Essenes at Qumran? A rejoinder to Albert Baumgarten

Dead Sea Discoveries

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 25-33

  Broshi, Magen ^a  

^a Israel Museum ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61949286582     PISSN: 09290761     EISSN: 15685179     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156851707779141182     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Al Baumgarten, "Who Cares and Why Does it Matter? Qumran and the Essenes, Once Again!" DSD 11 (2004) 174-90
2. S.I. Benin, "Pesher Nahum," Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2.653-55
3. M. Broshi and H. Eshel, "Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Contention of Twelve Theories," in Religion and Society in Roman Palestine: Old Questions New Approaches (ed. D.R. Edwards; London: Routledge, 2004), 162-69
4. J. Magness, The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002) 90-104
5. M. Broshi, "Response to Y. Hirschfeld's review of J. Magness, The Archaeology of Qumran," Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004) 761-63
6. The idea that balsam was grown at Qumran was first suggested by P. Donceel-Voute, "Traces of Fragrance Along the Dead Sea," Res Orientales 11 (1998) 93-124
7. H.M. Cotton and W. Eck, "Ein Staatsmonopol und seine Folgen," Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 140 (1997) 153-56
8. M. Stern, Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism (Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1974) 1.121
9. Following N. Golb, Who Wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls? (New York: Scribner, 1995) 143-149
10. For a fuller treatment of the Essene theory, see Magness, Archaeology of Qumran
11. Broshi, "Was Qumran Indeed a Monastery;" Broshi and Eshel, "Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls;" M Broshi and H. Eshel, review of Magness, The Archaeology of Qumran, DSD 11 (2004) 361-64
12. Even Hirschfeld, the principal advocate of the anti-Essene camp, also agrees that there are ten immersion pools at Qumran. See Hirschfeld, Qumran in Context, 120
13. For a fuller discussion of the problem see C. Burchardt, "Pline et les Esseniene. A propos d'un article recent," RB 69 (1962) 533-69
14. There are still some scholars bothered by this non-problem, e.g. M. Grossman who claims that the "Question [of the women in the cemetery] remains thoroughly vexed." See her "Reading for Gender in the Damascus Document," DSD 11 (2004), 236, n. 9
15. J. Zias, "The Cemeteries of Qumran and Celibacy: Confusion laid to Rest?" DSD 7 (2000) 220-53
16. Ch. Clermont-Ganneau, Archaeological Researches in Palestine 2 (London: Palestine Exploration Fund, 1896) 14-16
17. S.G. Sheridan, J. Ullinger and J. Ramp, "Anthropological Analysis of the Human Remains: The French Collection," Khirbet Qumran et Ain Feshkha II (eds. J.P. Humbert and J. Gunneweg; Fribourg: University Press Fribourg, 2003) 143
18. I have serious doubts about Roehrer-Ertl's judgements. See my review of his contributions in B. Mayer (ed.), Jericho und Qumran (Regensburg: Friedrich Pustet, 2000) in BASOR 329 (2003) 94-96
19. For a detailed discussion and good bibliography see J. Magness, "Women at Qumran?" Debating Qumran (Leuven: Peeters, 2004) 114-19
20. H. Eshel, M. Broshi, R. Freund and B. Schulz, "New Data on the Cemetery East of Khirbet Qumran," DSD 9 (2002) 150-52
21. J.K. Eakins, Tell el-Hesi: The Muslim Cemetery (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1993) 11, 15-17
22. M. Broshi and H. Eshel, "Three Seasons of Excavations at Qumran," Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004) 323
23. A.E. Shimron, I. Segal and Y. Deutch, "Notes on Zinc from Tomb 978," Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004) 331
24. M. Broshi, "The Archaeology of Qumran: A Reconsideration", in idem, Bread, Wine, Walls and Scrolls, 206 (first published in 1992)
25. N. Avigad and B. Mazar, "Beth Shearim," The New Encyclpedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society 1993) 1.236-248
26. As has been done in a toilet excavated at the City of David. See J. Cahill, K. Reinhard, D. Tarler and P. Warnock, "Scientists Examine Remains of Ancient Bathroom," BAR 17/3 (1991) 64-69