The stabilization of the biblical text in the light of Qumran and Masada: A challenge for conventional Qumran chronology?

Dead Sea Discoveries

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 364-390

  Young, Ian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61949244091     PISSN: 09290761     EISSN: 15685179     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156851702320917869     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. See e.g., Tov, Textual Criticism, 28, 33-34
2. F.M. Cross, From Epic to Canon: History and Literature in Ancient Israel (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1998) 213
3. S. Talmon and Y. Yadin, Masada VI: Yigael Yadin Excavations 1963-1965. Final Reports: Hebrew Fragments from Masada (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1999) 25
4. For a convenient listing of all the texts concerned see E. Tov, "A Categorized List of All the 'Biblical Texts' Found in the Judaean Desert," DSD 8 (2001) 67-84
5. Tov, Textual Criticism, 106
6. G. Vermes, An Introduction to the Complete Dead Sea Scrolls (London: SCM Press, 1999) 27
7. and J. Trebolle Barrera, "Qumran Evidence for a Biblical Standard Text and for Non-Standard and Parabiblical Texts," The Dead Sea Scrolls in their Historical Context, 89-106, do not mention the Masada biblical texts
8. Cross, Epic to Canon, 213-18. Note that although Cross did not have access to Talmon's final publication of the Masada texts, he comments on their close relationship with the MT, and uses the Masada date of 73 CE as a chronological peg in his reconstruction of the history of the biblical text: see pp. 213, 216
9. b)
10. For an introduction to the debate regarding the Pharisees, see D. Goodblatt, "The Place of the Pharisees in First Century Judaism: The State of the Debate," JSJ 20 (1989) 12-30
11. and D.S. Williams, "Morton Smith on the Pharisees in Josephus," JQR 84 (1993) 29-42
12. The quotation marks are Talmon's own. A similar argument to that of Talmon about the isolated nature of the Qumran community is already found early in Qumran research. See M. Greenberg, "The Stabilization of the Text of the Hebrew Bible, Reviewed in the Light of the Biblical Materials from the Judean Desert," JAOS 76 (1956) 157-67, esp. 165
13. reprinted in S.Z. Leiman, The Canon and Masorah of the Hebrew Bible: An Introductory Reader (New York: Ktav, 1974) 298-326, esp. 315. At that time it was generally considered that all the scrolls came from Qumran
14. Talmon, Masada, 24-26
15. See also: E. Tov, "A Qumran Origin for the Masada Non-Biblical Texts?" DSD 7 (2000) 57-73
16. See especially E. Tov, "The Orthography and Language of the Hebrew Scrolls Found at Qumran and the Origin of These Scrolls," Textus 13 (1986) 31-57
17. See e.g., N. Golb, Who Wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls? The Search for the Secret of Qumran (New York: Scribner, 1994)
18. A.D. Crown and L. Cansdale, "Qumran - Was it an Essene Settlement? BAR 20/5 (Sept/Oct 1994) 24-35, 73-78
19. P.R. Davies, "Was There Really a Qumran Community?" CurBS 3 (1995) 9-35
20. I. Hutchesson, "The Essene Hypothesis After Fifty Years: An Assessment," QC 9:1 (2000) 17-34
21. P.R. Davies, "Who Hid the Scrolls and When? Reflections on Recent Proposals," QC 9:2-4 (2000) 106-22
22. See e.g., Cohen, "Pharisees and Rabbis"
23. E.P. Sanders, "Common Judaism and the Synagogue in the First Century," Jews, Christians and Polytheists in the Ancient Synagogue: Cultural Interaction during the Greco-Roman Period (ed. S. Fine; London: Routledge, 1999) 1-17
24. Albrektson, "Reflections on the Emergence," 58
25. S. Talmon, "A Masada Fragment of Samaritan Origin," IEJ 47 (1997) 220-32
26. Talmon, "Masada Fragment of Samaritan Origin," 231
27. See e.g., D. Ben-Haim Trifon, "Some Aspects of Internal Politics Connected With The Bar-Kochva Revolt" (Hebrew)
28. Talmon, Masada, 38, 48
29. Cross, Epic to Canon, 217
30. I. Hutchesson, "63 BCE: A Revised Dating for the Depositation of the Dead Sea Scrolls," QC 8:3 (1999) 177-94
31. G.L. Doudna, "Redating the Dead Sea Scrolls Found at Qumran: The Case for 63 BCE," QC 8:4 (1999) 1-96
32. Hutchesson, "63 BCE," 187-90
33. Hutchesson, "63 BCE," 182
34. Doudna, "Redating," esp. 22-26
35. Doudna, Pesher Nahum, 699-705
36. Doudna, "Radiocarbon," esp. 458-64
37. Hutchesson, " 63 BCE," 190
38. Doudna, Pesher Nahum, 675-82: Appendix A: "Paleography and the Dating of Individual Qumran Manuscripts"
39. A.D. Crown, "An Alternative View of Qumran," Samaritan, Hebrew and Aramaic Studies Presented to Professor Abraham Tal (eds M. Bar-Asher and M. Florentin; Jerusalem: The Bialik Institute, forthcoming)
40. Albrektson, "Reflections on the Emergence."
41. Sanders, Judaism Practice and Belief, 47-54
42. On the Scriptures as laid up in the Temple, see R. Beckwith, The Old Testament Canon of the New Testament Church and Its Background in Early Judaism (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1985) 80-86
43. P.R. Davies, Scribes and Scrolls: The Canonization of the Hebrew Scriptures (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1998) 179
44. A.E. Steinmann, The Oracles of God: The Old Testament Canon (St Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1999) 59-61, 85, 111-13, 193
45. E.C. Ulrich, "Josephus' Biblical Text for the Books of Samuel," Josephus, the Bible, and History, 81-96
46. The evidence discussed by É. Nodet, "Josephus and the Pentateuch," JSJ 28 (1997) 154-94 does not demand that Josephus' variants can only be explained by unmediated use of a Hebrew text rather than coming from one of those other sources
47. M.H. Segal, "The Promulgation of the Authoritative Text of the Hebrew Bible," JBL 72 (1953) 35-47
48. repr. Leiman, Canon and Masorah, 285-97
49. (Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. 6.25; text in Steinmann, Oracles, 152-53)
50. and cf. Beckwith, Old Testament Canon, 235-73
51. idem, "Formation," 57-58
52. Davies, Scribes and Scrolls, 177-82
53. cf. McDonald, Formation, esp. 101-3, 259-67