Using computational fluid dynamics as a tool for hydrogen safety studies

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 295-302

  Middha, Prankul ^a   Hansen, Olav R ^a  

^a GEXCON AS   (Norway)

Author keywords

CFD; Gas explosions; Hydrogen safety; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

CODES (STANDARDS); COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; EXPLOSIVES; FLUID DYNAMICS; GAS INDUSTRY; GASES; HAND TOOLS; HYDROGEN; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES;

BLIND PREDICTIONS; CFD; CODES AND STANDARDS; FLAMMABILITY LIMITS; GAS CLOUDS; GAS EXPLOSIONS; HYDROGEN SAFETY; PREDICTION CAPABILITIES; QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENTS; SIMPLIFIED TOOLS;

EXPLOSIONS;

EID: 62749154278     PISSN: 09504230     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2008.10.006     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Abdel-Gayed R.G., Bradley D., and Lawes M. Turbulent burning velocities: a general correlation in terms of straining rates. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A 414 (1987) 389-413
2. Arntzen, B.A. (1998). Modelling of Turbulence and Combustion for Simulation of Gas Explosions in Complex Geometries. PhD thesis, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, ISBN: 82-471-0358-3.
3. Becker T., and Ebert F. Vergleich zwischen experiment und theorie der explosion grober, freier gaswolken. Chemie Ingenieur Technik 57 (1985) 42-45
4. Bjerketvedt D., Bakke J.R., and van Wingerden C.J.M. Gas explosion handbook. Journal of Hazardous Materials 52 1 (1997) 1-150
5. Bray K.N.C. Studies of the turbulent burning velocity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A 431 (1990) 315-335
6. Breitung W., Dorofeev S., Kotchourko A., Redlinger R., Scholtyssek W., Bentaib A., et al. Integral large scale experiments on hydrogen combustion for severe accident code validation-HYCOM. Nuclear Engineering and Design 235 (2005) 253-270
7. Gallego, E., Migoya, E., Martín-Valdepeñas, J.M., Crespo, A., García, J., Venetsanos, A., et-al., (2005). An intercomparison exercise on the capabilities of CFD models to predict deflagration of a large-scale H2-air mixture in open atmosphere. In: Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, Pisa, Italy.
8. Groethe, M., Colton, J., & Chiba, S. (2002). Hydrogen deflagration safety studies in a confined tube. In: Proceedings of the 14th World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
9. Hansen, O.R. & Middha, P. (2008). CFD-based risk assessment for hydrogen applications. Process Safety Progress, 27(1), 29--34.
10. Hansen, O.R. & Middha, P. (2007). CFD simulation study to investigate the risk from hydrogen vehicles in tunnels. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, San Sebastian, Spain.
11. Hansen, O.R., Renoult, J., Sherman, M.P., & Tieszen, S.R. (2005). Validation of FLACS-Hydrogen CFD consequence prediction model against large scale H2 explosion experiments in the FLAME facility. In: Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, Pisa, Italy.
12. Hansen, O.R., Storvik, I., & van Wingerden, K. (1999). Validation of CFD-models for gas explosions, where FLACS is used as example; model description and experiences and recommendations for model evaluation. In: Proceedings European Meeting on Chemical Industry and Environment III, Krakow, Poland, pp. 365-382.
13. Harlow F.H., and Nakayama P.I. Turbulence transport equations. Physics of Fluids 10 (1967) 2323-2332
14. Herrmann, D. (2007). Why use CFD for explosion studies? In: Proceedings of the 41st Annual Loss Prevention Symposium, Houston, TX.
15. Hjertager B.H. Computer simulation of turbulent reactive gas dynamics. International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 5 (1985) 211-236
16. Hjertager B.H. Three-dimensional modeling of flow, heat transfer, and combustion. Handbook of heat and mass transfer (1986), Gulf Publishing Company, P.O. Box 2608, Houston, TX 770011 (Chapter 41) pp. 304-350
17. Hjertager B.H., Bjørkhaug M., and Fuhre K. Gas explosion experiments in 1:33 scale and 1:5 scale; offshore separator and compressor modules using stoichiometric homogeneous fuel-air clouds. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 1 (1988) 197-205
18. 3 vented vessel. Journal of Hazardous Materials 19 (1988) 139-153
19. Holen J. Comparison of five corresponding explosion risk studies performed by five different consultants (2001), ERA Conference, London, UK
20. International Standardization Organization (ISO), ISO TR 15916(E). Basic considerations for the safety of hydrogen systems. 1st edn. Reference number ISO TR 15916:2004(E). The International Organization for Standardization (2004), Prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 197 Hydrogen Technologies International Standard
21. LaChance, J., Tchouvelev, A.V., & Ohi, J. (2007). Risk-informed process and tools for permitting hydrogen fueling stations. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, San Sebastian, Spain.
22. Lee J.H.S., and Moen I.O. The mechanism of transition from deflagration to detonation in vapour cloud explosions. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 6 (1979) 359-389
23. Marangon A., Carcassi M., Engebø A., and Nilsen S. Safety distances: definition and values. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 13 (2007) 2192-2197
24. Middha P., and Hansen O.R. Estimating the consequences of Deflagration to Detonation Transition (DDT) in hydrogen explosions. Process Safety Progress 27 3 (2008) 192-204
25. Middha, P., Hansen, O.R., Groethe, M., & Arntzen, B.J. (2007). Hydrogen explosion study in a confined tube: FLACS CFD simulations and experiments. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Colloquium of Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, Poitiers, France.
26. Middha, P., Hansen, O.R., Grune, J., & Kotchourko, A. (2007). Validation of CFD calculations against ignited impinging jet experiments. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, San Sebastian, Spain.
27. Middha, P., Hansen, O.R., & Schneider, H. (2007). Deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) in jet ignited hydrogen-air mixtures: large scale experiments and FLACS CFD predictions. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Loss Prevention Symposium, Edinburgh, UK.
28. Middha, P., Hansen, O.R., & Storvik, I.E. (2006). Prediction of deflagration to detonation transition in hydrogen explosions. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Loss Prevention Symposium, Orlando, FL.
29. Middha, P., Hansen, O.R., & Storvik, I.E. (2007). Validation of CFD-model for hydrogen dispersion. In: Proceedings of the 1st World Conference on Safety of Oil and Gas Industry, Gyeongju, Korea. Journal of Loss Prevention in Process Industries.
30. NORSOK Standard Z-013. Risk and emergency preparedness analysis (2001), Norwegian Technology Center, Oslo, Norway. Rev. 2. Available from: www.standard.no/pronorm-3/data/f/0/01/50/3_10704_0/Z-013.pdf
31. Patankar S.V. Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow (1980), Hemisphere Pub. 0070487405
32. Peraldi O., Knystautas R., and Lee J.H.S. Criteria for transition to detonation in tubes. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 21 (1986) 1629-1637
33. Pförtner, H. & Schneider, H. (1984). Tests with Jet Ignition of Partially Confined Hydrogen Air Mixtures in View of the Scaling of the Transition from Deflagration to Detonation, Final Report for Interatom GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, Oct. 1984, Fraunhofer ICT Internal Report.
34. Rosyid O.A., Jablonski D., and Hauptmanns U. Risk analysis for the infrastructure of hydrogen economy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 15 (2007) 3194-3200
35. Royle, M., Shirvill, L.C., & Roberts, T.A. (2007). Vapour Cloud explosions from the ignition of methane/hydrogen/air mixtures in a congested region. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, San Sebastian, Spain.
36. Sato, Y., Merilo, E., Groethe, M., Colton, J., Chiba, S., & Iwabuchi, H. (2006). Homogeneous hydrogen deflagrations in a sub-scale vehicle tunnel. In: Proceedings of 15th World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Lyon, France.
37. Schjølberg I., and Østdahl A.B. Security and tolerable risk for hydrogen service stations. Technology in Society 30 1 (2008) 64-70
38. Sherman M.P., Tieszen S.R., and Benedick W.B. FLAME facility, the effect of obstacles and transverse venting on flame acceleration and transition to detonation for hydrogen-air mixtures at large scale (1989), Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA NUREG/CR-5275, SAND85-1264, R3, April 1989
39. Shirvill, L.C., Royle, M., & Roberts, T.A. (2007). Hydrogen releases ignited in a simulated vehicle refuelling environment. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, San Sebastian, Spain.
40. Tegnér J., and Sjögreen B. Numerical investigation of deflagration to detonation transitions. Combustion Science and Technology 174 8 (2002) 153-186