Relative risk, absolute risk and number needed to treat: Basic concepts;Risco relativo, Risco absoluto e número necessário tratar: Conceitos básicos

Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 83-87

  Carneiro, António Vaz ^a  

^a INSTITUTO DE MEDICINA MOLECULAR   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Absolute risk reduction; Clinical trials; Evidence based medicine; Measures of association; Number needed to treal; Relative risk reduction

Indexed keywords

ABSOLUTE RISK REDUCTION; ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTINGENCY TABLE; CONTROL GROUP; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECISION MAKING; HUMAN; NUMBER NEEDED TO TREAT; RELATIVE RISK REDUCTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION;

CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; HUMANS; RISK; SAMPLE SIZE;

EID: 63149130750     PISSN: 08702551     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Carneiro AV. Medidas de associação era ensaios clínicos: definição e interpretação. Rev Port Cardiol 2003;22:1393-1401.
2. Barratt A, Wyer PC, Hatala R et al. Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 1. Relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat. CMAJ 2004;171:353-358.
3. User's Guides to the Medical Literature. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008.
4. Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. 3rd ed. London: BMJ Books; 2006.
5. Gehlbach SH. Interpreting the medical literature. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002.
6. Simon SD. Statistical evidence in medical trials. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.
7. Moore A, McQuay H. Bandoher's Little Book of Making Sense of the Medical Evidence. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.
8. Straus SE, Richardson WS, Glasziou P, Haynes RB. Evidence-based Medicine. How to practice and teach EBM. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2005.
9. Haynes RB, Sackett DL, Guyatt GH, Tugwell P. Cunical epidemiology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
10. Bland M. An introduction to medical statistics. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000.
11. Bland M, Peacock J. Statistical questions in evidence-based medicine. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000.
12. Advances in clinical trial biostatistics. 1st ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 2004.
13. Matthews INS. Introduction to randomized controlled trials. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 2006.
14. Elwood M. Critical appraisal of epidemiological studies and chnical trials. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007.
15. Mayer D. Essential evidence-based medicine. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2004.
16. CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999;353:9-13.
17. McAlister FA, McAlister FA. The "number needed to treat" turns 20 - and continues to be used and misused. CMAJ 2008;179:549-553.
18. Aaron SD, Fergusson D. Exaggeration of treatment benefits using the "event-based" number needed to treat. CMAJ 2008;179:669-671.
19. Forrow L, Taylor WC, Arnold RM. Absolutely relative: how research results are summarized can affect treatment decisions. Am J Med 1992;92:121-124.
20. Naylor CD, Chen E, Strauss B. Measured enthusiasm: does the method of reporting trial results alter perceptions of therapeutic effectiveness? Ann Int Med 1992;117:916-921.