Z.Q., Xu H.F., Zhang J.X., Li H.B., Zhu Z.Z., Qu J.C., Chen D.Z., Chen J.L., and Yang K.C. The Zoulang Nanshan Caledonian subduction complex in the northern Qilian Mountains and its dynamics. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 7 (1994) 225-241
99. Xu Z.Q., Zhang J.X., Xu H.F., Wang Z.X., and Li H.B. Ductile shear zones in the main continental mountain chains of China and their dynamics. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, China (1997) 294
100. Xu, Z.Q., Jiang, M., Zhao, G.G., Cui, J.W., Li, H.B., Lu, Q.T., Xue, G.Q., 1999. Mantle diapir and inward intracontinental subduction: a discussion on the mechanism of uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In: Macfarlane, A., Sorkhabi, R.B., Quade, J. (Eds.), Himalaya and Tibet; mountain roots to mountain tops. Special Paper - Geological Society of America. Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States, pp. 19-31.
101. Xu Z.Q., Zhang J.X., and Li H.B. Architecture and orogeny of the northern Qilian orogenic belt, northwestern China. Journal of the Geological Society of China 43 (2000) 125-141
102. Xu Z.Q., Yang J.S., Wu C.L., Li H.B., Zhang J.X., Qi X.X., Song S.G., and Qiu H.J. Timing and mechanism of formation and exhumation of the northern Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 28 (2006) 160-173
103. Yan Z., Xiao W.J., Wang Z.Q., and Li J.L. Integrated analyses constraining the provenance of sandstones, mudstones and conglomerates, a case study: the Laojunshan conglomerate, Qilian orogen, northwest China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44 (2007) 961-986
104. Yang J.-J., and Powell R. Ultrahigh-pressure garnet peridotites from the devolatilization of sea-floor hydrated ultramafic rocks. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 26 (2008) 695-716 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2008.00780
105. Yang J.S., Xu Z.Q., and Li H.B. Discovery of eclogite at the northern margin of Qaidam basin, NW China. Chinese Science Bulletin 43 (1998) 1755-1760 (in Chinese)
106. Yang J.S., Xu Z.Q., Li H.B., Wu C.L., Zhang J.X., and Shi R.D. A Caledonian convergent border along the southern margin of the Qilian Terrane, NW China; evidence from eclogite, garnet-peridotite, ophiolite, and S-type granite. Journal of the Geological Society of China 43 (2000) 142-160
107. Yang J.S., Xu Z.Q., Zhang J.X., Chu C.Y., Zhang R.Y., and Liou J.G. Tectonic significance of early Paleozoic high-pressure rocks in Altun-Qaidam-Qilian Mountains, Northwest China. In: Hendrix M.S., and Davis G.A. (Eds). Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution of central Asia: from continental assembly to intracontinental deformation (2001), Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States 151-170
108. Yang J.S., Xu Z.Q., and Song S.G. Discovery of coesite in the North Qaidam early Paleozoic ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, NW China. Acta Geologica Sinica 75 (2001) 175-179 (in Chinese)
109. Yang J.S., Xu Z.Q., Zhang J.X., Song S.G., Shi R.D., Wu C.L., Li H.B., and Brunel M. Early Paleozoic North Qaidam UHP metamorphic belt on the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau and a paired subduction model. Terra Nova 14 (2002) 397-404
110. Yang J.S., Wu C.L., Zhang J.X., Shi R.D., Meng F.C., Wooden J., and Yang H.-Y. Protolith of eclogites in the north Qaidam and Altun UHP terrane, NW China: Earlier oceanic crust?. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 28 (2006) 185-204
111. Yang Z.Y. Extrusion of the Altyn Tagh wedge: a kinematic model for the Altyn Tagh Fault and palinspastic reconstruction of northern China: discussion and reply. Geology 25 (1997) 475-476
112. Yin A., and Nie S. A Phanerozoic palinspastic reconstruction of China and its neighboring regions. In: Yin A., and Harrison T.M. (Eds). The Tectonic Evolution of Asia (1996), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 442-485
113. Yin A., and Harrison T.M. Geological evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences 28 (2000) 211-280
114. Yin A., Gehrels G.E., Manning C.E., and Menold C. Tectonic erosion, diapiric flow, and emplacement of UHP rocks during oceanic subduction; origin of the North Qaidam UHP gneisses. In: Anonymous (Ed). Geological Society of America, 2001 Annual Meeting (2001), Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States 207
115. Yin A., Dang Y.-Q., Zhang M., Chen X.-H., and McRivette M.W. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Qaidam basin and its surrounding regions (part 3): structural geology, sedimentation, and regional tectonic reconstruction. Geological Society of America Bulletin 120 (2008) 847-876 10.1130/B26232.1
116. Yuan C., Sun M., Zhou M.-F., Zhou H., Xiao W.-J., and Li J.-L. Absence of the Archean basement for the South Kunlun Block: Nd-Sr-O isotopic evidence from granitoids. Island Arc 12 (2002) 13-21
117. Yuan C., Sun M., Zhou M.-F., Zhou H., Xiao W.-J., and Li J.-L. Tectonic evolution of the West Kunlun: geochronological and geochemical constraints from Kudi granitoids. International Geology Review 44 (2003) 653-669
118. Yue Y., and Liou J.G. Two-stage evolution model for the Altyn Tagh fault, China. Geology 27 (1999) 227-230
119. Yue, Y., Liou, J.G., Graham, S.A., 2001. Tectonic correlation of Beishan and Inner Mongolia orogens and its implications for the palinspastic reconstruction of north China. In: Hendrix, M.S., Davis, G.A. (Eds.), Paleozoic and Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of Central and Eastern Asia: From Continental Assembly to Intracontinental Deformation. Geological Society of America Memoir 194, pp. 101-116.
120. Yue Y.J., Ritts B.D., Graham S.A., Wooden J.L., Gehrels G.E., and Zhang Z.C. Slowing extrusion tectonics: lowered estimate of post-Early Miocene slip rate for the Altyn Tagh fault. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 217 (2003) 111-122
121. Yue Y.J., Ritts B.D., Hanson A.D., and Graham S.A. Sedimentary evidence against large strike-slip translation on the northern Altyn Tagh fault, NW China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 228 (2004) 311-323
122. Yumul G.P., Dimalanta C.B., Tamayo R.A., and Maury R.C. Collision, subduction and accretion events in the Philippines: a synthesis. Island Arc 12 2 (2003) 77-91
123. Zhang J., Xu Z., Chen W., and Xu H. A tentative discussion on the ages of the subduction-accretionary complex/volcanic arcs in the middle sector of North Qilian Mountain. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 16 2 (1997) 112-119
124. Zhang J.X., and Xu Z.Q. Caledonian subduction-accretionary complex/volcanic arc zone and its deformation features in the middle sector of the northern Qilian Mountains. Acta Geoscientia Sinica 2 (1995) 153-163 (in Chinese with English abstract)
125. Zhang J.X., Xu Z.Q., and Li H.B. Division of tectonic units of the eastern sector of the northern Qilian orogenic belt and its ductile deformation. Geological Journal of Universities 2 (1996) 147-154 (in Chinese with English abstract)
126. Zhang J.X., Xu Z.Q., Li H.B., and Xu H.F. The transition of orogenic mechanism from compression to extension in northern Qilian orogenic belt. Journal of Changchun College of Geology 27 3 (1997) 277-283 (in Chinese with English abstract)
127. Zhang J.X., Xu Z.Q., Xu H.F., and Li H.B. Framework of the North Qilian Caledonian subduction-accretionary wedge and its deformation dynamics. Scientia Geologica Sinica 33 (1998) 291-299 (in Chinese with English abstract)
128. Zhang J.X., Yang J.S., Meng F.C., Wan Y.S., Li H.M., and Wu C.L. U-Pb isotopic studies of eclogites and their host gneisses in the Xitieshan area of the North Qaidam mountains, western China: new evidence for an early Palaeozoic HP-UHP metamorphic belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 28 (2006) 143-150
129. Zhang Q., Sun X.M., Zhou D.J., Qian Q., Chen Y., Wang Y.M., Jia X.Q., and Han S. The characteristics of northern Qilian ophiolites, formation settings and their tectonic significance. Advance in Earth Science 12 4 (1997) 366-393 (in Chinese with English abstract)
130. Zhang Q., Guo Y.S., Wang Y., Qian Q., Zhou D., Chen Y., Jia X., and Han S. The diversity of mafic-ultramafic rocks in the Qilian Mountains. Advance in Earth Science 12 4 (1997) 324-330 (in Chinese with English abstract)
131. Zhang R.L., Zhao J.T., and Shen S.N. Characteristics of sedimentary formation in the Ordovician island-arc area from Shihuigou in Yongdeng, Gansu. Northwest Geoscience 16 (1995) 121-133 (in Chinese with English abstract)
132. Zhao H., Dang B., and Wang C.L. The geochemical characteristics of Ordovician volcanic rocks in the southern Danghe Mountain in the southern Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province. Geoscience 18 (2004) 64-69
133. Zhou D., and Graham S. Extrusion of the Altyn Tagh wedge: a kinematic model for the Altyn Tagh Fault and palinspastic reconstruction of northern China. Geology 24 (1996) 427-430
134. Zuo G., and Wu H. An early Paleozoic bisubduction-collision orogenic model in the middle part of northern Qilian. Advance in Earth Science 12 4 (1997) 315-323
135. Zuo G., Zhang Z., Mao J., Wu M., Yang J., Wang Z., and Zhang Z. The age of ophiolite and tectonic framework of the western section of the North Qilian Mountains, northwest China. Journal of the Geological Society of China 43 (2000) 43-51