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1
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84903914524
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Phase-Transfer Reactions
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See, for example: a, Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
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See, for example: (a) Lygo, B. Phase-Transfer Reactions, In Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Vol. V; Elsevier Science Ltd.: Oxford, 2001, 101-150.
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Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds
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Lygo, B.1
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10944269514
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2nd ed, Ojima, I, Ed, Verlag Chemie: New York
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(b) O'Donnell, M. J. Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Reactions in Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis, 2nd ed.; Ojima, I., Ed.; Verlag Chemie: New York, 2000.
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(2000)
Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Reactions in Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis
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O'Donnell, M.J.1
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3
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62349130451
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Shioiri, T. Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalysts, In Handbook of Phase-Transfer Catalysis; Sasson, Y.; Neumann, R., Eds.; Blackie Academic and Professional: London, 1997.
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(c) Shioiri, T. Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalysts, In Handbook of Phase-Transfer Catalysis; Sasson, Y.; Neumann, R., Eds.; Blackie Academic and Professional: London, 1997.
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4
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58149166406
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For reviews covering recent developments in asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis, see: a
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For reviews covering recent developments in asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis, see: (a) Maruoka, K. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2008, 12, 679.
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(2008)
Org. Process Res. Dev
, vol.12
, pp. 679
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Maruoka, K.1
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11
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39249084667
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Of particular interest are approaches that are compatible with in situ generation and screening, allowing for rapid optimization of PTC activity and reaction enantioselectivity, see for example: (a) Kitamura, K.; Arimura, Y.; Shirakawa, S.; Maruoka, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 2026.
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Of particular interest are approaches that are compatible with in situ generation and screening, allowing for rapid optimization of PTC activity and reaction enantioselectivity, see for example: (a) Kitamura, K.; Arimura, Y.; Shirakawa, S.; Maruoka, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 2026.
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12
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10944232002
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(b) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Hirst, J. D.; Melville, J. L.; Peterson, J. A.; Slack, D. Chim. Oggi 2004, 22, 8.
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(2004)
Chim. Oggi
, vol.22
, pp. 8
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Lygo, B.1
Andrews, B.I.2
Hirst, J.D.3
Melville, J.L.4
Peterson, J.A.5
Slack, D.6
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13
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0037020579
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(c) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015.
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(2002)
Tetrahedron Lett
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Lygo, B.1
Andrews, B.I.2
Crosby, J.3
Peterson, J.A.4
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(a) Lygo, B.; Allbutt, B.; Kirton, E. H. M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 4461.
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(2005)
Tetrahedron Lett
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Lygo, B.1
Allbutt, B.2
Kirton, E.H.M.3
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15
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23844502403
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(b) Melville, J. L.; Lovelock, K. J. R.; Wilson, C.; Allbutt, B.; Burke, E. K.; Lygo, B.; Hirst, J. D. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2005, 45, 971.
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(2005)
J. Chem. Inf. Model
, vol.45
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Melville, J.L.1
Lovelock, K.J.R.2
Wilson, C.3
Allbutt, B.4
Burke, E.K.5
Lygo, B.6
Hirst, J.D.7
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17
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0037829738
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(d) Lygo, B.; Allbutt, B.; James, S. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 5629.
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(2003)
Tetrahedron Lett
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Lygo, B.1
Allbutt, B.2
James, S.R.3
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0033515595
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Nakajima, M.; Miyoshi, I.; Kanayama, K.; Hashimoto, S.-I.; Noji, M.; Koga, K. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 2264.
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(1999)
J. Org. Chem
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Nakajima, M.1
Miyoshi, I.2
Kanayama, K.3
Hashimoto, S.-I.4
Noji, M.5
Koga, K.6
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62349124357
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Representative Procedures for Route A Preparation of 6-tert-Butyl-2-bromo-3-methylphenol N-Bromosuccinimide (77.6 g, 0.44 mol) was added in batches to a solution of 4 (68.2 g, 0.42 mol) in PE (1.5 L, The resulting mixture stirred for 3 h at r.t, then filtered through silica gel, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was distilled (140-145 °C, 1.3·10-3 bar) to afford the product (83.1 g, 83, as a pale yellow oil. The residue could also be purified by chromatography on silica gel (Rf, 0.5, PE) to give the product in similar yield. IR (neat, nmax, 3497, 1602 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, δ, 7.09 (1 H, d, J, 8.0 Hz, ArH, 6.72 (1 H, d, J, 8.0 Hz, ArH, 5.90 (1 H, s, OH, 2.34 (3 H, s, CH3, 1.38 [9 H, s, C(CH 3)3, 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3, δ, 150.4 (C, 136.0 C
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-1.
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62349104397
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Representative Procedures for Route B Preparation of 3,3′-Dibromo-5,5′-di-tert-butyl-4, 4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bisbromomethylbiphenyl Bromination of 5 was performed as described for 6b, to give the product (100, as a colourless solid. Mp 206-207 °C. IR (neat, νmax, 3054, 2966, 2869 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, δ, 7.24 (2 H, s, ArH, 4.49 (2 H, d, J, 10.0 Hz, CHaHb, 4.19 (2 H, d, J, 10.0 Hz, CHaHb, 4.01 (6 H, s, OCH3, 1.42 [18 H, s, C(CH3)3, 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3, δ, 157.3 (C, 145.1 (C, 136.3 (C, 134.6 (C, 128.5 (CH, 122.4 (C, 61.8 (CH, 35.8 (C, 33.2 (CH2, 30.9 (CH3, MS EI, m/z calcd for C24H30O2 79Br2 81Br2: 669.8930; found: 669.8893[M, Pr
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b)
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0002076066
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For a review of glycine imine chemistry see
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For a review of glycine imine chemistry see: O'Donnell, M. J. Aldrichimica Acta 2001, 34, 3.
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(2001)
Aldrichimica Acta
, vol.34
, pp. 3
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O'Donnell, M.J.1
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34248645401
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For examples of application in target synthesis, see: (a) Wang, Y.-G, Ueda, M, Wang, X, Han, Z, Maruoka, K. Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 6042
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For examples of application in target synthesis, see: (a) Wang, Y.-G.; Ueda, M.; Wang, X.; Han, Z.; Maruoka, K. Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 6042.
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24
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(b) Lee, J.-H.; Jeong, B.-S.; Ku, J.-M.; Jew, S.-S.; Park, H.-G. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 6690.
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(2006)
J. Org. Chem
, vol.71
, pp. 6690
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Lee, J.-H.1
Jeong, B.-S.2
Ku, J.-M.3
Jew, S.-S.4
Park, H.-G.5
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25
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23944440376
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(c) Lygo, B.; Slack, D.; Wilson, C. Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 6629.
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(2005)
Tetrahedron Lett
, vol.46
, pp. 6629
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Lygo, B.1
Slack, D.2
Wilson, C.3
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1842782786
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(d) Fukuta, Y.; Ohshima, T.; Gnanadesikan, V.; Shibuguchi, T.; Nemoto, T.; Kisugi, T.; Okino, T.; Shibasaki, M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004, 101, 5433.
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(2004)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
, vol.101
, pp. 5433
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Fukuta, Y.1
Ohshima, T.2
Gnanadesikan, V.3
Shibuguchi, T.4
Nemoto, T.5
Kisugi, T.6
Okino, T.7
Shibasaki, M.8
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0141631522
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(f) Kim, S.; Lee, J.; Lee, T.; Park, H.-G.; Kim, D. Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 2703.
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(2003)
Org. Lett
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, pp. 2703
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Kim, S.1
Lee, J.2
Lee, T.3
Park, H.-G.4
Kim, D.5
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31
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(i) Boeckman, R. K. Jr.; Clark, T. J.; Shook, B. C. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 2109.
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(2002)
Org. Lett
, vol.4
, pp. 2109
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Boeckman Jr., R.K.1
Clark, T.J.2
Shook, B.C.3
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62349087661
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General Procedure for the Alkylation of Glycine Imine 9 with Benzyl Bromide A mixture of the catalyst (1 mol, and imine 9 (50 mg, 0.17 mmol) in PhMe (2 mL) was degassed, placed under nitrogen, and cooled to 0 °C. Benzyl bromide (35 mg, 0.20 mmol) was added followed by 15 M aq KOH (1 mL) and the mixture stirred at 0 °C for 3 h. The mixture was then diluted with H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL, The combined extracts were dried (Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by chromatography on silica gel (Rf, 0.5; PE-EtOAc-Et 3N, 89:10:1) to give 10 as a colourless oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, δ, 7.59-7.56 (2 H, m, ArH, 7.38-7.26 (6 H, m, ArH, 7.20-7.14 (3 H, m, ArH, 7.06-7.03 (2 H, m, ArH, 6.61 (2 H, d, J, 6.5 Hz, ArH, 4.11 (1 H, dd, J, 9.0, 4.5 Hz, CH, 3.23 (1 H, dd, J, 13.5, 4.5 Hz, CHaHb, 3.16 1
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R = 28.2 min (S)-isomer.
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33
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0035939151
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For a discussion relating to enantiomeric enrichment of scalemic amino acid derivatives by crystallisation, see: O'Donnell, M. J, Delgado, F. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 6641
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For a discussion relating to enantiomeric enrichment of scalemic amino acid derivatives by crystallisation, see: O'Donnell, M. J.; Delgado, F. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 6641.
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34
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See, for example: a
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See, for example: (a) Lygo, B.; Kirton, E. H. M.; Lumley, C. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2008, 6, 3085.
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(2008)
Org. Biomol. Chem
, vol.6
, pp. 3085
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Lygo, B.1
Kirton, E.H.M.2
Lumley, C.3
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35
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33746277828
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(b) Shibuguchi, T.; Mihara, H.; Kuramochi, A.; Sakuraba, S.; Ohshima, T.; Shibasaki, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 4635.
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(2006)
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed
, vol.45
, pp. 4635
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Shibuguchi, T.1
Mihara, H.2
Kuramochi, A.3
Sakuraba, S.4
Ohshima, T.5
Shibasaki, M.6
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37
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34250625513
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See, for example: a
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See, for example: (a) Shibuguchi, T.; Mihara, H.; Kuramochi, A.; Ohshima, T.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Asian J. 2007, 2, 794.
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(2007)
Chem. Asian J
, vol.2
, pp. 794
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Shibuguchi, T.1
Mihara, H.2
Kuramochi, A.3
Ohshima, T.4
Shibasaki, M.5
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38
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33646874558
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(b) Arai, S.; Takahashi, F.; Tsuji, R.; Nishida, A. Heterocycles 2006, 67, 495.
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(2006)
Heterocycles
, vol.67
, pp. 495
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Arai, S.1
Takahashi, F.2
Tsuji, R.3
Nishida, A.4
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39
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0037963684
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(c) Akiyama, T.; Hara, M.; Fuchibe, K.; Sakamoto, S.; Yamaguchi, K. Chem. Commun. 2003, 1734.
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(2003)
Chem. Commun
, pp. 1734
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Akiyama, T.1
Hara, M.2
Fuchibe, K.3
Sakamoto, S.4
Yamaguchi, K.5
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40
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0035902407
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(d) O'Donnell, M. J.; Delgado, F.; Dominguez, E.; de Blas, J.; Scott, W. L. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2001, 12, 821.
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(2001)
Tetrahedron: Asymmetry
, vol.12
, pp. 821
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O'Donnell, M.J.1
Delgado, F.2
Dominguez, E.3
de Blas, J.4
Scott, W.L.5
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41
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(e) Corey, E. J.; Noe, M. C.; Xu, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 5347.
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(1998)
Tetrahedron Lett
, vol.39
, pp. 5347
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Corey, E.J.1
Noe, M.C.2
Xu, F.3
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42
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62349133016
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General Procedure for the Michael Addition of Glycine Imine 11 to MVK A mixture of imine 11 (0.12 mmol) and catalyst (1 mol, in i-Pr2O (4 mL) was cooled to 0 °C. MVK (0.24 mmol) was added followed by anhyd Cs2CO3 (0.06 mmol) and the mixture stirred at 0 °C for 2 h. The mixture was then filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (Rf, 0.2; PE-EtOAc-Et3N, 89:10:1) to give 12 as a colourless oil. IR (CHCl3, νmax, 1739, 1715, 1622 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, δ, 7.67-7.63 (2 H, m, ArH, 7.43-7.26 (16 H, m, ArH, 7.10-7.06 (2 H, m, ArH, 6.89 (1 H, s, CHPh2, 4.19 (1 H, app. t, J, 6.0 Hz, NCH, 2.58-2.50 (1 H, m, 2.44-2.36 (1 H, m, 2.23-2.18 (2 H, m, 2.05 (3 H, s, Me, 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3, δ, 208.0 C, 171
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R = 29.5 min (S)-isomer.
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