Plant glycosidases acting on protein-linked oligosaccharides

Phytochemistry

Volumn 70, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 318-324

  Léonard, Renaud ^a   Strasser, Richard ^a   Altmann, Friedrich ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES   (Austria)

Author keywords

Arabinogalactan protein; Glycoprotein; Glycosidase; N glycan

Indexed keywords

ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEINS; GLYCOPROTEIN; GLYCOSIDASE; MUCOPROTEIN; OLIGOSACCHARIDE; VEGETABLE PROTEIN;

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; METABOLISM; SHORT SURVEY;

GLYCOPROTEINS; GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MUCOPROTEINS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; PLANT PROTEINS;

EID: 62349133024     PISSN: 00319422     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.01.006     Document Type: Short Survey

References (102)

1. Ahn Y.O., Zheng M., Bevan D.R., Esen A., Shiu S.H., Benson J., Peng H.P., Miller J.T., Cheng C.L., Poulton J.E., and Shih M.C. Functional genomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana glycoside hydrolase family 35. Phytochemistry 68 (2007) 1510-1520
2. Altmann F., Schweiszer S., and Weber C. Kinetic comparison of peptide: N-glycosidases F and A reveals several differences in substrate specificity. Glycoconjugate J. 12 (1995) 84-93
3. Altmann F., Paschinger K., Dalik T., and Vorauer K. Characterisation of peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-β-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase A and its N-glycans. Eur. J. Biochem. 252 (1998) 118-123
4. Arakawa M., Ogata S., Muramatsu T., and Kobata A. β-galactosidases from jack bean meal and almond emulsin. Application for the enzymatic distinction of Galβ1 leads to 4GlcNAc and Galβ1 leads to 3GlcNAc linkages. J. Biochem. 75 (1974) 707-714
5. Augur C., Benhamou N., Darvill A., and Albersheim P. Purification, characterization, and cell wall localization of an α-fucosidase that inactivates a xyloglucan oligosaccharin. Plant J. 3 (1993) 415-426
6. Augur C., Stiefel V., Darvill A., Albersheim P., and Puigdomenech P. Molecular cloning and pattern of expression of an α-l-fucosidase gene from pea seedlings. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 24839-24843
7. Benćur P., Steinkellner H., Svoboda B., Mucha J., Strasser R., Kolarich D., Hann S., Kollensperger G., Glössl J., Altmann F., and Mach L. Arabidopsis thaliana β1,2-xylosyltransferase: an unusual glycosyltransferase with the potential to act at multiple stages of the plant N-glycosylation pathway. Biochem. J. 388 (2005) 515-525
8. Berger S., Menudier A., Julien R., and Karamanos Y. Endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase activities during germination of Raphanus sativus. Phytochemistry 39 (1995) 481-487
9. Boisson M., Gomord V., Audran C., Berger N., Dubreucq B., Granier F., Lerouge P., Faye L., Caboche M., and Lepiniec L. Arabidopsis glucosidase I mutants reveal a critical role of N-glycan trimming in seed development. EMBO J. 20 (2001) 1010-1019
10. Boller T., and Kende H. Hydrolytic enzymes in the central vacuole of plant cells. Plant Physiol. 63 (1979) 1123-1132
11. Bondili J.S., Castilho A., Mach L., Glössl J., Steinkellner H., Altmann F., and Strasser R. Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of β1, 2-xylosyltransferase and core α1, 3-fucosyltransferase from maize. Phytochemistry 67 (2006) 2215-2224
12. Burn J.E., Hurley U.A., Birch R.J., Arioli T., Cork A., and Williamson R.E. The cellulose-deficient Arabidopsis mutant rsw3 is defective in a gene encoding a putative glucosidase II, an enzyme processing N-glycans during ER quality control. Plant J. 32 (2002) 949-960
13. Cantarel, B.L., Coutinho, P.M., Rancurel, C., Bernard, T., Lombard, V., Henrissat, B., 2008. The carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy): an expert resource for glycogenomics. Nucleic Acids Res.
14. Dairaku K., and Spiro R.G. Phylogenetic survey of endomannosidase indicates late evolutionary appearance of this N-linked oligosaccharide processing enzyme. Glycobiology 7 (1997) 579-586
15. Davis M.O., Hata D.J., Johnson S.A., Jones D.E., Harmata M.A., Evans M.L., Walker J.C., and Smith D.S. Cloning, sequence, and expression of a blood group B active recombinant α-d-galactosidase from pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 42 (1997) 453-467
16. de La Torre F., Sampedro J., Zarra I., and Revilla G. AtFXG1, an Arabidopsis gene encoding α-L-fucosidase active against fucosylated xyloglucan oligosaccharides. Plant Physiol. 128 (2002) 247-255
17. Diepold A., Li G., Lennarz W.J., Nurnberger T., and Brunner F. The Arabidopsis AtPNG1 gene encodes a peptide: N-glycanase. Plant J. 52 (2007) 94-104
18. Eudes A., Mouille G., Thevenin J., Goyallon A., Minic Z., and Jouanin L. Purification, cloning and functional characterization of an endogenous β-glucuronidase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol. 49 (2008) 1331-1341
19. Fitchette-Lainé A.C., Gomord V., Cabanes M., Michalski J.C., Saint Macary M., Foucher B., Cavelier B., Hawes C., Lerouge P., and Faye L. N-glycans harboring the Lewis a epitope are expressed at the surface of plant cells. Plant J. 12 (1997) 1411-1417
20. Forsee W.T. Characterization of microsomal and cytosolic α-1,2-mannosidases from mung bean hypocotyls. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 242 (1985) 48-57
21. Furumizu C., and Komeda Y. A novel mutation in KNOPF uncovers the role of α-glucosidase I during post-embryonic development in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett. 582 (2008) 2237-2241
22. Geisler C., Aumiller J.J., and Jarvis D.L. A fused lobes gene encodes the processing β-N-acetylglucosaminidase in Sf9 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 283 (2008) 11330-11339
23. Gibeaut D.M., and Carpita N.C. Tracing cell wall biogenesis in intact cells and plants: selective turnover and alteration of soluble and cell wall polysaccharides in grasses. Plant Physiol. 97 (1991) 551-561
24. Gillmor C.S., Poindexter P., Lorieau J., Palcic M.M., and Somerville C. Α-glucosidase I is required for cellulose biosynthesis and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. J. Cell Biol. 156 (2002) 1003-1013
25. Gomord V., and Faye L. Posttranslational modification of therapeutic proteins in plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7 (2004) 171-181
26. Gorr G., and Altmann F. Glycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants. In: Kayser O., and Quax W. (Eds). Medicinal Plant Biotechnology vol. 2 (2007), Wiley-VCH 345-374
27. Grinna L.S., and Robbins P.W. Glycoprotein biosynthesis rat liver microsomal glucosidases which process oligosaccharides. J. Biol. Chem. 254 (1979) 8814-8818
28. Gutternigg M., Kretschmer-Lubich D., Paschinger K., Rendić D., Hader J., Geier P., Ranftl R., Jantsch V., Lochnit G., and Wilson I.B. Biosynthesis of truncated N-linked oligosaccharides results from non-orthologous hexosaminidase-mediated mechanisms in nematodes, plants, and insects. J. Biol. Chem. 282 (2007) 27825-27840
29. Harpaz N., and Flowers H.M. Isolation of α-galactosidase by affinity chromatography. Methods Enzymol. 34 (1974) 347-350
30. Hubbard S.C., and Robbins P.W. Synthesis and processing of protein-linked oligosaccharides in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 254 (1979) 4568-4576
31. Iglesias N., Abelenda J.A., Rodino M., Sampedro J., Revilla G., and Zarra I. Apoplastic glycosidases active against xyloglucan oligosaccharides of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol. 47 (2006) 55-63
32. Imber M.J., Glasgow L.R., and Pizzo S.V. Purification of an almond emulsin fucosidase on Cibacron blue-sepharose and demonstration of its activity toward fucose-containing glycoproteins. J. Biol. Chem. 257 (1982) 8205-8210
33. Ishimaru, M., Smith, D.L., Mort, A.J., Gross, K.C., 2008. Enzymatic activity and substrate specificity of recombinant tomato β-galactosidases 4 and 5. Planta.
34. Ishimizu T., Mitsukami Y., Shinkawa T., Natsuka S., Hase S., Miyagi M., Sakiyama F., and Norioka S. Presence of asparagine-linked N-acetylglucosamine and chitobiose in Pyrus pyrifolia S-RNases associated with gametophytic self-incompatibility. Eur. J. Biochem. 263 (1999) 624-634
35. Ishimizu T., Sasaki A., Okutani S., Maeda M., Yamagishi M., and Hase S. Endo-β-mannosidase, a plant enzyme acting on N-glycan: purification, molecular cloning, and characterization. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 38555-38562
36. Ishimizu T., Hashimoto C., Kajihara R., and Hase S. A retaining endo-β-mannosidase from a dicot plant, cabbage. J. Biochem. 139 (2006) 1035-1043
37. Ishimizu T., Hashimoto C., Takeda R., Fujii K., and Hase S. A Novel α1, 2-l-fucosidase acting on xyloglucan oligosaccharides is associated with endo-β-mannosidase. J. Biochem. 142 (2007) 721-729
38. Jefferson R.A., Kavanagh T.A., and Bevan M.W. GUS fusions: β-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. EMBO J. 6 (1987) 3901-3907
39. Jin C., Altmann F., Strasser R., Mach L., Schähs M., Kunert R., Rademacher T., Glössl J., and Steinkellner H. A plant-derived human monoclonal antibody induces an anti-carbohydrate immune response in rabbits. Glycobiology 18 (2008) 235-241
40. Kang J.S., Frank J., Kang C.H., Kajiura H., Vikram M., Ueda A., Kim S., Bahk J.D., Triplett B., Fujiyama K., Lee S.Y., von Schaewen A., and Koiwa H. Salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana requires maturation of N-glycosylated proteins in the Golgi apparatus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 (2008) 5933-5938
41. Kaushal G.P., Pastuszak I., Hatanaka K., and Elbein A.D. Purification to homogeneity and properties of glucosidase II from mung bean seedlings and suspension-cultured soybean cells. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 16271-16279
42. Kaushal G.P., Szumilo T., Pastuszak I., and Elbein A.D. Purification to homogeneity and properties of mannosidase II from mung bean seedlings. Biochemistry 29 (1990) 2168-2176
43. Kaushal G.P., Zeng Y., and Elbein A.D. Biosynthesis of glucosidase II in suspension-cultured soybean cells. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 14536-14542
44. Kilker Jr. R.D., Saunier B., Tkacz J.S., and Herscovics A. Partial purification from Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a soluble glucosidase which removes the terminal glucose from the oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2. J. Biol. Chem. 256 (1981) 5299-5603
45. Kim W.D., Kobayashi O., Kaneko S., Sakakibara Y., Park G.G., Kusakabe I., Tanaka H., and Kobayashi H. Α-Galactosidase from cultured rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Nipponbare) cells. Phytochemistry 61 (2002) 621-630
46. Kim W.D., Kaneko S., Park G.G., Tanaka H., Kusakabe I., and Kobayashi H. Purification and characterization of α-galactosidase from sunflower seeds. Biotechnol. Lett. 25 (2003) 353-358
47. Kimura Y., Hess D., and Sturm A. The N-glycans of jack bean α-mannosidase Structure, topology and function. Eur. J. Biochem. 264 (1999) 168-175
48. Ko K., Ahn M.H., Song M., Choo Y.K., Kim H.S., Ko K., and Joung H. Glyco-engineering of biotherapeutic proteins in plants. Mol. Cells 25 (2008) 494-503
49. Kobata A. Α-l-fucosidases from almond emulsin. Methods Enzymol. 83 (1982) 625-631
50. Kotake T., Tonari A., Ohta M., Matsuura F., and Sakurai N. Small complex-type N-linked glycans are attached to cell-wall bound exo-β-glucanases of both mung bean and barley seedlings. Physiol. Plant 112 (2001) 308-314
51. Kotake T., Dina S., Konishi T., Kaneko S., Igarashi K., Samejima M., Watanabe Y., Kimura K., and Tsumuraya Y. Molecular cloning of a β-galactosidase from radish that specifically hydrolyzes β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-galactosyl residues of Arabinogalactan protein. Plant Physiol. 138 (2005) 1563-1576
52. Kotake T., Tsuchiya K., Aohara T., Konishi T., Kaneko S., Igarashi K., Samejima M., and Tsumuraya Y. An α-l-arabinofuranosidase/β-d-xylosidase from immature seeds of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). J. Exp. Bot. 57 (2006) 2353-2362
53. Kurosaka A., Yano A., Itoh N., Kuroda Y., Nakagawa T., and Kawasaki T. The structure of a neural specific carbohydrate epitope of horseradish peroxidase recognized by anti-horseradish peroxidase antiserum. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 4168-4172
54. Lee R.C., Hrmova M., Burton R.A., Lahnstein J., and Fincher G.B. Bifunctional family 3 glycoside hydrolases from barley with α-l-arabinofuranosidase and β-d-xylosidase activity. Characterization, primary structures, and COOH-terminal processing. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 5377-5387
55. Lee E.J., Matsumura Y., Soga K., Hoson T., and Koizumi N. Glycosyl hydrolases of cell wall are induced by sugar starvation in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol. 48 (2007) 405-413
56. Leiter H., Mucha J., Staudacher E., Grimm R., Glössl J., and Altmann F. Purification, cDNA cloning, and expression of GDP-L-Fuc: Asn-linked GlcNAc α, 3-fucosyltransferase from mung beans. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 21830-21839
57. Léonard R., Rendić D., Rabouille C., Wilson I.B., Préat T., and Altmann F. The Drosophila fused lobes gene encodes an N-acetylglucosaminidase involved in N-glycan processing. J. Biol. Chem. 281 (2006) 4867-4875
58. Léonard R., Pabst M., Bondili J.S., Chambat G., Veit C., Strasser R., and Altmann F. Identification of an Arabidopsis gene encoding a GH95 α1,2-fucosidase active on xyloglucan oligo- and polysaccharides. Phytochemistry 69 (2008) 1983-1988
59. Lerouge P., Cabanes-Macheteau M., Rayon C., Fischette-Lainé A.C., Gomord V., and Faye L. N-glycoprotein biosynthesis in plants: recent developments and future trends. Plant Mol. Biol. 38 (1998) 31-48
60. Li S.C., and Li Y.T. Studies on the glycosidases of jack bean meal. 3. Crystallization and properties of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase. J. Biol. Chem. 245 (1970) 5153-5160
61. Li S.C., Mazzotta M.Y., Chien S.F., and Li Y.T. Isolation and characterization of jack bean β-galactosidase. J. Biol. Chem. 250 (1975) 6786-6791
62. Marraccini P., Rogers W.J., Caillet V., Deshayes A., Granato D., Lausanne F., Lechat S., Pridmore D., and Petiard V. Biochemical and molecular characterization of α-d-galactosidase from coffee beans. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 43 (2005) 909-920
63. Michael J.M., and Kornfeld S. Partial purification and characterization of the glucosidases involved in the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 199 (1980) 249-258
64. Motose H., Sugiyama M., and Fukuda H. A proteoglycan mediates inductive interaction during plant vascular development. Nature 429 (2004) 873-878
65. Nebenfuhr A., Gallagher L.A., Dunahay T.G., Frohlick J.A., Mazurkiewicz A.M., Meehl J.B., and Staehelin L.A. Stop-and-go movements of plant Golgi stacks are mediated by the acto-myosin system. Plant Physiol. 121 (1999) 1127-1142
66. Ogata-Arakawa M., Muramatsu T., and Kobata A. Α-l-fucosidases from almond emulsin: characterization of the two enzymes with different specificities. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 181 (1977) 353-358
67. Oikawa A., Itoh E., Ishihara A., and Iwamura H. Purification and characterization of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from maize seedlings. J. Plant Physiol. 160 (2003) 991-999
68. Plummer Jr. T.H., and Tarentino A.L. Facile cleavage of complex oligosaccharides from glycopeptides by almond emulsin peptide: N-glycosidase. J. Biol. Chem. 256 (1981) 10243-10246
69. Ramessar K., Rademacher T., Sack M., Stadlmann J., Platis D., Stiegler G., Labrou N., Altmann F., Ma J., Stoger E., Capell T., and Christou P. Cost-effective production of a vaginal protein microbicide to prevent HIV transmission. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 (2008) 3727-3732
70. Risley J.M., and Van Etten R.L. 1H NMR evidence that almond "peptide: N-glycosidase" is an amidase. Kinetic data and trapping of the intermediate. J. Biol. Chem. 260 (1985) 15488-15494
71. Royle L., Radcliffe C.M., Dwek R.A., and Rudd P.M. Detailed structural analysis of N-glycans released from glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE gel bands using HPLC combined with exoglycosidase array digestions. Methods Mol. Biol. 347 (2006) 125-143
72. Saint-Jore-Dupas C., Nebenführ A., Boulaflous A., Follet-Gueye M.L., Plasson C., Hawes C., Driouich A., Faye L., and Gomord V. Plant N-glycan processing enzymes employ different targeting mechanisms for their spatial arrangement along the secretory pathway. Plant Cell 18 (2006) 3182-3200
73. Scudder P., Neville D.C., Butters T.D., Fleet G.W., Dwek R.A., Rademacher T.W., and Jacob G.S. The isolation by ligand affinity chromatography of a novel form of α-l-fucosidase from almond. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 16472-16477
74. Shi H., Kim Y., Guo Y., Stevenson B., and Zhu J.K. The Arabidopsis SOS5 locus encodes a putative cell surface adhesion protein and is required for normal cell expansion. Plant Cell 15 (2003) 19-32
75. Soussillane, P., D'Alessio, C., Paccalet, T., Fitchette, A.C., Parodi, A.J., Williamson, R., Plasson, C., Faye, L., Gomord, V., 2008. N-glycan trimming by glucosidase II is essential for Arabidopsis development. Glycoconjugate J.
76. Spiro R.G. Role of N-linked polymannose oligosaccharides in targeting glycoproteins for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 61 (2004) 1025-1041
77. Strasser R., Mucha J., Schwihla H., Altmann F., Glössl J., and Steinkellner H. Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA coding for β1, 2N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAc-TI) from Nicotiana tabacum. Glycobiology 9 (1999) 779-785
78. Strasser R., Mucha J., Mach L., Altmann F., Wilson I.B., Glössl J., and Steinkellner H. Molecular cloning and functional expression of β1, 2-xylosyltransferase cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett. 472 (2000) 105-108
79. Strasser R., Schoberer J., Jin C., Glössl J., Mach L., and Steinkellner H. Molecular cloning and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana Golgi α-mannosidase II, a key enzyme in the formation of complex N-glycans in plants. Plant J. 45 (2006) 789-803
80. Strasser R., Bondili J.S., Schoberer J., Svoboda B., Liebminger E., Glössl J., Altmann F., Steinkellner H., and Mach L. Enzymatic properties and subcellular localization of Arabidopsis β-N-acetylhexosaminidases. Plant Physiol. 145 (2007) 5-16
81. Sturm A. Heterogeneity of the complex N-linked oligosaccharides at specific glycosylation sites of two secreted carrot glycoproteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 199 (1991) 169-179
82. Sturm A., Van Kuik J.A., Vliegenthart J.F., and Chrispeels M.J. Structure, position, and biosynthesis of the high mannose and the complex oligosaccharide side chains of the bean storage protein phaseolin. J. Biol. Chem. 262 (1987) 13392-13403
83. Sudan C., Prakash S., Bhomkar P., Jain S., and Bhalla-Sarin N. Ubiquitous presence of β-glucuronidase (GUS) in plants and its regulation in some model plants. Planta 224 (2006) 853-864
84. Szumilo T., Kaushal G.P., and Elbein A.D. Purification and properties of glucosidase I from mung bean seedlings. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 247 (1986) 261-271
85. Szumilo T., Kaushal G.P., Hori H., and Elbein A.D. Purification and properties of a glycoprotein processing α-mannosidase from mung bean seedlings. Plant Physiol. 81 (1986) 383-389
86. Takahashi N., and Nishibe H. Some characteristics of a new glycopeptidase acting on aspartylglycosylamine linkages. J. Biochem. 84 (1978) 1467-1473
87. Tan L., Qiu F., Lamport D.T., and Kieliszewski M.J. Structure of a hydroxyproline (Hyp)-arabinogalactan polysaccharide from repetitive Ala-Hyp expressed in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 13156-13165
88. Tanaka R., Ikeda M., Funatsuki K., Yukioka H., Katoh K., and Konno H. Molecular cloning and in situ hybridization of α-l-arabinofuranosidase from carrot cells. Physiol. Plant 113 (2001) 392-399
89. Tanthanuch W., Chantarangsee M., Maneesan J., and Ketudat-Cairns J. Genomic and expression analysis of glycosyl hydrolase family 35 genes from rice (Oryza sativa L.). BMC Plant Biol 8 (2008) 84
90. Tarrago T., Martinez I., Torrent M., Codina A., Giralt E., Puigdomenech P., and Ludevid D. The fuc1 gene product (20 kDa FUC1) of Pisum sativum has no α-l-fucosidase activity. Plant Mol. Biol. 51 (2003) 877-884
91. Tateishi A., Mori H., Watari J., Nagashima K., Yamaki S., and Inoue H. Isolation, characterization, and cloning of α-l-arabinofuranosidase expressed during fruit ripening of Japanese pear. Plant Physiol. 138 (2005) 1653-1664
92. Taylor M.A., Ross H.A., McRae D., Stewart D., Roberts I., Duncan G., Wright F., Millam S., and Davies H.V. A potato α-glucosidase gene encodes a glycoprotein-processing α-glucosidase II-like activity. Demonstration of enzyme activity and effects of down-regulation in transgenic plants. Plant J. 24 (2000) 305-316
93. Tomiya N., Kurono M., Ishihara H., Tejima S., Endo S., Arata Y., and Takahashi N. Structural analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides by a combination of glycopeptidase, exoglycosidases, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 163 (1987) 489-499
94. Tretter V., Altmann F., and März L. Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-β-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase F cannot release glycans with fucose attached α1-3 to the asparagine-linked N-acetylglucosamine residue. Eur. J. Biochem. 199 (1991) 647-652
95. Vitale A., and Chrispeels M.J. Transient N-acetylglucosamine in the biosynthesis of phytohemagglutinin: attachment in the Golgi apparatus and removal in protein bodies. J. Cell Biol. 99 (1984) 133-140
96. Vuylsteker C., Cuvellier G., Berger S., Faugeron C., and Karamanos Y. Evidence of two enzymes performing the de-N-glycosylation of proteins in barley: expression during germination, localization within the grain and set-up during grain formation. J. Exp. Bot. 51 (2000) 839-845
97. Wilson I.B., Zeleny R., Kolarich D., Staudacher E., Stroop C.J., Kamerling J.P., and Altmann F. Analysis of Asn-linked glycans from vegetable foodstuffs: widespread occurrence of Lewis a, core α, 3-linked fucose and xylose substitutions. Glycobiology 11 (2001) 261-274
98. Yoshima H., Takasaki S., Ito-Mega S., and Kobata A. Purification of almond emulsin α-l-fucosidase I by affinity chromatography. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 194 (1979) 394-398
99. Zeleny R., Léonard R., Dorfner G., Dalik T., Kolarich D., and Altmann F. Molecular cloning and characterization of a plant α, 3/4-fucosidase based on sequence tags from almond fucosidase I. Phytochemistry 67 (2006) 641-648
100. Zeng Y.C., and Elbein A.D. Purification to homogeneity and properties of plant glucosidase I. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 355 (1998) 26-34
101. Zhu A., and Goldstein J. Cloning and functional expression of a cDNA encoding coffee bean α-galactosidase. Gene 140 (1994) 227-231
102. Zhu A., Monahan C., Zhang Z., Hurst R., Leng L., and Goldstein J. High-level expression and purification of coffee bean alpha-galactosidase produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 324 (1995) 65-70