Preventive effect of pre-dive hydration on bubble formation in divers

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 224-228

  Gempp, E ^a   Blatteau, J E ^b   Pontier, J M ^c   Balestra, C ^d   Louge, P ^c  

^a Institute of Naval Medicine   (France)

^b Military Teaching Hospital Sainte Anne   (France)

^c French Navy Health Center   (France)

^d UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS; DIVING; GLUCOSE SOLUTION, HYPERTONIC; HUMANS; HYPOVOLEMIA; REHYDRATION SOLUTIONS; RISK FACTORS; SALINE SOLUTION, HYPERTONIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 62549099617     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: 14730480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.043240     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Blatteau JE, Souraud JB, Gempp E, et al. Gas nuclei, their origin, and their role in bubble formation. Aviat Space Environ Med 2006;77:1068-76.
2. Nishi RY, Brubakk AO, Eftedal OS. Bubble detection. In: Brubakk AO, Neuman TS eds. Bennett and Elliot's physiology and medicine of diving, 5th ed. London: WB Saunders; 2003:501-29.
3. Butler BD, Little T, Cogan V, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen pre-breathe modifies the outcome of decompression sickness. Undersea Hyperb Med 2006;33:407-17.
4. Wisloff U, Richardson RS, Brubakk AO. Exercise and nitric oxide prevent bubble formation: a novel approach to the prevention of decompression sickness? J Physiol 2004;555:825-9.
5. Blatteau JE, Gempp E, Pontier JM, et al. Aerobic exercise 2 hours before a dive to 30 msw decreases bubble formation after decompression. Aviat Space Environ Med 2005;76:666-9.
6. Marroni A, Bennett PB, Cronje FJ, et al. A deep stop during decompression from 82 fsw (25 m) significantly reduces bubbles and fast tissue gas tensions. Undersea Hyperb Med 2004;31:233-43.
7. Carturan D, Boussuges A, Vanuxem P, et al. Ascent rate, maximal oxygen uptake, adiposity, and circulating venous bubbles after diving. J Appl Physiol 2002;93:1349-56.
8. Dujic Z, Palada I, Valic Z, et al. Exogenous nitric oxide and bubble formation in divers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006;38:1432- 35.
9. Skogland S, Hope A, Sundland H, et al. Effect of water deprivation and decompression on venous gas emboli in conscious rats. Proceedings of the XXXIInd Annual Meeting of the European Underwater and Baromedical Society, 23-26 August 2006, Bergen, Norway. 2006:29-31.
10. Broome JR, Kittel CL, Dick EJ. Failure of pre-dive hydration status to influence neurological DCI rate in pigs. Undersea Hyperb Med 1995;22(suppl):52.
11. Fahlman A, Dromski DM. Dehydration effects on the risk of severe decompression sickness in a swine model. Aviat Space Environ Med 2006;77:102-6.
12. Leni P, Menu JP, Laforest F, et al. Extracellular dehydration induces functional motor spinal deficit after severe decompression in the rabbit. Proceedings of the XXVIIth Annual Meeting of the European Underwater and Baromedical Society, 12-16 September 2001, Hamburg, Germany. 2001:13-17.
13. Plafki C, Almeling M, Welslau W. Dehydration - a risk for decompression accident in diving. Dtsch Z Sportmed 1997;48:242-4.
14. Aharon-Peretz J, Adir Y, Gordon CR, et al. Spinal cord decompression sickness in sport diving. Arch Neurol 1993;50:753-6.
15. Regnard J, Roy C, Peyras C, et al. Dehydration is common after sport diving. Proceedings of the XIVth Annual Meeting of the European Underwater and Baromedical Society, 5-9 September 1988, Aberdeen, UK. 1988:47-9.
16. Jeanningros O, Lagre FX, Pontus N, et al. Haemodynamic consequences of dive-induced weight loss and diuresis are greater after the second than the first dive. Proceedings of the XXVth Annual Meeting of the European Underwater and Baromedical Society, August 28-September 2 1999, Haifa-Eilat, Israel. 1999:163.
17. Hjelde A, Koteng S, Eftedal O, et al. Surface tension and bubble formation after decompression in the pig. Appl Cardiopulm Pathophysiol 2000;9:47-52.
18. Walder DN. Serum surface tension and its relation to the decompression sickness of aviators. J Physiol Lond 1948;107:43-4.
19. Greenleaf JE, Farrell PA, Loomis JL, et al. Sodium chloride-citrate beverages attenuate hypovolemia in men resting 12 h at 2800 m altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med 1998;69:936-43.
20. Harrison MH, Graveney MJ, Cochrane LA. Some sources of error in the calculation of relative change in plasma volume. Eur J Appl Physiol 1982;50:13-21.
21. Spencer MP. Decompression limits for compressed air determined by ultrasonically detected blood bubbles. J Appl Physiol 1976;40:229-35.
22. Blatteau JE, Boussuges A, Gempp E, et al. Hemodynamic changes induced by sub-maximal exercise prior to a dive and its consequences on bubble formation. Br J Sports Med 2007;41:375-9.
23. Cook SF. Environmental factors affecting decompression sickness. Part III. Role of exercise, temperature, drugs and water balance in decompression sickness. In: Fulton JF ed. Decompression sickness. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1951:223-41.
24. Philp RB, Schacham P, Godwey CW. Involvment of platelets and microthrombi in experimental decompression sickness: similarities with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Aerospace Med 1971;42:494-501.
25. Bove AA, Hallenbeck JM, Elliott D. Changes in blood and plasma volumes in dogs during decompression sickness. Aerospace Med 1974;1:49-55.
26. Boussuges A, Blanc P, Molenat F, et al. Haemoconcentration in neurological decompression illness. Int J Sport Med 1996;17:351-5.
27. Boussuges A, Blanc F, Carturan D. Haemodynamic changes induced by recreational scuba diving. Chest 2006;129:1337-43.
28. Doi T, Sakurai M, Hamada K, et al. Plasma volume and blood viscosity during 4h sitting in a dry environment: effect of prehydration. Aviat Space Environ Med 2004;75:500-4.
29. Balldin UI. Effects of ambient temperature and body position on tissue nitrogen elimination in man. Aerospace Med 1973;44:365-70.
30. Balldin UI, Lundgren CEG. Effect of immersion with the head above water on nitrogen elimination in man. Aerospace Med 1972;43:1101- 8.
31. Lu CC, Diedrich A, Tung CS, et al. Water ingestion as prophylaxis against syncope. Circulation 2003;108:2660-5.
32. Scott EM, Greenwood JP, Gilbey SG. Water ingestion increases sympathetic vasoconstrictor discharge in normal human subjects. Clin Sci 2001;100:335-42.
33. Brown CM, Barberini L, Dulloo AG, et al. Cardiovascular response to water drinking: does osmolality play a role? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005;289:R1687-92.
34. Rossi P, Andriesse GY, Oey PL, et al. Stomach distension increases efferent muscle sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in healthy humans. J Neurol Sci 1998;161:148-55.
35. Hjelde A, Brubakk AO. Variability in serum surface tension in man. Appl Cardiopulm Pathophysiol 2000;9:9-12.