Cardiac fatigue in long-distance runners is associated with ventricular repolarization abnormalities

Heart Rhythm

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 512-519

  Sahlén, Anders ^a   Rubulis, Aigars ^a   Winter, Reidar ^a   Jacobsen, Per Herman ^a   Ståhlberg, Marcus ^a   Tornvall, Per ^a   Bergfeldt, Lennart ^b   Braunschweig, Frieder ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Echocardiography; Exercise; Natriuretic peptides; Repolarization; Vectorcardiography

Indexed keywords

AMINO TERMINAL PRO BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; TROPONIN T;

ADULT; ARTICLE; DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY MONITORING; ENDURANCE; HEART DISEASE; HEART FUNCTION TEST; HEART MUSCLE CONTRACTILE FORCE; HEART MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; HEART REPOLARIZATION ABNORMALITY; HEART STRESS; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NON INVASIVE MEASUREMENT; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; QRS COMPLEX; QT INTERVAL; RUNNING; VECTORCARDIOGRAPHY;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, DOPPLER; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FATIGUE; HEART VENTRICLES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE, BRAIN; PEPTIDE FRAGMENTS; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; RUNNING; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC; TROPONIN T; VECTORCARDIOGRAPHY;

EID: 62549158678     PISSN: 15475271     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.12.020     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Thompson P.D., Buchner D., Pina I.L., et al. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity). Circulation 107 (2003) 3109-3116
2. Douglas P.S., O'Toole M.L., Hiller W.D., et al. Cardiac fatigue after prolonged exercise. Circulation 76 (1987) 1206-1213
3. Rifai N., Douglas P.S., O'Toole M., et al. Cardiac troponin T and I, echocardiographic [correction of electrocardiographic] wall motion analyses, and ejection fractions in athletes participating in the Hawaii Ironman Triathalon. Am J Cardiol 83 (1999) 1085-1089
4. Neilan T.G., Januzzi J.L., Lee-Lewandrowski E., et al. Myocardial injury and ventricular dysfunction related to training levels among nonelite participants in the Boston marathon. Circulation 114 (2006) 2325-2333
5. Sahlén A., Winter R., Lind B., et al. Magnitude, reproducibility and association with baseline cardiac function of cardiac biomarker release in long-distance runners aged ≥ 55 years. Am J Cardiol 102 (2008) 218-222
6. Maron B.J., Poliac L.C., and Roberts W.O. Risk for sudden cardiac death associated with marathon running. J Am Coll Cardiol 28 (1996) 428-431
7. Rubulis A., Jensen J., Lundahl G., et al. T vector and loop characteristics in coronary artery disease and during acute ischemia. Heart Rhythm 1 (2004) 317-325
8. Wecke L., Gadler F., Linde C., et al. Temporal characteristics of cardiac memory in humans: vectorcardiographic quantification in a model of cardiac pacing. Heart Rhythm 2 (2005) 28-34
9. Wecke L., Rubulis A., Lundahl G., et al. Right ventricular pacing-induced electrophysiological remodeling in the human heart and its relationship to cardiac memory. Heart Rhythm 4 (2007) 1477-1486
10. Jokl P., Sethi P.M., and Cooper A.J. Master's performance in the New York City Marathon 1983-1999. Br J Sports Med 38 (2004) 408-412
11. Jensen-Urstad K., Bouvier F., Saltin B., et al. High prevalence of arrhythmias in elderly male athletes with a lifelong history of regular strenuous exercise. Heart 79 (1998) 161-164
12. Epstein S.E., and Maron B.J. Sudden death and the competitive athlete: perspectives on preparticipation screening studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 7 (1986) 220-230
13. Lang R.M., Bierig M., Devereux R.B., et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 18 (2005) 1440-1463
14. Yamazaki T., Froelicher V.F., Myers J., et al. Spatial QRS-T angle predicts cardiac death in a clinical population. Heart Rhythm 2 (2005) 73-78
15. Opthof T., Coronel R., Wilms-Schopman F.J., et al. Dispersion of repolarization in canine ventricle and the electrocardiographic T wave: Tp-e interval does not reflect transmural dispersion. Heart Rhythm 4 (2007) 341-348
16. Xia Y., Liang Y., Kongstad O., et al. In vivo validation of the coincidence of the peak and end of the T wave with full repolarization of the epicardium and endocardium in swine. Heart Rhythm 2 (2005) 162-169
17. Antzelevitch C., and Oliva A. Amplification of spatial dispersion of repolarization underlies sudden cardiac death associated with catecholaminergic polymorphic VT, long QT, short QT and Brugada syndromes. J Intern Med 259 (2006) 48-58
18. Elming H., Holm E., Jun L., et al. The prognostic value of the QT interval and QT interval dispersion in all-cause and cardiac mortality and morbidity in a population of Danish citizens. Eur Heart J 19 (1998) 1391-1400
19. Van Huysduynen B.H., Swenne C.A., Draisma H.H., et al. Validation of ECG indices of ventricular repolarization heterogeneity: a computer simulation study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16 (2005) 1097-1103
20. Beckner G.L., and Winsor T. Cardiovascular adaptations to prolonged physical effort. Circulation 9 (1954) 835-846
21. Smith W.G., Cullen K.J., and Thorburn I.O. Electrocardiograms of marathon runners in 1962 Commonwealth Games. Br Heart J 26 (1964) 469-476
22. Whyte G.P., George K., Sharma S., et al. Cardiac fatigue following prolonged endurance exercise of differing distances. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32 (2000) 1067-1072
23. Bernardi L., Passino C., Robergs R., et al. Acute and persistent effects of a 46-kilometer wilderness trail run at altitude: cardiovascular autonomic modulation and baroreflexes. Cardiovasc Res 34 (1997) 273-280
24. Kannankeril P.J., and Goldberger J.J. Parasympathetic effects on cardiac electrophysiology during exercise and recovery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 282 (2002) H2091-H2098
25. Frederiks J., Swenne C.A., Kors J.A., et al. Within-subject electrocardiographic differences at equal heart rates: role of the autonomic nervous system. Pflugers Arch 441 (2001) 717-724
26. Takenaka K., Ai T., Shimizu W., et al. Exercise stress test amplifies genotype-phenotype correlation in the LQT1 and LQT2 forms of the long-QT syndrome. Circulation 107 (2003) 838-844
27. Saba M.M., Arain S.A., Lavie C.J., et al. Relation between left ventricular geometry and transmural dispersion of repolarization. Am J Cardiol 96 (2005) 952-955
28. La Gerche A., Connelly K.A., Mooney D.J., et al. Biochemical and functional abnormalities of left and right ventricular function after ultra-endurance exercise. Heart 94 (2008) 860-866
29. Jeyaraj D., Wilson L.D., Zhong J., et al. Mechanoelectrical feedback as novel mechanism of cardiac electrical remodeling. Circulation 115 (2007) 3145-3155
30. Wang T.J., Larson M.G., Levy D., et al. Plasma natriuretic peptide levels and the risk of cardiovascular events and death. N Engl J Med 350 (2004) 655-663
31. Scharhag J., Herrmann M., Urhausen A., et al. Independent elevations of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponins in endurance athletes after prolonged strenuous exercise. Am Heart J 150 (2005) 1128-1134
32. Ridker P.M., Rifai N., Rose L., et al. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 347 (2002) 1557-1565
33. Neilan T.G., Yoerger D.M., Douglas P.S., et al. Persistent and reversible cardiac dysfunction among amateur marathon runners. Eur Heart J 27 (2006) 1079-1084
34. Innelli P., Sanchez R., Marra F., et al. The impact of aging on left ventricular longitudinal function in healthy subjects: a pulsed tissue Doppler study. Eur J Echocardiogr 9 (2008) 241-249
35. Neilan T.G., and Wood M.J. From altus to parvus: cardiac fatigue in athletes: reply. Eur Heart J 28 (2007) 1172