APEC promises a roar and delivers a whimper: The Sydney declaration on climate and energy

Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law

Volumn 11, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 29-49

  Lawrence, Peter ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^b IUCN Energy Law   (Australia)

Author keywords

APP; Asia pacific partnerships; Climate change; Sydney declaration on climate and energy; Technology transfer

Indexed keywords

FOSSIL FUEL;

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL; AUSTRALIA; CLIMATE CHANGE; CONFERENCE PAPER; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; ENERGY RESOURCE; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; FOREST MANAGEMENT; GLOBAL CLIMATE; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; GREENHOUSE GAS; INDUSTRIALIZATION; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MEDICAL ETHICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STANDARDIZATION; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; TAX;

EID: 63149143893     PISSN: 13852140     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (98)

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3. Weaver is one of the authors of the IPCC physical science assessment reports. See also IPCC Working Group 3 report Mitigation of Climate Change (2007) ch 13 at 748 which refers to a 10-40 per cent reduction in emissions by 2020 below 1990 levels and a 40-95 per cent reduction by 2050 as against 1990 levels, required in order to limit temperature increases to 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels.
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9. Ibid, at 4.
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11. See, for example, Guy Pearse (4 December 2007).
12. See the article in this volume by A. McIntosh who argues that both the Howard Government's climate policy and that of the Bush Administration have been characterised by "voluntarism and R&D aimed at technologies that reinforce the existing economic status quo" policies that have failed to restrain growth in both Australian and United States emissions and which have also contributed to "the slovenly pace of international negotiations on a comprehensive post-2012 climate regime."
13. Ibid.
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15. This section draws heavily on P. Lawrence "The Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (AP6): A Distraction to the Kyoto Process or a Viable Alternative?" (2007) 10 (3&4) Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 183-209.
16. The AP6 Charter and other basic documents relating to the partnership are available (29 November 2007).
17. Ibid.
18. Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, Media Release (27 April, 2008).
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20. Ibid, third preambular para.
21. Ibid, para 2.1.1.
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37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40. (2007) 12 (339) Earth Negotiations Bulletin at 2.
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43. "APEC has 21 members - referred to as "Member Economies" - which account for approximately 41 per cent of the world's population, approximately 56 per cent of world GDP and about 49 per cent of world trade. APEC's 21 Member Economies are Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; People's Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Korea; Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; The Republic of the Philippines; The Russian Federation; Singapore; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; United States of America; Viet Nam" (2 December 2007).
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49. This is not to deny that some APEC Working Groups have an environmental focus, for example, the Marine Resources and Conservation Working Group (24 January 2008)
50. and the Fisheries Working Group (24 January 2008).
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56. Ibid, at 22.
57. Ibid, at Preface-8.
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60. Ibid, at 2.
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63. Ibid, at x.
64. Ibid, at xi.
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69. Ibid.
70. Ibid, at 3-4.
71. Ibid, at 4.
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81. See more extensive discussion in P. Lawrence "The Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (AP6): A Distraction to the Kyoto Process or a Viable Alternative?" (2008) 11 Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law.
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83. Ibid, at 1696.
84. Australian Business Council for Sustainable Development ABN AMRO Bank N.V., Pacific Hydro and Phillips Fox, Show me the Money, May 2006 at 22.
85. (24 Jan 2008).
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88. Former White House economist Lawrence Lindsey estimated in January 2008 that the war in Iraq had cumulatively cost the US $500 billion over the previous five years or about US$100 billion per year. See L B. Lindsey "What the Iraq War Will Cost the US?" 11 January 2008 Fortune (17 Jan 2008).
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91. UNFCCC decision adopted Bali, December 2007, CP.13 Developnwnt and Transfer of Technologies Under the Subsidiary body for Scientific and Technological Advice Advance unedited version (14 Jan 2008) para 10 at 3.
92. Ibid para 3 at 2.
93. ee (24 Jan 2008).
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95. Ibid, at 8.
96. Ibid, at 16.
97. M. Grubb "Kyoto and the Future of International Climate Change Responses: From here to where?" (2004) Vol 15 No 1 International Review for Environmental Strategies 1-24 at 18.
98. D. Bodansky International Sectoral Agreements in a Post-2012 Climate Framework Working Paper, Pew Centre on Global Climate Change, May 2007.