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1
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0021053681
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Treatment and prophylaxis of ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction
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This paper was one of the first to properly put the importance of VF in humans in acute ischaemia in context as a major cause of lethality in ischaemic heart disease.
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Campbell R.W. Treatment and prophylaxis of ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 52 (1983) 55C-59C. This paper was one of the first to properly put the importance of VF in humans in acute ischaemia in context as a major cause of lethality in ischaemic heart disease.
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Am J Cardiol
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Campbell, R.W.1
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Rosamond W., Flegal K., Furie K., Go A., Greenlund K., Haase N., Hailpern S.M., Ho M., Howard V., Kissela B., Kittner S., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 117 (2008) e25-146
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Rosamond, W.1
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Howard, V.9
Kissela, B.10
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3
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0035891624
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Sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmias
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This paper identifies the relative prevalence of cardiac health and disease (heart failure) in sudden cardiac death victims, illustrating the important fact that the largest cohort of victims by far is the cohort with little or no pre-existent cardiac disease. It concludes that cardiac heritable abnormalities may explain the risk whereas we suggest that it is the risk of acute ischaemia (i.e., a coronary vascular pathology) that accounts for the findings.
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Huikuri H.V., Castellanos A., and Myerburg R.J. Sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmias. N Engl J Med 345 (2001) 1473-1482. This paper identifies the relative prevalence of cardiac health and disease (heart failure) in sudden cardiac death victims, illustrating the important fact that the largest cohort of victims by far is the cohort with little or no pre-existent cardiac disease. It concludes that cardiac heritable abnormalities may explain the risk whereas we suggest that it is the risk of acute ischaemia (i.e., a coronary vascular pathology) that accounts for the findings.
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N Engl J Med
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Huikuri, H.V.1
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Zipes D.P., and Wellens H.J. Sudden cardiac death. Circulation 98 (1998) 2334-2351
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Zipes, D.P.1
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5
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33746751481
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A comprehensive review and analysis of 25 years of data from an in vivo canine model of sudden cardiac death: Implications for future anti-arrhythmic drug development
-
This paper reviews one of the more clinically relevant models for detecting possible VF suppressing drugs, a model with a large database for interrogation.
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Billman G.E. A comprehensive review and analysis of 25 years of data from an in vivo canine model of sudden cardiac death: Implications for future anti-arrhythmic drug development. Pharmacol Ther 111 (2006) 808-835. This paper reviews one of the more clinically relevant models for detecting possible VF suppressing drugs, a model with a large database for interrogation.
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Pharmacol Ther
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, pp. 808-835
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Billman, G.E.1
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6
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0032127160
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Characterisation, utilisation and clinical relevance of isolated perfused heart models of ischaemia-induced ventricular fibrillation
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This paper reviews one of the simpler and more high-throughput models for evaluating VF preventive drugs and ancillary pharmacology. It also proposes ways of integrating model ease of use with clinical relevance and provides a large drug database and a comparison with other models.
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Curtis M.J. Characterisation, utilisation and clinical relevance of isolated perfused heart models of ischaemia-induced ventricular fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 39 (1998) 194-215. This paper reviews one of the simpler and more high-throughput models for evaluating VF preventive drugs and ancillary pharmacology. It also proposes ways of integrating model ease of use with clinical relevance and provides a large drug database and a comparison with other models.
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(1998)
Cardiovasc Res
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, pp. 194-215
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Curtis, M.J.1
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7
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0014374661
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Prevention of ventricular fibrillation induced by coronary ligation
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One of the first papers to describe a drug that can prevent VF and improve survival in a large animal model of ischaemia-induced VF.
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Kaumann A.J., and Aramendia P. Prevention of ventricular fibrillation induced by coronary ligation. J Pharmacol Exp Therap 164 (1968) 326-332. One of the first papers to describe a drug that can prevent VF and improve survival in a large animal model of ischaemia-induced VF.
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Kaumann, A.J.1
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8
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34247269711
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Sudden cardiac death: epidemiologic and financial worldwide perspective
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Smith T.W., and Cain M.E. Sudden cardiac death: epidemiologic and financial worldwide perspective. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 17 (2006) 199-203
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Smith, T.W.1
Cain, M.E.2
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9
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-
0024321898
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Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators
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The first body blow to anti-VF drug discovery-a catastrophic clinical trial that revealed an increase in death in drug-treated patients.
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CAST. Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators. N Engl J Med 321 (1989) 406-412. The first body blow to anti-VF drug discovery-a catastrophic clinical trial that revealed an increase in death in drug-treated patients.
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N Engl J Med
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, pp. 406-412
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CAST1
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10
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8944234858
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Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. The SWORD investigators. Survival with oral d-sotalol
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The second (and apparently lethal) body blow to anti-VF drug discovery. A second class of ion-channel-targeting drugs increased death following myocardial infarction in patients.
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Waldo A.L., Camm A.J., deRuyter H., Friedman P.L., MacNeil D.J., Pauls J.F., Pitt B., Pratt C.M., Schwartz P.J., and Veltri E.P. Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. The SWORD investigators. Survival with oral d-sotalol. Lancet 348 (1996) 7-12. The second (and apparently lethal) body blow to anti-VF drug discovery. A second class of ion-channel-targeting drugs increased death following myocardial infarction in patients.
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Lancet
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Waldo, A.L.1
Camm, A.J.2
deRuyter, H.3
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MacNeil, D.J.5
Pauls, J.F.6
Pitt, B.7
Pratt, C.M.8
Schwartz, P.J.9
Veltri, E.P.10
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11
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0025022540
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The cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial: background, interim results and implications
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Evaluation of the CAST study (see reference above) revealed uncertainty. The uncertainty has left industry unwilling to engage in anti-VF drug discovery. The status quo prevails today, to all our detriment.
-
Pratt C.M., and Moye L.A. The cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial: background, interim results and implications. Am J Cardiol 65 (1990) 20B-29B. Evaluation of the CAST study (see reference above) revealed uncertainty. The uncertainty has left industry unwilling to engage in anti-VF drug discovery. The status quo prevails today, to all our detriment.
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Am J Cardiol
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Pratt, C.M.1
Moye, L.A.2
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12
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Echt D.S., Liebson P.R., Mitchell L.B., Peters R.W., Obias-Manno D., Barker A.H., Arensberg D., Baker A., Friedman L., Greene H.L., et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med 324 (1991) 781-788
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Echt, D.S.1
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13
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0036178090
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Limited antifibrillatory effectiveness of clinically relevant concentrations of class I antiarrhythmics in isolated perfused rat hearts
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Lack of benefit of clinically relevant concentrations of Class 1 antiarrhythmics against ischaemia-induced VF in an animal model reiterates the findings of the CAST study. Perhaps this study should have been carried out in the mid 1980s rather than 2002.
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Farkas A., and Curtis M.J. Limited antifibrillatory effectiveness of clinically relevant concentrations of class I antiarrhythmics in isolated perfused rat hearts. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 39 (2002) 412-424. Lack of benefit of clinically relevant concentrations of Class 1 antiarrhythmics against ischaemia-induced VF in an animal model reiterates the findings of the CAST study. Perhaps this study should have been carried out in the mid 1980s rather than 2002.
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J Cardiovasc Pharmacol
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Farkas, A.1
Curtis, M.J.2
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Torsades de pointes: arrhythmia, syndrome, or chimera? A perspective in the light of the Lambeth Conventions
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Curtis M.J. Torsades de pointes: arrhythmia, syndrome, or chimera? A perspective in the light of the Lambeth Conventions. Cardiovasc Drugs Therapy 5 (1991) 191-200
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Atherosclerosis: lipid infiltration or Chlamydia pneumoniae infection?* Response
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Shor A., Libby P., Ridker P.M., and Maseri A. Atherosclerosis: lipid infiltration or Chlamydia pneumoniae infection?* Response. Circulation 106 (2002) e135-136
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Shor, A.1
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0032892813
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RSD1000: a novel antiarrhythmic agent with increased potency under acidic and high-potassium conditions
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Yong S.L., Xu R., McLarnon J.G., Zolotoy A.B., Beatch G.N., and Walker M.J.A. RSD1000: a novel antiarrhythmic agent with increased potency under acidic and high-potassium conditions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 289 (1999) 236-244
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Yong, S.L.1
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17
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Roy D., Pratt C.M., Torp-Pedersen C., Wyse D.G., Toft E., Juul-Moller S., Nielsen T., Rasmussen S.L., Stiell I.G., Coutu B., Ip J.H., et al. Vernakalant hydrochloride for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation: a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 117 (2008) 1518-1525
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Roy, D.1
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18
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Calcium antagonists and coronary artery disease: an opportunity missed?
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Curtis M.J. Calcium antagonists and coronary artery disease: an opportunity missed?. J Neural Transm Suppl 31 (1990) 17-38
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Antiarrhythmic actions of verapamil against ischaemic arrhythmias in the rat
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Curtis M.J., MacLeod B.A., and Walker M.J. Antiarrhythmic actions of verapamil against ischaemic arrhythmias in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 83 (1984) 373-385
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Curtis, M.J.1
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Effect of calcium channel antagonists on susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: protection from ventricular fibrillation
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0032859737
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Inadequate ischaemia-selectivity limits the antiarrhythmic efficacy of mibefradil during regional ischaemia and reperfusion in the rat isolated perfused heart
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Class 4 antiarrhythmics are effective in preventing experimental ischaemia-induced VF but only at concentrations that dilate blood vessels. This paper is important not only because it explains clinical findings but also because it nevertheless confirms proof of concept-ventricular L channel blockade in the ischaemic region can suppress VF. Unfortunately we do not yet have a drug that possesses the required selectivity for the ischaemic milieu.
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Farkas A., Qureshi A., and Curtis M.J. Inadequate ischaemia-selectivity limits the antiarrhythmic efficacy of mibefradil during regional ischaemia and reperfusion in the rat isolated perfused heart. Br J Pharmacol 128 (1999) 41-50. Class 4 antiarrhythmics are effective in preventing experimental ischaemia-induced VF but only at concentrations that dilate blood vessels. This paper is important not only because it explains clinical findings but also because it nevertheless confirms proof of concept-ventricular L channel blockade in the ischaemic region can suppress VF. Unfortunately we do not yet have a drug that possesses the required selectivity for the ischaemic milieu.
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Br J Pharmacol
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Farkas, A.1
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The mechanism of action of calcium antagonists on arrhythmias in early myocardial ischaemia: studies with nifedipine and DHM9
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Curtis M.J., and Walker M.J. The mechanism of action of calcium antagonists on arrhythmias in early myocardial ischaemia: studies with nifedipine and DHM9. Br J Pharmacol 94 (1988) 1275-1286
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Gupta A., Lawrence A.T., Krishnan K., Kavinsky C.J., and Trohman R.G. Current concepts in the mechanisms and management of drug-induced QT prolongation and torsade de pointes. Am Heart J 153 (2007) 891-899
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24
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A new target logically explained.
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Saint D.A. The cardiac persistent sodium current: an appealing therapeutic target?. Br J Pharmacol 153 (2007) 1133-1142. A new target logically explained.
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Saint, D.A.1
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+ current during cardiac ischemia and hypoxia
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+ current during cardiac ischemia and hypoxia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 17 Suppl. 1 (2006) S96-S103
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For the M-TTI: effects of ranolazine on recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: the MERLIN-TIMI 36 randomized trial
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Morrow D.A., Scirica B.M., Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E., Murphy S.A., Budaj A., Varshavsky S., Wolff A.A., Skene A., McCabe C.H., and Braunwald E. For the M-TTI: effects of ranolazine on recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: the MERLIN-TIMI 36 randomized trial. JAMA 297 (2007) 1775-1783
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Morrow, D.A.1
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Antzelevitch C., Belardinelli L., Zygmunt A.C., Burashnikov A., Di Diego J.M., Fish J.M., Cordeiro J.M., and Thomas G. Electrophysiological effects of ranolazine, a novel antianginal agent with antiarrhythmic properties. Circulation 110 (2004) 904-910
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29
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The antiarrhythmic peptide rotigaptide (ZP123) increases gap junction intercellular communication in cardiac myocytes and HeLa cells expressing connexin 43
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Clarke T.C., Thomas D., Petersen J.S., Evans W.H., and Martin P.E. The antiarrhythmic peptide rotigaptide (ZP123) increases gap junction intercellular communication in cardiac myocytes and HeLa cells expressing connexin 43. Br J Pharmacol 147 (2006) 486-495
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Hennan J.K., Swillo R.E., Morgan G.A., Keith Jr. J.C., Schaub R.G., Smith R.P., Feldman H.S., Haugan K., Kantrowitz J., Wang P.J., Abu-Qare A., et al. Rotigaptide (ZP123) prevents spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias and reduces infarct size during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in open-chest dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 317 (2006) 236-243
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Hennan, J.K.1
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31
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0001482786
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Excitatory factors in ventricular tachycardia resulting from myocardial ischaemia. Potassium as a major excitant
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A classic paper. These data introduced the concept of endogenous chemical mediation of VF.
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Harris A.S., Bisteni A., Russell R.A., Brigham J.C., and Firestone J.E. Excitatory factors in ventricular tachycardia resulting from myocardial ischaemia. Potassium as a major excitant. Science 119 (1954) 200-203. A classic paper. These data introduced the concept of endogenous chemical mediation of VF.
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Harris, A.S.1
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32
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Endogenous chemical mediators of ventricular arrhythmias in ischaemic heart disease
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A modern day elaboration of the concept of endogenous chemical mediation of VF, with proposals for identifying which mediators are sufficient and which are necessary for VF to occur (and hence which represent targettable mechanisms).
-
Curtis M.J., Pugsley M.K., and Walker M.J. Endogenous chemical mediators of ventricular arrhythmias in ischaemic heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 27 (1993) 703-719. A modern day elaboration of the concept of endogenous chemical mediation of VF, with proposals for identifying which mediators are sufficient and which are necessary for VF to occur (and hence which represent targettable mechanisms).
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Curtis, M.J.1
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+ reveals that ischaemic arrhythmias is caused by independent effects of endogenous 'mediators' facilitated by interactions, and moderated by paradoxical antagonism
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A very depressing paper. It suggests that pathophysiological reserve is not the only difficulty in identifying specific targets for VF suppression. It also suggests that the way mediators interact is highly complex, and the outcome of blocking the effects of one mediator may be the opposite of what may have been anticipated from the study of the effects of the mediator in isolation.
-
+ reveals that ischaemic arrhythmias is caused by independent effects of endogenous 'mediators' facilitated by interactions, and moderated by paradoxical antagonism. Br J Pharmacol 142 (2004) 352-366. A very depressing paper. It suggests that pathophysiological reserve is not the only difficulty in identifying specific targets for VF suppression. It also suggests that the way mediators interact is highly complex, and the outcome of blocking the effects of one mediator may be the opposite of what may have been anticipated from the study of the effects of the mediator in isolation.
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Br J Pharmacol
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Baker, K.E.1
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Pugsley M.K. (Ed), Humana Press, Tottowa, NJ, USA. An interrogation of possible mediators of ischaemia-induced VF, updated.
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