Resurrecting clinical pharmacology as a context for Alzheimer disease drug development

Current Alzheimer Research

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 79-81

  Becker, Robert E ^a,c   Unni, Latha K ^b   Greig, Nigel H ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING   (United States)

^b Sigma Aldrich Co   (United States)

^c NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; METRIFONATE; PHENSERINE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; DOSAGE SCHEDULE COMPARISON; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RESEARCH; DRUG SAFETY; HUMAN; LOW DRUG DOSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW;

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANIMALS; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG TOXICITY; HUMANS; PHARMACOLOGY, CLINICAL; TRICHLORFON;

EID: 62149109331     PISSN: 15672050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/156720509787313916     Document Type: Review

References (21)

1. Schneider LS, Lahiri DK. The Perils of Alzheimer's Drug Development. Curr Alzheimer Res 6(1): 77-78 (2008).
2. Becker RE, Greig NH. Alzheimer's disease drug development in 2008 and beyond: problems and opportunities. Curr Alzheimer Res 5(4): 346-57 (2008).
3. Becker RE, Greig NH, Giacobini E. Why do so many drugs for Alzheimer's disease fail in development? Time for new methods and new practices? J Alzheimer Dis 15(2): 303-25 (2008).
4. Greig NH, Sambamurti K, Yu QS, Brossi A, Bruinsma GB, Lahiri DK. An overview of phenserine tartrate, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2(3): 281-90 (2005).
5. Klein J. Phenserine. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 16(7): 1087-97 (2007).
6. World Health Organization. Dichlorvos. Geneva: World Health Organization, http: //www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc79.htm (1989).
7. World Health Organization. Trichlorfon. Geneva: World Health Organization, http: //www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc132.htm (1992).
8. Taylor P. Anticholinesterase agents. In: Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P (Eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Eighth Edition, New York: Pergamon Press, pp. 131-149 (1990).
9. Becker RE and Giacobini E. Mechanisms of Cholinesterase Inhibition in Senile Dementia of Alzheimer's Type - Clinical, Pharmacological, and Therapeutical Aspects. Drug Dev Res 12: 163-195 (l988).
10. Becker R, Colliver J, Elble R, Feldman E, Giacobini E, Kumar V, et al. Effects of Metifonate, A Long Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitor in Alzheimer Disease: Report of an Open Trial. Drug Dev Res 9, 425-434 (l990).
11. Becker R, Moriearty P and Unni L. The Second Generation of Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Clinical and Pharmacological Effects. In: Becker R and Giacobini E (Eds.): Cholinergic Basis of Alzheimer Therapy, Birkhäuser, Cambridge, Mass, pp. 263-296 (1991).
12. Becker RE, Colliver JA, Markwell SJ, Moriearty PL, Unni LK, Vicari S. A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Metrifonate, an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, for Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 10(3): 124-131 (1996).
13. Becker RE, Colliver JA, Markwell SJ, Moriearty P, Unni LK, Varney A, Vicari S. A Six Month Study of the Effects of Metrifonate on Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 12(1): 54-57 (1998).
14. Schweitzer ES. Regulated and constitutive secretion of distinct molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase from PC12 cells. J Cell Sci 106: 731-740 (1993).
15. Kasprzak H, Salpeter MM. Recovery of acetylcholinesterase at intact neuromuscular junctions after in vivo inactivation with diisopropylfluorophosphate. J Neurosci 5: 951-955 (1985).
16. Fernandez HL, Stiles JR. Intra- versus extracellular recovery of 16S acetylcholinesterase following organophosphate inactivation in the rat. Neurosci Lett 49: 117-122 (1984).
17. Rotundo RL, Fambough DM. Synthesis, transport and fate of acetylcholinesterase in cultured chick embryos muscle cells. Cell 22:583-594 (1980).
18. Rotundo RL. Asymmetric acetylcholinesterase is assembled in the Golgi apparatus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 479-483 (1984).
19. Goossens P, Viret J, Leterrier F. Rat brain acetylcholinesterase turnover in vivo: use of a radioactive methylphosphonothiate irreversible inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 123: 71-77 (1984).
20. Moss DE, Rodriguez LA, Selim S, Ellert SO, Devine JV, Steger R. The sulfonly fluorides: CNS selective cholinesterase inhibitors with potential value in Alzheimer's disease. In: Hutton JT, Kenny AD. (Eds.) Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type. New York: Alan R. Liss, pp. 337-350 (1985).
21. Unni L, Vicari S, Moriearty P, Schaefer F, Becker R. The recovery of cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholinesterase activity in Alzheimer's disease patients after treatment with metrifonate. Methods Find Clin Pharmacol 22: 57-61 (2000).