New data on the cemetery east of Khirbet Qumran

Dead Sea Discoveries

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 135-165

  Eshel, Hanan ^a   Broshi, Magen ^b   Freund, Richard ^c   Schultz, Brian ^a  

^a BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b Israel Museum ^*

^c UNIVERSITY OF HARTFORD   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61949343598     PISSN: 09290761     EISSN: 15685179     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/15685170260295463     Document Type: Review

References (28)

1. The cemetery east of Khirbet Qumran is one single cemetery, situated on the same plateau as the ruins, although to the east it spreads out over four hills. See R. de Vaux, "Fouilles au Khirbet Qumrân, rapport préliminaire," RB 60 (1953) 95
2. S. Steckoll thought that this Northern Cemetery was the North Hill and emphasized that there was only one cemetery. See S.H. Steckoll, "Marginal Notes on the Qumran Excavations," RevQ 7 (1969) 37-38
3. C. Clermont-Ganneau, Archaeological Researches in Palestine during the Years 1873-1874 (London: Palestine Exploration Fund, 1896) 2.15-16
4. De Vaux, "Fouilles" (1953), 95
5. S.H. Steckoll, "Preliminary Excavation Report in the Qumran Cemetery," RevQ 6 (1968) 323-36
6. J.A. Zias, "The Cemeteries of Qumran and Celibacy: Confusion Laid to Rest?" DSD 7 (2000) 220-53
7. Steckoll, "Preliminary Excavation Report," 327-29
8. Rahmani, Catalogue, 7
9. On this issue, see H. Shanks, "Religious Jews: Save the Bones of your Ancestors!" BAR 27/2 (Mar/Apr 2001) 19
10. L. Aitchison, A History of Metals (New York: Interscience Publishers, 1960) 480
11. M. Farnsworth, C.S. Smith, and J.L. Rodda, "Metallographic Examination of a Sample of Metallic Zinc from Ancient Athens," Hesperia Supplement 8 (1949) 126-29, pl. 16
12. R. de Vaux, Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls (London: Oxford University Press, 1973) 46-47
13. See Zias, "The Cemeteries of Qumran and Celibacy." While the study of these bones demonstrate that there were indeed women burials in the Qumran cemetery dating to the second temple period, it neither invalidates nor even weakens Zias's arguments for dating many of the women burials to a later period. Furthermore, the most unusual characteristics of burial 1000 only add to the difficulty of understanding this issue
14. Y. Tsafrir, Eretz Israel from the Destruction of the Second Temple to the Muslim Conquest: Archaeology and Art (Hebrew) (Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1984) 159-63
15. Concerning the benches at the "Tomb of the Kings," see M. Kon, The Tomb of the Kings (Hebrew) (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1947) 38-40
16. For the benches by burial caves 8 and 14 in Sanhedriyya, see L.Y. Rahmani, "Jewish Rock Cut Tombs in Jerusalem," Atiqot 3 (1961) 96-97
17. For the benches by the burial cave on the Mount of Olives, see R. Abu-Raya, "Jerusalem, Mount of Olives," Excavations and Surveys in Israel 16 (1997) 109-10
18. See Zias, "The Cemeteries of Qumran and Celibacy."
19. T.S. Beall, Josephus' Description of the Essenes Illustrated by the Dead Sea Scrolls (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988) 52-53. Note also the body of literature Beall references there
20. A single Roman sherd (Donceel, Synthèse, 102)
21. A portion of a jar was reconstructed from the sherds, dating to the 1st century BCE, level Ib (de Vaux, "Fouilles" [1953], Pl. VIa-1)
22. A few sherds (Donceel, Synthèse, 65)
23. A large stone covered an opening, filled in with smaller stones (Humbert and Chambon, Fouilles, 349)
24. A fragment of a storage jar was found on one of the stone walls supporting the loculus (Humbert and Chambon, Fouilles, 350)
25. Forty pieces of pottery found in the grave dated to first half of the 1st century CE (Steckoll, "The Community of the Dead Sea Scrolls," 211, 213)
26. We wish to thank Susan Sheridan for sharing this information with us prior to the publication of a forthcoming article by Sheridan, Ullinger, and Ramp
27. S. Hillson, Teeth (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 176-201
28. S. Brooks and J.M. Suchey, "Skeletal Age Determination Based on the OS Pubis: A Comparison of Acsadi-Nemeskeri and Suchey-Brooks Methods," Human Evolution 5 (1990) 227-38