메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 83, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 159-168

Using bivalves as particle collectors with PCR detection to investigate the environmental distribution of Haplosporidium nelsoni

Author keywords

Detection methods; Epizootic; Histology; Marine; MSX; Parasite distribution; Resistance

Indexed keywords

PROTOZOAL DNA;

EID: 62149122193     PISSN: 01775103     EISSN: 16161580     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/dao02018     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0007941368 scopus 로고
    • Oyster mortality studies in Virginia. IV. MSX in James River public seed beds
    • Andrews JD (1964) Oyster mortality studies in Virginia. IV. MSX in James River public seed beds. Proc Natl Shellfish Assoc 53:65-84
    • (1964) Proc Natl Shellfish Assoc , vol.53 , pp. 65-84
    • Andrews, J.D.1
  • 2
    • 0021032227 scopus 로고
    • Minchinia nelsoni (MSX) infections in the James River seed-oyster area and their expulsion in spring
    • Andrews JD (1983) Minchinia nelsoni (MSX) infections in the James River seed-oyster area and their expulsion in spring. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 16:255-269
    • (1983) Estuar Coast Shelf Sci , vol.16 , pp. 255-269
    • Andrews, J.D.1
  • 3
    • 18344365177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Needle in a haystack: Involvement of the copepod Paracartia grani in the life-cycle of the oyster pathogen Marteilia refringens
    • Audemard C, Le Roux F, Barnaud A, Collins C and others (2002) Needle in a haystack: involvement of the copepod Paracartia grani in the life-cycle of the oyster pathogen Marteilia refringens. Parasitology 124:315-323
    • (2002) Parasitology , vol.124 , pp. 315-323
    • Audemard, C.1    Le Roux, F.2    Barnaud, A.3    Collins, C.4    and others5
  • 4
    • 8744247428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time PCR for detection and quantification of the protistan parasite Perkinsus marinus in environmental waters
    • Audemard C, Reece KS, Burreson EM (2004) Real-time PCR for detection and quantification of the protistan parasite Perkinsus marinus in environmental waters. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:6611-6618
    • (2004) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.70 , pp. 6611-6618
    • Audemard, C.1    Reece, K.S.2    Burreson, E.M.3
  • 5
    • 33646735151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Audemard C, Calvo LMR, Paynter KT, Reece KS, Burreson EM (2006) Real-time PCR investigation of parasite ecology: in situ determination of oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus transmission dynamics in lower Chesapeake Bay. Parasitology 132:827-842
    • Audemard C, Calvo LMR, Paynter KT, Reece KS, Burreson EM (2006) Real-time PCR investigation of parasite ecology: in situ determination of oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus transmission dynamics in lower Chesapeake Bay. Parasitology 132:827-842
  • 6
    • 0000223436 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and significance of ingested haplosporidan spores in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791)
    • Barber RD, Ford SE (1992) Occurrence and significance of ingested haplosporidan spores in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791). J Shellfish Res 11:371-375
    • (1992) J Shellfish Res , vol.11 , pp. 371-375
    • Barber, R.D.1    Ford, S.E.2
  • 7
    • 0030893877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) epizootic in the Piscataqua river estuary (Maine/New Hampshire, USA)
    • Barber BJ, Langan R, Howell TL (1997) Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) epizootic in the Piscataqua river estuary (Maine/New Hampshire, USA). J Parasitol 83:148-150
    • (1997) J Parasitol , vol.83 , pp. 148-150
    • Barber, B.J.1    Langan, R.2    Howell, T.L.3
  • 8
    • 34147102182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterisation of a haplosporidian parasite infecting rock oysters Saccostrea cuccullata in north Western Australia
    • Bearham D, Spiers Z, Raidal S, Jones JB, Nicholls PK (2007) Molecular characterisation of a haplosporidian parasite infecting rock oysters Saccostrea cuccullata in north Western Australia. J Invertebr Pathol 95:33-40
    • (2007) J Invertebr Pathol , vol.95 , pp. 33-40
    • Bearham, D.1    Spiers, Z.2    Raidal, S.3    Jones, J.B.4    Nicholls, P.K.5
  • 9
    • 36849077590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Minchinia sp., in rock oysters Saccostrea cuccullata (Born, 1778) using DNA probes
    • Bearham D, Spiers Z, Raidal S, Jones JB, Nicholls PK (2008) Detection of Minchinia sp., in rock oysters Saccostrea cuccullata (Born, 1778) using DNA probes. J Invertebr Pathol 97:50-60
    • (2008) J Invertebr Pathol , vol.97 , pp. 50-60
    • Bearham, D.1    Spiers, Z.2    Raidal, S.3    Jones, J.B.4    Nicholls, P.K.5
  • 10
    • 33846429189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a real time PCR assay for detection of the ctxA gene of Vibrio cholerae in an environmental survey of Mobile Bay
    • Blackstone GM, Nordstrom JL, Bowen MD, Meyer RF, Imbro P, DePaola A (2007) Use of a real time PCR assay for detection of the ctxA gene of Vibrio cholerae in an environmental survey of Mobile Bay. J Microbiol Methods 68:254-259
    • (2007) J Microbiol Methods , vol.68 , pp. 254-259
    • Blackstone, G.M.1    Nordstrom, J.L.2    Bowen, M.D.3    Meyer, R.F.4    Imbro, P.5    DePaola, A.6
  • 11
    • 2042488557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal cycle of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in intertidal oysters, Crassostrea virginica, in South Carolina
    • Bobo MY, Richardson D, Cheng TC, McGovern E, Coen L (1996) Seasonal cycle of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in intertidal oysters, Crassostrea virginica, in South Carolina. J Shellfish Res 15:525
    • (1996) J Shellfish Res , vol.15 , pp. 525
    • Bobo, M.Y.1    Richardson, D.2    Cheng, T.C.3    McGovern, E.4    Coen, L.5
  • 12
    • 47349118609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misuse of PCR assay for diagnosis of mollusc protistan infections
    • Burreson EM (2008) Misuse of PCR assay for diagnosis of mollusc protistan infections. Dis Aquat Org 80:81-83
    • (2008) Dis Aquat Org , vol.80 , pp. 81-83
    • Burreson, E.M.1
  • 13
    • 11244296096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of recent information on the Haplosporidia, with special reference to Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX disease)
    • Burreson EM, Ford SE (2004) A review of recent information on the Haplosporidia, with special reference to Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX disease). Aquat Living Resour 17:499-517
    • (2004) Aquat Living Resour , vol.17 , pp. 499-517
    • Burreson, E.M.1    Ford, S.E.2
  • 14
    • 0033884079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased virulence in an introduced pathogen: Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica
    • Burreson EM, Stokes NA, Friedman CS (2000) Increased virulence in an introduced pathogen: Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. J Aquat Anim Health 12:1-8
    • (2000) J Aquat Anim Health , vol.12 , pp. 1-8
    • Burreson, E.M.1    Stokes, N.A.2    Friedman, C.S.3
  • 15
    • 62149144048 scopus 로고
    • Public health component of bivalve shellfish production and marketing
    • Canzonier W (1988) Public health component of bivalve shellfish production and marketing. J Shellfish Res 7:261-266
    • (1988) J Shellfish Res , vol.7 , pp. 261-266
    • Canzonier, W.1
  • 16
    • 0042194869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of the oyster parasite Bonamia ostreae by fluorescent in situ hybridization
    • Carnegie RB, Barber BJ, Distel DL (2003) Detection of the oyster parasite Bonamia ostreae by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Dis Aquat Org 55:247-252
    • (2003) Dis Aquat Org , vol.55 , pp. 247-252
    • Carnegie, R.B.1    Barber, B.J.2    Distel, D.L.3
  • 17
    • 0037020441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of in vitro-cultured and wild-type Perkinsus marinus. II. Dosing methods and host response
    • Chintala MM, Bushek D, Ford SE (2002) Comparison of in vitro-cultured and wild-type Perkinsus marinus. II. Dosing methods and host response. Dis Aquat Org 51:203-216
    • (2002) Dis Aquat Org , vol.51 , pp. 203-216
    • Chintala, M.M.1    Bushek, D.2    Ford, S.E.3
  • 18
    • 10244252448 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of the pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni in oysters, Crassostrea virginica, in South Carolina
    • Dougherty WJ, Cheng TC, Burrell VG Jr (1993) Occurrence of the pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni in oysters, Crassostrea virginica, in South Carolina. Trans Am Microsc Soc 112:75-77
    • (1993) Trans Am Microsc Soc , vol.112 , pp. 75-77
    • Dougherty, W.J.1    Cheng, T.C.2    Burrell Jr, V.G.3
  • 19
    • 0014318301 scopus 로고
    • Minchinia nelsoni (Haplosporida) disease syndrome in the American oyster Crassostrea virginica
    • Farley CA (1968) Minchinia nelsoni (Haplosporida) disease syndrome in the American oyster Crassostrea virginica. J Protozool 15:585-599
    • (1968) J Protozool , vol.15 , pp. 585-599
    • Farley, C.A.1
  • 20
    • 0002470717 scopus 로고
    • Effects of salinity on survival of the MSX parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni (Haskin, Stauber, and Mackin) in oysters
    • Ford SE (1985) Effects of salinity on survival of the MSX parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni (Haskin, Stauber, and Mackin) in oysters. J Shellfish Res 2:85-90
    • (1985) J Shellfish Res , vol.2 , pp. 85-90
    • Ford, S.E.1
  • 21
    • 11244296182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of high disease resistance in a wild oyster population
    • Ford SE (2002) Development of high disease resistance in a wild oyster population. J Shellfish Res 21:387
    • (2002) J Shellfish Res , vol.21 , pp. 387
    • Ford, S.E.1
  • 22
    • 0000233384 scopus 로고
    • History and epizootiology of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX), an oyster pathogen, in Delaware Bay, 1957-1980
    • Ford SE, Haskin HH (1982) History and epizootiology of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX), an oyster pathogen, in Delaware Bay, 1957-1980. J Invertebr Pathol 40:118-141
    • (1982) J Invertebr Pathol , vol.40 , pp. 118-141
    • Ford, S.E.1    Haskin, H.H.2
  • 23
    • 0023316606 scopus 로고
    • Infection and mortality patterns in strains of oysters Crassostrea virginica selected for resistance to the parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX)
    • Ford SE, Haskin HH (1987) Infection and mortality patterns in strains of oysters Crassostrea virginica selected for resistance to the parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). J Parasitol 73:368-376
    • (1987) J Parasitol , vol.73 , pp. 368-376
    • Ford, S.E.1    Haskin, H.H.2
  • 24
    • 0000408685 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of in vitro salinity tolerance of the oyster parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) and hemocytes from the host, Crassostrea virginica
    • Ford SE, Haskin HH (1988) Comparison of in vitro salinity tolerance of the oyster parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) and hemocytes from the host, Crassostrea virginica. Comp Biochem Physiol A 90:183-187
    • (1988) Comp Biochem Physiol A , vol.90 , pp. 183-187
    • Ford, S.E.1    Haskin, H.H.2
  • 25
    • 0027263051 scopus 로고
    • In vitro interactions between bivalve hemocytes and the oyster pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX)
    • Ford SE, Kanaley SA, Ashton-Alcox KA (1993) In vitro interactions between bivalve hemocytes and the oyster pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). J Parasitol 79:255-265
    • (1993) J Parasitol , vol.79 , pp. 255-265
    • Ford, S.E.1    Kanaley, S.A.2    Ashton-Alcox, K.A.3
  • 26
    • 0035283662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of particle filtration and UV irradiation to prevent infection by Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) and Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) in hatchery-reared larval and juvenile oysters
    • Ford SE, Xu Z, DeBrosse G (2001) Use of particle filtration and UV irradiation to prevent infection by Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) and Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) in hatchery-reared larval and juvenile oysters. Aquaculture 194:37-49
    • (2001) Aquaculture , vol.194 , pp. 37-49
    • Ford, S.E.1    Xu, Z.2    DeBrosse, G.3
  • 27
    • 0037205079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquaculture-associated factors in QPX disease of hard clams: Density and seed source
    • Ford SE, Kraeuter JN, Barber RD, Mathis G (2002) Aquaculture-associated factors in QPX disease of hard clams: density and seed source. Aquaculture 208:23-38
    • (2002) Aquaculture , vol.208 , pp. 23-38
    • Ford, S.E.1    Kraeuter, J.N.2    Barber, R.D.3    Mathis, G.4
  • 29
    • 0141482157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time PCR for quantification of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in environmental water samples and sewage
    • Guy RA, Payment P, Krull UJ, Horgen PA (2003) Real-time PCR for quantification of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in environmental water samples and sewage. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:5178-5185
    • (2003) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.69 , pp. 5178-5185
    • Guy, R.A.1    Payment, P.2    Krull, U.J.3    Horgen, P.A.4
  • 30
    • 0002865156 scopus 로고
    • Uncertainties and speculations about the life cycle of the eastern oyster pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX)
    • Fisher WS ed, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, p
    • Haskin HH, Andrews JD (1988) Uncertainties and speculations about the life cycle of the eastern oyster pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). In: Fisher WS (ed) Disease processes in marine bivalve molluscs, Vol 18. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, p 5-22
    • (1988) Disease processes in marine bivalve molluscs , vol.18 , pp. 5-22
    • Haskin, H.H.1    Andrews, J.D.2
  • 31
    • 0001250614 scopus 로고
    • Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) on Delaware Bay seed oyster beds: A host-parasite relationship along a salinity gradient
    • Haskin HH, Ford SE (1982) Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) on Delaware Bay seed oyster beds: a host-parasite relationship along a salinity gradient. J Invertebr Pathol 40:388-405
    • (1982) J Invertebr Pathol , vol.40 , pp. 388-405
    • Haskin, H.H.1    Ford, S.E.2
  • 33
    • 0014019817 scopus 로고
    • Minchinia nelsoni n. sp. (Haplosporida, Haplosporidiidae): Causative agent of the Delaware Bay oyster epizootic
    • Haskin HH, Stauber LA, Mackin JA (1966) Minchinia nelsoni n. sp. (Haplosporida, Haplosporidiidae): causative agent of the Delaware Bay oyster epizootic. Science 153:1414-1416
    • (1966) Science , vol.153 , pp. 1414-1416
    • Haskin, H.H.1    Stauber, L.A.2    Mackin, J.A.3
  • 36
    • 11244284883 scopus 로고
    • A pathology pot-pourri from the NOAA mussel watch program
    • Hillman RE, Boehm PD, Freitas SY (1988) A pathology pot-pourri from the NOAA mussel watch program. J Shellfish Res 7:216
    • (1988) J Shellfish Res , vol.7 , pp. 216
    • Hillman, R.E.1    Boehm, P.D.2    Freitas, S.Y.3
  • 37
    • 33748066661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships among parasites and pathologies in sentinel bivalves: NOAA status and trends 'Mussel Watch' program
    • Kim Y, Powell EN (2006) Relationships among parasites and pathologies in sentinel bivalves: NOAA status and trends 'Mussel Watch' program. Bull Mar Sci 79:83-112
    • (2006) Bull Mar Sci , vol.79 , pp. 83-112
    • Kim, Y.1    Powell, E.N.2
  • 38
    • 0343080774 scopus 로고
    • Lethal parasites in oysters from coastal Georgia, with discussion of disease and management implications
    • Lewis EJ, Kern FG, Rosenfield A, Stevens SA, Walker RL, Heffernan PB (1992) Lethal parasites in oysters from coastal Georgia, with discussion of disease and management implications. Mar Fish Rev 52:1-6
    • (1992) Mar Fish Rev , vol.52 , pp. 1-6
    • Lewis, E.J.1    Kern, F.G.2    Rosenfield, A.3    Stevens, S.A.4    Walker, R.L.5    Heffernan, P.B.6
  • 39
    • 0013451355 scopus 로고
    • Feeding of oysters in relation to tidal stages and to periods of light and darkness
    • Loosanoff VL, Nomejko CA (1946) Feeding of oysters in relation to tidal stages and to periods of light and darkness. Biol Bull (Woods Hole) 90:244-264
    • (1946) Biol Bull (Woods Hole) , vol.90 , pp. 244-264
    • Loosanoff, V.L.1    Nomejko, C.A.2
  • 40
    • 28044456972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lethal marine snow: Pathogen of bivalve mollusc concealed in marine aggregates
    • Lyons MM, Ward JE, Smolowitz R, Uhlinger KR, Gast RJ (2005) Lethal marine snow: pathogen of bivalve mollusc concealed in marine aggregates. Limnol Oceanogr 50:1983-1988
    • (2005) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.50 , pp. 1983-1988
    • Lyons, M.M.1    Ward, J.E.2    Smolowitz, R.3    Uhlinger, K.R.4    Gast, R.J.5
  • 41
    • 0005130183 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of MSX (Haplosporidium nelsoni) infection and subsequent mortality in resistant and susceptible strains of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) in New England
    • Matthiessen GC, Feng SY, Leibovitz L (1990) Patterns of MSX (Haplosporidium nelsoni) infection and subsequent mortality in resistant and susceptible strains of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) in New England. J Shellfish Res 9:359-366
    • (1990) J Shellfish Res , vol.9 , pp. 359-366
    • Matthiessen, G.C.1    Feng, S.Y.2    Leibovitz, L.3
  • 42
    • 50049112490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends in oyster population dynamics in Delaware Bay: Regime shifts and response to disease
    • Powell EN, Ashton-Alcox KA, Kraeuter JN, Ford SE, Bushek D (2008) Long-term trends in oyster population dynamics in Delaware Bay: regime shifts and response to disease. J Shellfish Res 27:729-755
    • (2008) J Shellfish Res , vol.27 , pp. 729-755
    • Powell, E.N.1    Ashton-Alcox, K.A.2    Kraeuter, J.N.3    Ford, S.E.4    Bushek, D.5
  • 43
    • 62149097535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sherburne SW, Bean LL (1991) Final progress report on the pathological testing program to detemine the nature and extent of the MSX (Haplosporidium nelsoni) disease problem in Damariscotta River American oysters, Crassostrea virginica. Maine Department of Natural Resources, West Boothbay, ME
    • Sherburne SW, Bean LL (1991) Final progress report on the pathological testing program to detemine the nature and extent of the MSX (Haplosporidium nelsoni) disease problem in Damariscotta River American oysters, Crassostrea virginica. Maine Department of Natural Resources, West Boothbay, ME
  • 44
    • 0025821266 scopus 로고
    • A 20-minute ethidium bromide/high-salt extraction protocol for plasmid DNA
    • Stemmer W (1991) A 20-minute ethidium bromide/high-salt extraction protocol for plasmid DNA. Biotechniques 10:726
    • (1991) Biotechniques , vol.10 , pp. 726
    • Stemmer, W.1
  • 45
    • 0028831292 scopus 로고
    • Detection of Haplosporidium nelsoni (Haplosporidia, Haplosporidiidae) in oysters by PCR amplification
    • Stokes NA, Siddall ME, Burreson EM (1995) Detection of Haplosporidium nelsoni (Haplosporidia, Haplosporidiidae) in oysters by PCR amplification. Dis Aquat Org 23:145-152
    • (1995) Dis Aquat Org , vol.23 , pp. 145-152
    • Stokes, N.A.1    Siddall, M.E.2    Burreson, E.M.3
  • 46
    • 0032783914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new epizootic of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX), a haplosporidian oyster parasite, in Long Island Sound, Connecticut
    • Sunila I, Karolus J, Volk J (1999) A new epizootic of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX), a haplosporidian oyster parasite, in Long Island Sound, Connecticut. J Shellfish Res 18:169-174
    • (1999) J Shellfish Res , vol.18 , pp. 169-174
    • Sunila, I.1    Karolus, J.2    Volk, J.3
  • 47
    • 34248177749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) rDNA detected in oysters from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea
    • Ulrich PN, Colton CM, Hoover CA, Gaffney PM, Marsh AG (2007) Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) rDNA detected in oysters from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. J Shellfish Res 26:195-199
    • (2007) J Shellfish Res , vol.26 , pp. 195-199
    • Ulrich, P.N.1    Colton, C.M.2    Hoover, C.A.3    Gaffney, P.M.4    Marsh, A.G.5
  • 48
    • 11144331975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) DNA in seawater by PCR: Influence of water parameters in bioassays
    • Vigneron V, Solliec G, Montanié H, Renault T (2004) Detection of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) DNA in seawater by PCR: influence of water parameters in bioassays. Dis Aquat Org 62:35-44
    • (2004) Dis Aquat Org , vol.62 , pp. 35-44
    • Vigneron, V.1    Solliec, G.2    Montanié, H.3    Renault, T.4
  • 49
    • 0030748867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition and facilitation of nucleic acid amplification
    • Wilson IG (1997) Inhibition and facilitation of nucleic acid amplification. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:3741-3751
    • (1997) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.63 , pp. 3741-3751
    • Wilson, I.G.1
  • 50
    • 0028869846 scopus 로고
    • Digestive tubule atrophy in eastern oysters, Crassotrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), exposed to salinity and starvation stress
    • Winstead JT (1995) Digestive tubule atrophy in eastern oysters, Crassotrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), exposed to salinity and starvation stress. J Shellfish Res 14:105-111
    • (1995) J Shellfish Res , vol.14 , pp. 105-111
    • Winstead, J.T.1
  • 51
    • 13544253515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasitic and symbiotic fauna in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) collected from the Caloosahatchee River and Estuary in Florida
    • Winstead JT, Volety AK, Tolley SG (2004) Parasitic and symbiotic fauna in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) collected from the Caloosahatchee River and Estuary in Florida. J Shellfish Res 23:831-840
    • (2004) J Shellfish Res , vol.23 , pp. 831-840
    • Winstead, J.T.1    Volety, A.K.2    Tolley, S.G.3
  • 52
    • 0033846961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction assay for the oyster pathogen Perkinsus marinus
    • Yarnall HA, Reece KS, Stokes NA, Burreson EM (2000) A quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction assay for the oyster pathogen Perkinsus marinus. J Parasitol 86:827-837
    • (2000) J Parasitol , vol.86 , pp. 827-837
    • Yarnall, H.A.1    Reece, K.S.2    Stokes, N.A.3    Burreson, E.M.4
  • 53
    • 0028246552 scopus 로고
    • Nested primer PCR detection limits of HIV-1 in the background of increased numbers of lysed cells
    • Zimmerman K, Pischinger K, Mannhalter JW (1994) Nested primer PCR detection limits of HIV-1 in the background of increased numbers of lysed cells. Biotechniques 17:18-20
    • (1994) Biotechniques , vol.17 , pp. 18-20
    • Zimmerman, K.1    Pischinger, K.2    Mannhalter, J.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.