Does treatment of hypertension decrease the incidence of atrial fibrillation and cardioembolic stroke?

European Journal of Internal Medicine

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 125-131

  Solun, B ^a   Marcoviciu, D ^a   Dicker, D ^a  

^a HASHARON HOSPITAL   (Israel)

Author keywords

ACEI inhibitors; Atrial fibrillation; Atrial structural remodeling; Hypertension

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ENALAPRILAT; LACIDIPINE; PLACEBO; VERAPAMIL;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DRUG EFFICACY; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; REVIEW; STROKE;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; INTRACRANIAL EMBOLISM; STROKE;

EID: 62749132922     PISSN: 09536205     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2008.07.001     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., and Black H.R. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 21 (2003) 2560-2572
2. Law M., Wald N., and Morris J. Lowering blood pressure to prevent myocardial infarction and stroke: a new preventive strategy. Health Technol Assess 7 (2003) 1-94
3. Vinereanu D. Risk factors for atherosclerotic disease: present and future. Herz 31 Suppl 3 (2006) 5-24
4. Schober K.E., and Maerz I. Assessment of left atrial appendage flow velocity and its relation to spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in 89 cats with myocardial disease. J Vet Intern Med 20 (2006) 120-130
5. Geller J.C. Atrial fibrillation as end point of hypertension. Can antihypertensive therapy prevent it?. MMW Fortschr Med 20 (2003) 38-41
6. Verdecchia P., Reboldi G., Angeli F., Gattobigio R., Bentivoglio M., Thijs L., et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers for coronary heart disease and stroke prevention. Hypertension 46 (2005) 386-392
7. Chalmers J., and Chapman N. Progress in reducing the burden of stroke. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 28 (2001) 1091-1095
8. Bestehorn K., and Wahle K. Impact of losartan on stroke risk in hypertensive patients in primary care. Clin Drug Investig 27 (2007) 347-355
9. Erdine S., Ari O., Zanchetti A., Cifkova R., Fagard R., and Kjeldsen S. ESH-ESC guidelines for the management of hypertension. Herz 31 (2006) 331-338
10. Papadopoulos D.P., and Papademetriou V. Targeting angiotensin II type I receptors to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension. Expert Opin Ther Targets 10 (2006) 231-237
11. Blacher J., Baes M., Marchal A., Younes W., Legedz L., and Safar M. New treatment strategies for hypertension. Which guidelines and how to apply them. Presse Med 22 (2005) 1279-1285
12. Fournier A., Achard J.M., Mazouz H., Pruna A., Hottelart C., Rosa A., et al. Could angiotensin II type I receptor antagonists have a superior beneficial effect than that of angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitors with respect to the risk of cerebrovascular accident?. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 92 (1999) 997-1000
13. Kannel W.B. Risk stratification in hypertension: new insights from the Framingham Study. Am J Hypertens 13 (2000) 3S-10S
14. Law M.R., Wald N.J., Morris J.K., and Jordan R.E. Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs: analysis of 354 randomised trials. BMJ 28 (2003) 1427
15. Lawes C.M., Bennett D.A., Lewington S., and Rodgers A. Blood pressure and coronary heart disease: a review of the evidence. Semin Vasc Med 2 (2002) 355-368
16. Ryder K.M., and Benjamin E.J. Epidemiology and significance of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 4 (1999) 131R-138R
17. Falk R.H. Atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 5 (2001) 1067-1078
18. Scardi S., and Mazzone C. Impact of chronic atrial fibrillation on cardiovacular mortality. Ital Heart J Suppl 1 (2000) 1117-1122
19. Mattle H.P. Long-term outcome after stroke due to atrial fibrillation. Cerebrovasc Dis 16 Suppl 1 (2003) 3-8
20. Mattle H.P., Schwerzmann M., and Seiler C.h. Atrial fibrillation and stroke. Ther Umsch 60 (2003) 527-534
21. Lakshminarayan K., Anderson D.C., Herzog C.A., and Qureshi A.I. Clinical epidemiology of atrial fibrillation and related cerebrovascular events in the United States. Neurologist 14 3 (May 2008) 143-150
22. Ghatnekar O., and Glader E.L. The effect of atrial fibrillation on stroke-related inpatient costs in Sweden: a 3-year analysis of registry incidence data from 2001. Value Health (May 16 2008) [Epub ahead of print]
23. Szucs T.D., and Bramkamp M. Pharmacoeconomics of anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a review. J Thromb Haemost 4 6 (Jun 2006) 1180-1185
24. Chen L.Y., and Shen W.K. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a current perspective. Heart Rhythm 4 3 Suppl (2007) S1-6
25. Guize L., Thomas F., Bean K., Benetos A., and Pannier B. Atrial fibrillation: prevalence, risk factors and mortality in a large French population with 15 years of follow-up. Bull Acad Natl Med 191 4-5 (Apr-May 2007) 791-803
26. Schoonderwoerd B.A., Smit M.D., Pen L., and Van Gelder I.C. New risk factors for atrial fibrillation: causes of 'not-so-lone atrial fibrillation'. Europace 10 6 (Jun 2008) 668-673
27. Gami A.S., Hodge D.O., Herges R.M., Olson E.J., Nykodym J., Kara T., et al. Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 6 (2007) 565-571
28. Wolk R., and Somers V.K. Obesity-related cardiovascular disease: implications of obstructive sleep apnea. Diabetes Obes Metab 8 (2006) 250-260
29. Fuster V., Ryden L.E., Cannom D.S., Crijns H.J., Curtis A.B., Ellenbogen K.A., et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 15 (2006) e257-e354
30. Lombardi F., and Terranova P. Renin-angiotensin system block and atrial fibrillation. Curr Med Chem 12 (2005) 1331-1337
31. Allessie M.A., Boyden P.A., Camm A.J., Kléber A.G., Lab M.J., and Legato M.J. Pathophysiology and prevention of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 6 (2001) 769-777
32. Corradi D., Callegari S., Benussi S., Maestri R., Pastori P., Nascimbene S., et al. Myocyte changes and their left atrial distribution in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation related to mitral valve disease. Hum Pathol 36 (2005) 1080-1089
33. Mukherjee R., Herron A.R., Lowry A.S., Stroud R.E., Stroud M.R., and Wharton J.M. Selective induction of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in atrial and ventricular myocardium in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 15 (2006) 532-537
34. Goette A., and Lendeckel U. Morphological remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Herz 31 (2006) 101-107
35. Donal E., and Herpin D. Atrial remodeling, systemic hypertension, stroke. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 98 (2005) 53-57
36. Arndt M., Lendeckel U., Rocken C., Nepple K., Wolke C., Spiess A., et al. Altered expression of ADAMs (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase) in fibrillating human atria. Circulation 12 (2002) 720-725
37. Schotten U., Neuberger H.R., and Allessie M.A. The role of atrial dilatation in the domestication of atrial fibrillation. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 82 (2003) 151-162
38. Korantzopoulos P., Kolettis T., Siogas K., and Goudevenos J. Atrial fibrillation and electrical remodeling: the potential role of inflammation and oxidative stress. Med Sci Monit 9 (2003) RA225-RA229
39. Wijffels M.C., Kirchhof C.J., Dorland R., et al. Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation 1 (1995) 1954-1968
40. Meurling C.J., Ingemansson M.P., Roijer A., et al. Attenuation of electrical remodeling in chronic atrial fibrillation following oral treatment with verapamil. Europace 1 (1999) 234-241
41. Levy S., and Sbragia P. Remodelling in atrial fibrillation. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 98 (2005) 308-312
42. Frangogiannis N.G., Shimoni S., Chang S.M., Ren G., Dewald O., Gersch C., et al. Active interstitial remodeling: an important process in the hibernating human myocardium. J Am Coll Cardiol 1 (2002) 1468-1474
43. Imada M., Funabashi N., Asano M., Uehara M., Ueda M., and Komuro I. Anatomical remodeling of left atria in subjects with chronic and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation evaluated by multislice computed tomography. Int J Cardiol 31 (2007) 384-388
44. Klingbeil A.U., Schneider M., Martus P., Messerli F.H., and Schmieder R.E. A meta-analysis of the effects of treatment on left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Am J Med 115 (2003) 41-46
45. Kjeldsen S.E., Strand A., Julius S., and Okin P.M. Mechanism of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker action in the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 8 7 (2006) 487-492
46. Ramires F.J., Sun Y., and Weber K.T. Myocardial fibrosis associated with aldosterone or angiotensin II administration: attenuation by calcium channel blockade. J Mol Cell Cardiol 30 3 (Mar 1998) 475-483
47. Wang L.N., Wang C., Lin Y., Xi Y.H., Zhang W.H., Zhao Y.J., et al. Involvement of calcium-sensing receptor in cardiac hypertrophy-induced by angiotensinII through calcineurin pathway in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 369 2 (May 2 2008) 584-589
48. Levy S. Drug Insight: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and atrial fibrillation-indications and contraindications. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 3 (2006) 220-225
49. Newton C.R., Curran B., and Victorino G.P. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor activation increases microvascular permeability via a calcium dependent process. J Surg Res 123 (2005) 33-39
50. Touyz R.M., Sventek P., Lariviere R., Thibault G., Fareh J., Reudelhuber T., et al. Cytosolic calcium changes induced by angiotensin II in neonatal rat atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes are mediated via angiotensin II subtype 1 receptors. Hypertension 27 (1996) 1090-1096
51. Arbel Y., and Glikson M. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and atrial fibrillation. Isr Med Assoc J 7 (2005) 388-391
52. Choudhury A., Varughese G.I., and Lip G.Y. Targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system in atrial fibrillation: a shift from electrical to structural therapy?. Expert Opin Pharmacother 6 (2005) 2193-2207
53. Kumagai K. New approach for atrial fibrillation by suppression of renin-angiotensin system. Nippon Rinsho 63 (2005) 523-527
54. Patlolla V., Alsheikh-Ali A.A., and Al-Ahmad A.M. The renin-angiotensin system: a therapeutic target in atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 29 (2006) 1006-1012
55. Ryder K.M., and Benjamin E.J. Epidemiology and significance of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 4 (1999) 131R-138R
56. Webster M.W., Fitzpatrick M.A., Nicholls M.G., Ikram H., and Wells J.E. Effect of enalapril on ventricular arrhythmias in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 15 (1985) 566-569
57. Pedersen O.D., Bagger H., Kober L., and Torp-Pedersen C. Trandolapril reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 27 (1999) 376-380
58. Yamashita T. Atrial fibrillation and renin-angiotensin system. Nippon Rinsho 65 (2007) 569-574
59. Vermes E., Tardif J.C., Bourassa M.G., Racine N., Levesque S., White M., et al. Enalapril decreases the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: insight from the Studies Of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trials. Circulation 17 (2003) 2926-2931
60. L'Allier P.L., Ducharme A., Keller P.F., Yu H., Guertin M.C., and Tardif J.C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in hypertensive patients is associated with a reduction in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 7 (2004) 159-164
61. Dorian P. The future of atrial fibrillation therapy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 17 Suppl 2 (2006) S11-S16
62. Wachtell K., Hornestam B., Lehto M., et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with a history of atrial fibrillation: The Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1 (2005) 705-711
63. Wachtell K., Lehto M., Gerdts E., Olsen M.H., Hornestam B., Dahlöf B., et al. Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1 (2005) 712-719
64. Maggioni A.P., Latini R., Carson P.E., Singh S.N., Barlera S., Glazer R., et al. Valsartan reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure: results from the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). Am Heart J 149 (2005) 548-557
65. McMurray J.J., Young J.B., Dunlap M.E., Granger C.B., Hainer J., Michelson E.L., et al. Relationship of dose of background angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor to the benefits of candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM)-added trial. Am Heart J 151 (2006) 985-991
66. Madrid A.H., Peng J., Zamora J., Marín I., Bernal E., Escobar C., et al. The role of angiotensin receptor blockers and/or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with cardiovascular diseases: meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 27 (2004) 1405-1410
67. Murray K.T., Rottman J.N., Arbogast P.G., Shemanski L., Primm R.K., and Campbell W.B. Inhibition of angiotensin II signaling and recurrence of atrial fibrillation in AFFIRM. Heart Rhythm 1 (2004) 669-675
68. Goette A. Novel therapeutic approach to atrial fibrillation: AT1-receptor blocker. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 131 34-35 Suppl 4 (Aug 25 2006) S103-S107
69. Anand K., Mooss A.N., Hee T.T., and Mohiuddin S.M. Meta-analysis: inhibition of renin-angiotensin system prevents new-onset atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J. 152 (2006) 217-222
70. Dilaveris P., Giannopoulos G., Synetos A., and Stefanadis C. The role of renin angiotensin system blockade in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord 5 (2005) 387-403
71. Verdecchia P. Pre-clinical and clinical experience of telmisartan in cardiac remodelling. J Int Med Res 33 Suppl 1 (2005) 12A-20A
72. Kalus J.S., Coleman C.I., and White C.M. The impact of suppressing the renin-angiotensin system on atrial fibrillation. J Clin Pharmacol 46 (2006) 21-28
73. Lozano H.F., Conde C.A., Florin T., and Lamas G.A. Treatment and prevention of atrial fibrillation with non-antiarrhythmic pharmacologic therapy. Heart Rhythm 2 (2005) 1000-1007
74. Ehrlich J.R., Hohnloser S.H., and Nattel S. Role of angiotensin system and effects of its inhibition in atrial fibrillation: clinical and experimental evidence. Eur Heart J 27 (2006) 512-518
75. Birnie D.H., Gollob M., and Healey J.S. Clinical trials, the reninangiotensin system and atrial fibrillation. Curr Opin Cardiol. 21 (2006) 368-375
76. Healey J.S., Baranchuk A., Crystal E., Morillo C.A., Garfinkle M., and Yusuf S. Prevention of atrial fibrillation with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 7 (2005) 1832-1839
77. Healey J.S., Morillo C.A., and Connolly S.J. Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in atrial fibrillation and cardiac remodeling. Curr Opin Cardiol. 20 (2005) 31-37
78. Williams S.G., Connelly D.T., Jackson M., Bennett A., Albouaini K., and Todd D.M. Does treatment with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists prevent atrial fibrillation after dual chamber pacemaker implantation?. Europace 7 (2005) 554-559
79. Ducharme A., Swedberg K., Pfeffer M.A., Cohen-Solal A., Granger C.B., Maggioni A.P., et al. Prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM) program. Am Heart J 151 (2006) 985-991
80. Jibrini M.B., Molnar J., and Arora R.R. Prevention of atrial fibrillation by way of abrogation of the renin-angiotensin system: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Ther 15 1 (Jan-Feb 2008) 36-43
81. Wing L.M., Reid C.M., Ryan P., Beilin L.J., Brown M.A., Jennings G.L., et al. Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study (ANBP2). Australian Comparative Outcome Trial of ACE inhibitor- and diuretic-based treatment of hypertension in the elderly. Clin Exp Hypertens 19 (1997) 779-791
82. Einhorn P.T., Davis B.R., Massie B.M., et al. The Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) Heart Failure Validation Study: diagnosis and prognosis. Am Heart J 153 (2007) 42-53
83. Malmqvist K., Kahan T., and Dahl M. Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockade in hypertensive women: benefits of candesartan cilexetil versus enalapril or hydrochlorothiazide. Am J Hypertens 13 (2000) 504-511
84. Neldam S., and Forsen B. Multicentre Study Group. Antihypertensive treatment in elderly patients aged 75 years or over: a 24-week study of the tolerability of candesartan cilexetil in relation to hydrochlorothiazide. Drugs Aging 18 (2001) 225-232
85. Kinebuchi O., Mitamura H., Shiroshita-Takeshita A., Kurita Y., Ieda M., and Ohashi N. Oral verapamil attenuates the progression of pacing-induced electrical and mechanical remodeling of the atrium. Circ J 68 (2004) 494-500
86. Kyselovic J., Krenek P., Wibo M., and Godfraind T. Effects of amlodipine and lacidipine on cardiac remodelling and renin production in salt-loaded stroke prone hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 134 (2001) 1516-1522
87. Ohashi N., Mitamura H., Tanimoto K., Fukuda Y., Kinebuchi O., Kurita Y., et al. A comparison between calcium channel blocking drugs with different potencies for T- and L-type channels in preventing atrial electrical remodeling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 44 (2004) 386-392
88. Kurita Y., Mitamura H., Shiroshita-Takeshita A., Yamane A., Ieda M., Kinebuchi O., et al. Daily oral verapamil before but not after rapid atrial excitation prevents electrical remodeling. Cardiovasc Res 54 (2002) 447-455
89. Khan N.A., McAlister F.A., Campbell N.R., Feldman R.D., Rabkin S., Mahon J., et al. The 2004 Canadian recommendations for the management of hypertension: Part II-Therapy. Can J Cardiol 20 1 (2004) 41-54
90. Lindholm L.H., Carlberg B., and Samuelsson O. Should beta blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis. Lancet 366 (2005) 1545-1553
91. Bradley H.A., Wiysonge C.S., Volmink J.A., et al. How strong is the evidence for use of beta-blockers as first-line therapy for hypertension? Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 24 (2006) 2131-2141
92. Buchhorn R., Hulpke-Wette M., Ruschewski W., et al. Effects of therapeutic beta blockade on myocardial function and cardiac remodelling in congenital cardiac disease. Cardiol Young 13 (2003) 36-43
93. Li X., Huang C.X., Jiang H., et al. The beta-adrenergic blocker carvedilol restores L-type calcium current in a myocardial infarction model of rabbit. Chin Med J 118 (2005) 377-382