Anti-inflammatory activity of silymarin in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A comparative study with piroxicam and meloxicam

Saudi Medical Journal

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 98-103

  Hussain, Saad A ^a   Jassim, Nizar A ^a   Numan, Intesar T ^a   Al Khalifa, Ihab I ^a   Abdullah, Talal A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD   (Iraq)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 1ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 8; MELOXICAM; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PIROXICAM; SILYMARIN;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; HUMAN; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ADULT; AGED; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; FEMALE; HUMANS; KNEE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PIROXICAM; SILYMARIN; THIAZINES; THIAZOLES;

EID: 62849085139     PISSN: 03795284     EISSN: 16583175     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Word PA. Inflammation. in. Rubin E, Farber JL, editors. 2nd ed. Pathology. Philadelphia (PA), Lippincott Co.; 1994. p, 33-66.
2. Lewis RA, Austen KF, Soberman RJ. Leukotrienes and other products of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Biochemistry and relation to pathobiology in human diseases. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 645-655.
3. Diamant Z, Sampson AP. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of leukotriene modulators. Clin Exp Allergy 1999; 29: 1449-1453.
4. Wolfe MM, Lichtenstein DR, Singh G. Gastrointestinal toxicity of NSAIDs. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1888-1899.
5. de Vries BJ, van den Berg WB, Vitters E, van de Futte LB. The influence of antirheumatic drugs on basal and accelerated breakdown of articular proteoglycans. Agents Actions 1988; 23; 52-54.
6. Chopra A. Lavin F, Patwandhan B, Chirre D. Randomized double blind trial of an ayurvedic plant derived formulation for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000; 27: 1365-1372.
7. Long L, Soeken K, Ernst E. Herbal medicines for the treatment of osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40: 779-793.
8. Beehwith J. Herbal medications and neutraceutical used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. In: Miller LG, Murray WJ, editors. Herbal medicinals. New York (NY): Haworth Press; 1999. p. 95-104.
9. Jobin C. Bradham CA, Russo MP, Juma B, Narula A5, Brenner DA. et al. Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated NF-kappa B activation and proinflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor 1-kappa B kinase activity. J Immunol 1999; 163: 3474-3483.
10. Middleton E Jr, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2000; 52: 673-751.
11. Kim HP, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS. Anti-inflammatory plant flavonoids and cellular action mechanism. J Pharmacol Sci 2004; 96: 229-245.
12. Chang DM, Chang WY, Kuo SY, Chang ML. The effects of traditional anti-rheumatic herbal medicines on immune response cells. J Rheumatol 1997; 24: 436-441.
13. Fantozzi R, Brunellesch S, Rubino A, Tarli S, Masini E, Mannaioni PF. FMLP-activated neutrophils evoke histamine release from mast cells. Agents Actions 1986: 18: 155-158.
14. De La Puerra R, Martinez E, Bravo L, Ahumada MC. Effect of silymarin on differentn acute inflammation models and on leukocyte migration.J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48: 968-970.
15. Pietrangelo A, Borella F, Casalgrandi G, Montosi G, Ceccarelli D, Gallesi D, et al. Antioxidant activity of silybin in vivo during long-term iron overload in rats. Gastroenterology 1995; 109: 1941-1949.
16. Dehmlow C, Murawski N. deGroot H. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by silybinin in human cells. Life Sci 1996; 58: 1591-1600.
17. Didierjean L, Salomon D, Mérot Y, Siegenthaler G, Shaw A, Dayer JM, et al, Localization and characterization of the interleukin-1 immunoreactive pool (IL-1 alpha and beta forms) in normal human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 1989; 92: 809- 816.
18. Ko Y, Mukaida N, Panyutich A, Voitenok NN, Matsushima K, Kiwai T. et al. A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human IL-8. J Immunol Methods 1992; 149: 227-235.
19. Kyle RA. Classification and diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies. In: Rose NR, Friedman H, Fahey JL, editors. Manual of clinical laboratory immunology. 3rd ed. Washington (DC): American Society of Microbiology: 1986. p. 152.
20. Sharma P, Singh N, Singh V, Shrivastava A. Bio-immunology of osteoarthritis. J Immunopathol 2002; 4: 20-28.
21. Müller-Fassbender H, Bach GL, Haase W, Rovati LC, Setnikar I. Glucosamine sulfate compared to ibuprofen in osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1994; 2: 61-69.
22. Lyons-Giordano B, Pratta MA, Galbraith W, Davis GL, Arner EC. Interleukin-1 differentially modulates chondrocyte expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and phospholipase A2. Exp Cell Res 1993; 206: 58-62.
23. Yu CL, Sun KH, Shei SC, Tsai CY, Tsai ST, Wang JC, et al. Interleukin-8 modulates interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from normal human mononuclear cells. Immunopharmacology 1994; 27: 207-214.
24. Deleuran B, Lemche P, Kristensen MS, Chu CQ, Field M, Jensen J, et al. Localization of interleukin-8 in the synovial membrane cartilage-pannus junction and chondrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1994; 23: 2-7.
25. Schroder JM. The monocyte-derived neutrophil activating peptide (NAP/ interleukin-8) stimulates human neutrophil arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase, but not the release of cellular arachidonate. J Exp Med 1989; 170: 847-863.
26. Kang JS, Jeon YJ, Park SK, Yang KH, Kim HM. Protection against lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis and inhibition of interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by silymarin. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 67: 175-181.
27. Tries S, Neupert W, Laufer S. The mechanism of action of the new anti-inflammatory compound ML 3000, inhibition of 5-LOX and COX 1/2. Inflamm Res 2002; 51: 135-143.
28. Paredes Y, Massicotte F, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Laufer S, Lajeunesse D. Study of the role of leukotriene B()4 in abnormal function of human subchondral osteoarthritis osteoblasts: Effects of cyclooxygenase and/or 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 1804-1812.
29. Rainsford KD, Ying C, Smith F. Effects of lipoxygenase inhibition on interleukin production by human synovial tissues in organ culture comparison with interleukin-1 synthesis inhibitor. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48: 46-52.
30. He W, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Laufer S, Di Battista JA. Synthesis of interleukin 1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) is eicosanoid dependent in human osteoarthritis synovial membrane explants: Interactions with antiinflammatory cytokines. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 546-553.
31. Gupta OP, Sing S, Bani S, Sharma N, Malhotra S, Gupta BD, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of silymarin airing through inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. Phytomedicine 2000; 7: 21-24.
32. Furst DE. Meloxicam: Selective COX-2 inhibition in clinical practice. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1997; 26: 21-27.
33. Takahashi K, Morikawa A, Kato Y, Sugiyama T, Koide N, Mu MM. Flavonoids protect mice from two types of lethal shock induced ny endotoxin. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2001; 31: 29-33.
34. Ueda H, Yamazaki C, Yamazaki M. A hydroxyl group of flavonoids affects oral anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of systemic tumor necrosis factor-α production. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2004; 68: 119-125.
35. Panthong A, Kanjanapothi D, Tuntiwachwuttikul P, Pancharoen O, Reutrakul V. Anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids. Phytomedicine 1994; 1: 141-144.
36. Pelzer LE, Guardia T, Osvaldo Juarez A, Guerreiro E. Acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effects of plants flavonoids. Farmaco 1998; 53: 421-424.
37. Morikawa K, Nonaka M, Narahara M, Torii I, Kawaguchi K, Yoshikawa T. Inhibitory effect of qunercetin on carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. Life Sci 2003; 74: 709-721.